[The evolution of adenoidectomy].

The critical analysis of publications concerning methods designed for the surgical treatment of adenoids is presented. Various surgical techniques are considered with special reference to their indications for use, invasiveness, effectiveness, and safety. Recent developments in this field give evidence that evolution of adenoidectomy brought about highly efficacious (up to 99%) mini-invasive and safe surgical procedures producing the minimal risk of relapses and postoperative complications. All these advancements became possible due to the introduction of endoscopic intraoperative control, general anesthesia, and the use of modern surgical instruments. Modern approaches make unnecessary radical removal of the lymphoid tissue.

[The clinical effectiveness of the antiseptic treatment of the operative field for endoscopic adenotomy].

The objective of the present controlled randomized study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of the antiseptic treatment of the operative field for endoscopic adenotomy. It is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 202 children at the age varying from 4 to 10 years admitted with the diagnosis of adenoids for the planned surgical intervention between 2010 and 2012. The results of the study indicate that postoperative objective and subjective symptoms of the disease were significantly less pronounced in the case of the preoperative treatment of the operative field than without it. Specifically, statistically significant reduction in the severity of postoperative reactive inflammation was documented. Double antiseptic washing of the nasopharynx caused neither complications nor undesirable adverse reactions and significantly reduced the requirements for systemic antibacterial preparations and anesthetics. It is concluded that the preoperative antiseptic treatment of the operative field for endoscopic adenotomy is a safe and effective procedure that can be recommended for a wider clinical application.

[The nasal valve. Part II. The modern methods for the conservative and surgical treatment of its pathology].

This literature review is focused on the methods for surgical correction of the nasal valve. Various surgical techniques are critically examined with reference to their application depending on the peculiar anatomical features of the nasal valve and mechanisms underlying its disorders. Conflicting opinions about the approaches to the correction of nasal valve insufficiency dictate the necessity of further search for the new methods for this purpose taking account of the peculiarities of the patients' clinical conditions and topographic level of the disorder.

[The nasal valve. Part I. Anatomical and physiological nature, clinical manifestations of dysfunction and methods for its diagnostics].

In this article, the critical analysis of the available publications concerning anatomical and physiological nature of the nasal valve, clinical manifestations of its dysfunction, and diagnostic methods is presented. Various diagnostic tools are considered with special reference to the anatomical features of the nasal valve and mechanisms of its disorders. The study revealed contradictory opinions as regards the causes underlying valvular insufficiency and the necessity of the objective evaluation of nasal breathing in the patients with this pathology. The need of the search for the new methods of topical diagnostics of nasal valve dysfunction is substantiated.

[The state of the stirrup prosthesis estimated from the results of functional multispiral computed tomography].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the state of the stirrup prosthesis based on the results of functional multispiral computed tomography (fMSCT). A total of 30 patients suffering otosclerosis and treated by stapedoplasty were examined using the modified fMSCT technique developed by the authors. The data obtained were compared with the results of the audiologic study. It was shown that modified fMSCT makes it possible to objectively and visually estimate the state of the stirrup prosthesis, elucidate the causes of poor outcome of the surgical treatment and identify the indications for the second operation. The study has demonstrated that a more pronounced decrease of the air-bone gap (ABG) is associated with a rise in the amplitude of prosthesis movements whereas the degree of reduction of bone conduction does not significantly correlate with the depth to which the prosthesis reaches into the vestibulim.

[The use of functional multispiral computed tomography for differential diagnostics of otosclerosis and congenital malformation of the internal and middle ear (a case report)].

This paper reports a rare clinical observation of congenital malformation of the internal and middle ear diagnosed with the help of functional multispiral computed tomography (fMSCT). The patient presenting with conductive hearing loss was suspected to have otosclerosis. However, the use of fMSCT made it possible to arrive at a more precise diagnosis, that is congenital malformation of the internal and middle ear that clinically manifested itself as the conductive loss of hearing. It was decided to refrain from the surgical intervention: first, because its efficacy in this case was considered to be doubtful and second, it was fraught with the high risk of development of postoperative complications.

[Epidemiological aspects of nasal bones fractures in an industrial city today].

Contemporary epidemiological situation in relation to nasal bone fractures is characterized by a noticeable rise in the incidence rate in population (26.1 to 36.9 per 100,000 according to hospital statistics in an industrial city, and 57 to 61 per 100,000 according to statistics of outpatient clinics) and ENT morbidity (6.3 to 10.1% among inpatients); by stabilization of this incidence rate for the last 3 years and the trend to a decrease in the number of inpatients with nasal bone fractures. However, a high level of traumatism dictates the necessity of perfection of the system of the diagnosis and medical care for patients with nasal bone fractures.