OPEC study: An international multicenter study of ovarian preservation in endometrial cancers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and oncological safety of ovarian preservation in early stage endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) patients aged 40 and below. METHODS: A total of 11 institutions from eight countries participated in the study. 169 of 5898 patients aged ≤40 years were eligible for the study. Patients with EC treated between March 2007 and January 2019 were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up after EC diagnosis was 59 months (4-187). Among 169 participants, ovarian preservation surgery (OPS) was performed in 54 (31.9%), and BSO was performed in 115 (68.1%) patients. Although patients younger than 30 years of age were more likely to have OPS than patients aged 30 to 40 years (20.4% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.021), there was no significant difference by the mean age. There were no other relevant baseline differences between OPS and BSO groups. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in either the overall survival (P = 0.955) or recurrence-free survival (P = 0.068) among patients who underwent OPS, and BSO. CONCLUSION: OPS appears to be safe without having any adverse impact on survival in women aged ≤40 years with FIGO Stage I EC.

Comparison of endometrial cancer risk in patients with endometrial precancerous lesions: WHO 1994 vs EIN classification.

Our aim was to investigate the frequency of concurrent endometrial cancer in patients with endometrial precancerous lesions (PCLs) using World Health Organization 1994 (WHO94) and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) systems. We retrospectively investigated patients that underwent surgery for endometrial PCLs according to WHO94 or EIN systems at Hacettepe University Gynecology Clinic between January 2002 and June 2014. Of the 267 patients, 189 (70.9%) were in the WHO94 group, 78 (29.2%) were in the EIN group. Mean age of patients was 50.2 years. Sixteen patients (8.5%) in WHO94 group and 15 (%19.2) patients in the EIN group had EC (p = 0.013). In WHO94 group, EC rate in patients with atypical EH (32.6%) was significantly more than patients with non-atypical EH (1.4%) (p < .001). Atypical EH and EIN are actual PCLs which could be accompanied by EC. Therefore, atypical EH and EIN should be treated surgically if there is no desire for fertility. IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Endometrial hyperplasias are precursors lesion in the pathogenesis of endometrium adenocarcinomas. There are two classification systems: World Health Organization System and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia system (WHO and EIN).What do the results of this study add? In this paper, we report on endometrial precancerous lesions. Controversy continues over the endometrial precancerous lesion classification. We also share our experiences in this regard. We concluded that the EIN system was superior in determining concurrent cancer risk.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and / or further research? The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of gynecology.It is important to clarify the classifications of precancerous lesions in order to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with endometrial precancerous lesions. In this context, it could be suggested to use the EIN system more widely.

Could the Long-Term Oncological Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer also Be Valid for the High-Intermediate- and High-Risk Patients? A Multi-Center Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group Study Conducted with 2745 Endometrial Cancer Cases. (TRSGO-End-001).

This study was conducted to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of laparotomy and laparoscopic surgeries in endometrial cancer under the light of the 2016 ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification system, with particular focus on the high-intermediate- and high-risk categories. Using multicentric databases between January 2005 and January 2016, disease-free and overall survivals of 2745 endometrial cancer cases were compared according to the surgery route (laparotomy vs. laparoscopy). The high-intermediate- and high-risk patients were defined with respect to the 2016 ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification system, and they were analyzed with respect to differences in survival rates. Of the 2745 patients, 1743 (63.5%) were operated by laparotomy, and the remaining were operated with laparoscopy. The total numbers of high-intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer cases were 734 (45%) patients in the laparotomy group and 307 (30.7%) patients in the laparoscopy group. Disease-free and overall survivals were not statistically different when compared between laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in terms of low-, intermediate-, high-intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer. In conclusion, regardless of the endometrial cancer risk category, long-term oncological outcomes of the laparoscopic approach were found to be comparable to those treated with laparotomy. Our results are encouraging to consider laparoscopic surgery for high-intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer cases.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: A very rare gynecologic malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognostic factors, outcome, and treatment of the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the endometrium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic and survival data of 10 patients who underwent surgery for NEC. The patients were collected between 1999 and 2017 from four referral centers in Turkey. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 67 years (range: 34-75 years). The NEC of endometrium consist of 9 cases with small cell carcinoma (SC) NEC (two with mixed histotypes), and one with a large cell (LC) NEC. According to FIGO 2009 criteria, 70 % (7/10) of patients had advanced stage (III and IV) disease. All patients except one underwent surgical staging, eight patients received platinum-based chemotherapy (CTX) and of 6 those were additionally treated with radiotherapy (RT). Four patients died of disease ranging from 2 to 10 months and six were alive 12-72 months with no evidence of disease. In addition, 4 SC NEC cases raised in polypoid features had no evidence of disease from 24 to 72 months. DISCUSSION: NEC of the endometrium is a rare disease with poor prognosis, which frequently diagnosed in advanced stages. The main treatment modality was the administration of platinum-based CTX as an adjuvant to surgery or surgery and RT. Our result suggests that the polypoid feature of the tumor might be one of the best predictors for the prognosis of SC NEC.

