Deciphering signaling pathway interplay via miRNAs in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly invasive form of lung cancer that adversely affects the pleural and other linings of the lungs. MPM is a very aggressive tumor that often has an advanced stage at diagnosis and a bad prognosis (between 7 and 12 months). When people who have been exposed to asbestos experience pleural effusion and pain that is not explained, MPM should be suspected. After being diagnosed, most MPM patients have a one- to four-year life expectancy. The life expectancy is approximately six months without treatment. Despite the plethora of current molecular investigations, a definitive universal molecular signature has yet to be discovered as the causative factor for the pathogenesis of MPM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The association between the expression of these short, non-coding RNAs and several neoplasms, including MPM, has been observed. Although the incidence of MPM is very low, there has been a significant increase in research focused on miRNAs in the past few years. In addition, miRNAs have been found to have a role in various regulatory signaling pathways associated with MPM, such as the Notch signaling network, Wnt/ß-catenin, mutation of KRAS, JAK/STAT signaling circuit, protein kinase B (AKT), and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the existing understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the underlying mechanisms of pathogenic symptoms in MPM, highlighting their potential as viable targets for therapeutic interventions.

Melodic maestros: Unraveling the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, progression, and drug resistance of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal form of pleural cancer characterized by a scarcity of effective therapeutic interventions, resulting in unfavorable prognoses for afflicted individuals. Besides, many patients experience substantial consequences from being diagnosed in advanced stages. The available diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options for MPM are restricted in scope. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of small, noncoding RNA molecules that exert significant regulatory influence over several cellular processes within cell biology. A wide range of miRNAs have atypical expression patterns in cancer, serving specific functions as either tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. This review aims to collate, epitomize, and analyze the latest scholarly investigations on miRNAs that are believed to be implicated in the dysregulation leading to MPM. miRNAs are also discussed concerning their potential clinical usefulness as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MPM. The future holds promising prospects for enhancing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic modalities for MPM, with miRNAs emerging as a potential trigger for such advancements.

The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of salivary gland cancer - A Focus on signaling pathways interplay.

Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is immensely heterogeneous, both in terms of its physical manifestation and its aggressiveness. Developing a novel diagnostic and prognostic detection method based on the noninvasive profiling of microribonucleic acids (miRs) could be a goal for the clinical management of these specific malignancies, sparing the patients' valuable time. miRs are promising candidates as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or factors that can advance the therapy of SGC due to their ability to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of various genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Depending on their biological function, many miRs may contribute to the development of SGC. Therefore, this article serves as an accelerated study guide for SGC and the biogenesis of miRs. Here, we shall list the miRs whose function in SGC pathogenesis has recently been determined with an emphasis on their potential applications as therapeutic targets. We will also offer a synopsis of the current state of knowledge about oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRs in relation to SGC.

miRNAs orchestration of salivary gland cancer- Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression, and drug resistance.

Cancer of the salivary glands is one of the five major types of head and neck cancer. Due to radioresistance and a strong propensity for metastasis, the survival rate for nonresectable malignant tumors is dismal. Hence, more research is needed on salivary cancer's pathophysiology, particularly at the molecular level. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA that controls as many as 30% of all genes that code for proteins at the posttranscriptional level. Signature miRNA expression profiles have been established in several cancer types, suggesting a role for miRNAs in the incidence and progression of human malignancies. Salivary cancer tissues were shown to have significantly aberrant levels of miRNAs compared to normal salivary gland tissues, supporting the hypothesis that miRNAs play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of salivary gland cancer (SGC). Besides, several SGC research articles reported potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the miRNA-based treatment of this malignancy. In this review, we will explore the regulatory impact of miRNAs on the processes underlying the molecular pathology of SGC and provide an up-to-date summary of the literature on miRNAs that impacted this malignancy. We will eventually share information about their possible use as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in SGC.

miRNAs as potential game-changers in melanoma: A comprehensive review.

Melanoma is the sixth most frequent malignancy. It represents 1.7% of all cancer cases worldwide. Many risk factors are associated with melanoma including ultraviolet radiation skin phenotype, Pigmented Nevi, Pesticides, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Of the main epigenetic factors affecting melanoma are microribonucleic acids (miRNAs). They are short nucleic acid chains that have the potential to prevent the expression of a number of target genes. They could target a number of genes related to melanoma initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and potential resistance to treatment. Additionally, they can control several melanoma signaling pathways, including P53, WNT/-catenin, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, TGF- ß, and EGFR. MiRNAs also play a role in the resistance of melanoma to essential treatment regimens. The stability and abundance of miRNAs might be important factors enhancing the use of miRNAs as markers of prognosis, diagnosis, stemness, survival, and metastasis in melanoma patients.

The accuracy and reliability of WebCeph for cephalometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the accuracy and reliability of WebCeph (web-based program for cephalometric analysis) with the AutoCAD computer software. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of pretreatment digital lateral cephalograms of 50 orthodontic patients was analysed with WebCeph and AutoCAD software (as a standard measure). On each cephalogram, 17 landmarks and 11 measurements were marked and performed as skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue parameters. We used six angular and five linear measurements. A paired t-test was used to assess the systematic bias. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot with linear regression analysis were used to assess the agreement between the two methods. RESULTS: There was adequate reproducibility for the measurements with both WebCeph and AutoCAD. The paired t-test showed statistically significant differences for five angular and two linear measurements (P < 0.05). The ICC test between WebCeph and AutoCAD revealed very good to excellent agreement for all measurements, except for the lower incisor to mandibular plane angle. The Bland-Altman plot visually showed a relatively acceptable limit of agreement for three angular and two linear measurements only, and the linear regression analysis revealed a significant proportional bias between the two methods for four angles and the upper lip-Esthetic line (U Lip-E Line). The systematic bias and level of agreement improved with the use of the semi-automatic WebCeph. CONCLUSIONS: Different problems, such as poor landmark identification/soft tissue tracing and inconsistency of measurements, are inherent to the automatic WebCeph. The semi-automatic WebCeph can overcome some limitations of the automatic WebCeph; however, it should be used for cephalometric analysis with a great deal of caution.

The expression profiling of serum miR-92a, miR-134 and miR-375 in acute ischemic stroke.

Aim: To investigate the expression profile and diagnostic potentials of serum miR-92a, 134, and 375 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Materials & methods: Serum miRs-92a, 134, and 375 expression profiles were estimated by qRT-PCR for 70 AIS patients, age-matched with 25 control subjects. Their diagnostic potential was estimated by ROC analysis. Results: Down-expression of miR-92a and miR-375 was found (56; 96.5%; -1.86 ± 1.36; and 53; 91.4%; -1.63 ± 1.38, respectively), while miR-134 showed a predominant upregulation (46; 79.3%; 0.853 ± 1.34). The diagnostic accuracy was the highest for miR-92a and miR-375 (area under the curve = 0.9183 and 0.898, respectively), with greater specificity for miR-375 (Sp = 96%). Conclusion: Serum miR-92a and miR-375 could be promising early detective biomarkers of AIS.

This study aimed to examine how miR-92a, 134, and 375 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients were expressed and if they could be used to diagnose the disease. Hence, their expression profiles were assessed in the serum of 70 AIS patients and 25 controls. Results showed that miR-92a and miR-375 were downregulated, while miR-134 was mostly upregulated. miR-92a and miR-375 had the best diagnostic accuracy, but miR-375 was more specific. Therefore, miR-92a and miR-375 show promise as potential early AIS biomarkers.