The performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the World Mental Health Survey Japan.

Two new screening scales for psychological distress, the K6 and K10, have been developed using the item response theory and shown to outperform existing screeners in English. We developed their Japanese versions using the standard back-translaton method and included them in the World Mental Health Survey Japan (WMH-J), which is a psychiatric epidemiologic study conducted in seven communities across Japan with 2436 participants. The WMH-J used the WMH Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess the 30-day Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Performance of the two screening scales in detecting DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders, as assessed by the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), was excellent, with values as high as 0.94 (95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 0.99) for K6 and 0.94 (0.88 to 0.995) for K10. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLRs), which express screening test characteristics and can be used to produce individual-level predicted probabilities of being a case from screening scale scores and pretest probabilities in other samples, were strikingly similar between the Japanese and the original versions. The Japanese versions of the K6 and K10 thus demonstrated screening performances essentially equivalent to those of the original English versions.

Volume measurement of the left ventricle in children using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with ventriculography.

OBJECTIVES: Recently, a real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) volume scanning technique was developed and used clinically. For precise ventricular volumetry, independent of mathematical assumptions, imaging techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography are required in children with heart disease. This study evaluated whether RT3DE is suitable for left ventricular volumetry in children, and whether left ventricular volumes measured by RT3DE correlate sufficiently well with those measured by left ventriculography (LVG). METHODS: Twenty-five children with heart disease, 17 boys and 8 girls aged from 8 months to 18 years (mean age 5.9 +/- 5.3 years), underwent cardiac catheterization at our institution. RT3DE was performed within 30 min after LVG using the Philips SONOS 7500 ultrasound system with an electronic sector probe consisting of a X 4 matrix phased array transducer (center frequency of 2-4 MHz). Ultrasound images of the ventricle were calculated offline using TomTec 4D Cardio-View RT 1.2 software. Left ventricular volumes by LVG were calculated using Siemens Hicor T.O.P. Finally, the left ventricular volumes by RT3DE and LVG were compared. RESULTS: Left ventricular volumes measured by RT3DE correlated and agreed well with those measured by LVG(r = 0.996, Y = 0.566 + 0.964 X, mean difference -0.29 +/- 1.90ml; left ventricular end-systolic volume, r = 0.979, Y=-0.187 + 0.897 X, mean difference -6.76 +/- 10.58ml; left ventricular end-diastolic volume). CONCLUSIONS: RT3DE is suitable for left ventricular volumetry in children. There was a good correlation between RT3DE and LVG, but the volume of left ventricular end-diastolic volume estimated by RT3DE was smaller than that by LVG.

A multi-institutional retrospective analysis of external radiotherapy for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck in Northern Japan.

PURPOSE: A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed in northern Japan to analyze the outcome of external radiotherapy as the definitive treatment modality for localized mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with localized mucosal melanoma of the head and neck treated by external radiotherapy at nine institutions of the Northern Japan Radiation Therapy Oncology Group between 1980 and 1999 were enrolled in this study. Radiotherapy alone was performed in 21 patients, and the remaining 10 patients received postoperative radiotherapy for gross residual tumors. The fraction size of radiotherapy varied from 1.5-13.8 Gy, with the total dose ranging from 32-64 Gy (median, 50 Gy). The follow-up periods ranged from 1-214 months (median, 16 months). RESULTS: Complete or partial responses were observed in 9 patients (29%) and 18 patients (58%), respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 13 patients (41.9%) and distant metastasis occurred in 11 patients (35.5%). Most incidences of local recurrence and distant metastasis developed within 2 years after the initial treatment. Overall cause-specific survival rates of patients at 1 and 3 years were 73% and 33%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that high dose per fractionated radiotherapy doses (>or=3 Gy) was associated with better prognosis for both local control (p = 0.048) and survival (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis indicated that age (better prognosis in younger patients, p = 0.046) was the only significant factor. Radiotherapy for gross residual lesions after surgery did not seem to impact the significant gain of local control and survival. We observed two fatal late complications of mucosal ulcer and bleeding in the high dose per fractionated radiotherapy group. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy at a dose of 3 Gy or more per fraction was effective in gaining local control in patients with localized mucosal melanoma of the head and neck, and subsequently better survival was possible, especially in younger patients.

[A case of bilateral striatal necrosis associated with vesicular skin eruption].

We report here a case of bilateral striatal necrosis associated with vesicular eruption in the generalized skin. A 13-year-old, previously healthy boy had a febrile disease which was treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and an antiemetic agent. Two days later, generalized vesicular rash appeared. Seven days later, he became dysarthric. Rigidity and paralysis of the legs also developed, followed by mild disturbance of consciousness. Despite treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone and L-dopa, neurological symptoms worsened after admission, with appearance of involuntary movements and dysphagia. One month later, however, they improved spontaneously, and the patient was discharged with minimal sequelae. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high signal intensity lesions in the bilateral striatum on both the T1- and T2-weighted images. The dermatologic and neurologic disorders of this case may have resulted from drug allergy, although role of the infection was not excluded completely. The MRI findings may reflect microhemorrhage or necrosis in the striatal lesions.

Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Castleman's disease and asymptomatic bronchiolitis obliterans.

We describe a 19-year-old male patient who presented with recalcitrant erosions limited to the orolabial and genital mucosa for 18 months. The clinicopathologic diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence staining of murine bladder epithelium, and the presence of IgG autoantibodies against envoplakin, periplakin, and 170 kDa protein. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) recombinant proteins showed that the patient's sera were positive against Dsg3. Castleman's tumour was found in the pelvic cavity and resected completely. The orogenital erosions disappeared slowly after the resection of Castleman's tumour with the concomitant decrease in intercellular antibody titre and index values of Dsg ELISA. Although the patient was unaware of dyspnea on exertion, a notable air flow obstruction persisted over 17 months. The expiratory images of high resolution computed tomography showed air trapping, indicating the presence of asymptomatic but gradually progressive bronchiolitis obliterans.