Adnexal masses in patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients undergone surgery for benign and metastatic adnexal masses during the surveillance of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A single institute retrospective study involving 90 patients diagnosed with CRC that undergone surgery at Hacettepe University Hospital between 2000-2018. Clinicopathological and survival data was obtained from hospital records. RESULTS: Elevated blood levels of CEA (HR, 1.23; 95 % CI: 1.03-1.24; p = 0.01), adnexal masses larger than 5 cm (HR, 3.296; 95 % CI: 1.527-7.076; p = 0.002), bilaterality of adnexal mass (HR, 2.200; 95 % CI: 2.464-11.969; p = 0.001) and high PCI score (HR, 0.150; 95 % CI: 0.044-0.479; p = 0.01) were found to be significantly associated with ovarian metastasis. There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS), with respect to complete and incomplete resection in adnexal surgery of ovarian metastasis (46.6 vs. 29.6 months; p = 0.004). The median survival time was 32.8 months for patients with ≤ 24 months interval time to adnexal metastasis surgery, and 48.5 months for patients with >24 months interval time to adnexal metastasis surgery (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that numerous clinicopathological variables such as bilaterality and size of adnexal mass, serum blood levels of CEA and PCI score may have a significant impact on the prediction and management of ovarian masses diagnosed during CRC surveillance. Complete resection and interval time to adnexal surgery is significantly associated with OS.

Cytoreductive surgery including distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy in advanced stage ovarian cancer: Two centers analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Complex procedures such as distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy (DPS) may be required for R0 resection in patients with ovarian cancer (OC). These procedures can increase survival and cause serious morbidity. We aimed to present our experience in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients who underwent DPS for OC between January 2004 and July 2018 in two centers (Hacettepe University Hospital, Etlik Hospital) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 310 min (220-570 min). None of the patients required transfusion. No perioperative mortality was observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 12 days (ranging from 8 to 33 days). The number of patients with early postoperative complications was four (30.7%). One of these patients was complicated by intestinal perforation, one with pancreatic fistula, one with pneumonia and the other with atelectasis. Other complications were observed conservatively. Ten patients underwent 6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy postoperatively. The median value of the postoperative chemotherapy period was 20 days (range 11-47 days). The median follow-up period was 46 months (2-144 months). Ten patients had recurrence. Eleven patients died of disease. Two patients are stil alive. Disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival were 16 and 63 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: DPS for cytoreductive surgery is a procedure that increases morbidity, but most of the complications can be treated conservatively. Considering the increase in survival, it is considered to be a valuable procedure in upper abdominal disease.

