The Influence of Adiponectin on Transport of Low-Density Lipoproteins through Human Endothelial Cell Monolayer In Vitro.

The influence of adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipocytes, on the activation of transendothelial LDL transport, the initial event of atherogenesis, was studied. The addition of adiponectin to the cultured endothelial hybridoma EA.hy926 cells did not affect both basal and TNF-stimulated transendothelial transport of LDL. In addition, adiponectin affects neither expression levels of CAV1, SCARB1, and ACVRL1 genes encoding proteins involved in transendothelial LDL transport, nor the MMP secretion by the EA.hy926cells. At the same time, adiponectin suppressed the TNF-stimulated IL-8 production and expression of the adhesion molecule gene ICAM1 in these cells. Thus, adiponectin reduces proinflammatory activation of EA.hy926 cells, which is not accompanied by changes in the transendothelial LDL transport. We speculate that anti-inflammatory action of adiponectin is the base for the influence of this adipokine on atherogenesis.

[Effect of genetically coded amino acids and their precursors carboxylic acids on the cellular proliferation in the organotypic culture of spleen in young and old rats].

Effect of carboxylic acids - structurally related to amino acids, on the proliferation activity of the cells in organotypic cultures of rat spleen was first studied. It was found that almost all aliphatic carboxylic acids have stimulating effects on proliferative activity of cells in young and old rats. In contrast only 3 from 14 active amino acids in young rats were able stimulate proliferation, but 11 amino acids inhibited it. In the old rats a number of the active amino acids was decreased until 4, an inhibiting effect was observed in 3 of them. Thus, the carboxylic acids are able to stimulate the regeneration processes in the immune tissue both in the young and old organisms. This fact can be a base for the research of new medical substances for the stimulation of the immunogenesis by the aging.

Low-molecular-weight components of the metabolome control the proliferative activity in cellular and bacterial cultures.

The effects of blood metabolites and model cell culture exometabolites found in the human and animal blood metabolomes have been assessed. Specifically, the influence of carboxylic acids that are structural analogues of amino acids and the drug Aktoflor-C have been studied. Methods of organotypic culturing of rat tissues and Escherichia coli bacterial culturing have been used. It has been found that all the tested compounds either stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation in tissue cultures and proliferation in bacterial cultures. The metabolites that are present in blood and interstitial fluids can exert regulation effects on the tissues of the body and intestinal microbiota.

["Protein of senility" CCL11, "protein of juvenility" GDF11 and their role in age-related pathology].

The paper presents the latest literature data on the structure and functions of «protein of juvenility¼ - CCL11 and «protein of senility¼ - GDF11. Chemokine CCL11 injected to young animals has been shown to lead to degenerative changes in the central nervous system (CNS), disturb cognitive functions and impede tissue regeneration. CCL11 concentration increases dramatically in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, neuro-inflammatory disorders, cerebral malaria, drug addiction, as well as in atherosclerosis, periodontal disease, macular degeneration, cancer and other pathologies. In contrast to CCL11, differentiation growth factor 11 (GDF11), being administered to old mice, eliminates age-associated hypertrophy of the heart, improves muscle tone and prevents degenerative changes in the CNS, improves cognitive functions and enhances tissue regeneration. Its concentration decreases in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other «diseases of old age¼. At the same time, the higher the GDF11 level in the blood, the milder myocardial infarction, stroke and other age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system.