SATEN III-Splitting Adjuvant Treatment of stage III ENdometrial cancers: an international, multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to compare adjuvant treatment modalities and to determine prognostic factors in stage III endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: SATEN III was a retrospective study involving 13 centers from 10 countries. Patients who had been operated on between 1998 and 2018 and diagnosed with stage III endometrioid EC were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 990 women were identified; 317 with stage IIIA, 18 with stage IIIB, and 655 with stage IIIC diseases. The median follow-up was 42 months. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with stage III EC by adjuvant treatment modality was 68.5% for radiotherapy (RT), 54.6% for chemotherapy (CT), and 69.4% for chemoradiation (CRT) (p=0.11). The 5-year overall survival (OS) for those patients was 75.6% for RT, 75% for CT, and 80.7% for CRT (p=0.48). For patients with stage IIIA disease treated by RT versus CT versus CRT, the 5-year OS rates were 75.6%, 75.0%, and 80.7%, respectively (p=0.48). Negative peritoneal cytology (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.86; p=0.02) and performance of lymphadenectomy (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.77, p=0.001) were independent predictors for improved OS for stage IIIA EC. For women with stage IIIC EC treated by RT, CT, and CRT, the 5-year OS rates were 78.9%, 67.0%, and 69.8%, respectively (p=0.08). Independent prognostic factors for better OS for stage IIIC disease were age <60 (HR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.36 to 0.69, p<0.001), grade 1 or 2 disease (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.94, p=0.014; and HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.46 to 0.91, p=0.014, respectively), absence of cervical stromal involvement (HR: 063, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.86, p=0.004) and performance of para-aortic lymphadenectomy (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.72, p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Although not statistically significant, CRT seemed to be a better adjuvant treatment option for stage IIIA endometrioid EC. Systematic lymphadenectomy seemed to improve survival outcomes in stage III endometrioid EC.

Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary adult type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: Can routine lymphadenectomy be omitted?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis among patients with primary adult type granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) of the ovary. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 1982 and February 2017, patients with a pathological diagnosis of AGCT were identified. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from database records. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients with primary AGCT were identified with a mean age of 47.8 years (range, 17-91 years). 98 patients (64.9%) had stage IA, 24 (15.9%) had stage IC, 4 (2.6%) had stage IIB, 2 (1.3%) had stage IIIB, 6 (4.0%) had stage IIIC disease according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 1988 criteria. In the remaining 17 patients (11.3%), primary stage was not detected. In 134 (88.7%) patients, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed at primary staging surgery depending on the frozen section analysis or at re-staging surgery following initial diagnosis. In these patients, six (4.5%) of them had pelvic or paraaortic lymph node metastasis. The median number of lymph nodes removed was 43 (range, 10-96 lymph nodes). CONCLUSION: Lymph node metastasis in initially staged AGCT is rare. Routine pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection may be omitted in these patients.

Assessment of Cervicovaginal Cancer Antigen 125 Levels: A Preliminary Study for Endometrial Cancer Screening.

AIM: We primarily aimed to compare the levels of serum and cervicovaginal cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in women with and without endometrial carcinoma in order to reveal whether cervicovaginal CA 125 could be used as a non-invasive method. METHODS: A preliminary case-control study was designed. The study group consisted of patients who were operated for endometrial adenocarcinoma or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia. The control group consisted of patients who underwent surgery for benign gynecological diseases. Serum and cervicovaginal secretions were immediately collected before surgery to compare levels of CA 125. RESULTS: The mean cervicovaginal CA 125 levels in patients with endometrial cancer and controls were 1,598.1 ± 1,691.1 versus 947.0 ± 1,282.7 U/ml, respectively (p = 0.016). Whereas area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.62 for serum CA 125, it was 0.68 for cervicovaginal CA 125. The optimal threshold of CA 125 in cervicovaginal secretion was calculated to be 575 U/ml, which detected endometrial precancer or cancer with sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 57%. The positive and negative predictive values for this threshold were 38.7 and 88.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, detection of CA 125 in cervicovaginal secretion has a potential role for the non-invasive screening of endometrial precancers and cancers.

Radical Hysterectomy and Total Abdominal Vaginectomy for Primary Vaginal Cancer.

The aim of this surgical video is to demonstrate en bloc radical removal of uterus and vagina in a patient with clinical early-stage vaginal cancer. Surgical treatment was offered to our patient for clinical early-stage primary vaginal cancer. An en bloc radical hysterectomy, systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy, and total abdominal vaginectomy were performed. Postoperative adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy was not recommended for completely resected pathologic stage I disease with no lymph node involvement and negative surgical margins. Radical surgery can be a treatment option for selected patients with primary vaginal cancer.

Ganglioneuroma mimicking ovarian tumor: a report of a case and review of the ganglioneuromas.

INTRODUCTION: Ganglioneuroma is the most common tumor of the sympathetic nervous system in the adults. It occurs most commonly in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum and are almost always benign tumors in nature. CASE REPORT: Here, we report a case of the retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma mimicking an ovarian tumor in a 20 years old female patient.