Antioxidant and Antithrombotic Activities of Kenaf Seed (Hibiscus cannabinus) Coat Ethanol Extract in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in deadly lifestyle diseases, and antioxidants from plant sources are the primary option in the treatment regime. Kenaf seeds are the storehouse of potential natural antioxidant phytoconstituents. Perhaps, none of the studies documented the phytoconstituents and their antioxidant potential from Kenaf seed coat so far. Thus, the current study focuses on exploring the protective effect of Kenaf Seed Coat Ethanol Extract (KSCEE) against sodium nitrite and diclofenac-induced oxidative stress in vitro (red blood cell and platelets model) and in vivo (female Sprague Dawely rat's model) along with the antithrombotic activity. The infrared spectrophotometry data showed the heterogeneous functional groups (CH, OH, C = C, C = C-C) and aromatic rings. Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatogram of KSCEE also evidenced the presence of several phytochemicals. KSCEE displayed about 76% of DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 34.94 µg/ml. KSCEE significantly (***p < 0.001) normalized the stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in sodium nitrite and diclofenac-induced oxidative stress in RBC, platelets, liver, kidney, and small intestine, respectively. Furthermore, KSCEE was found to protect the diclofenac-induced tissue destruction of the liver, kidney, and small intestine obtained from seven groups of female Sprague Dawely rats. KSCEE delayed the clotting time of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma and activated partial thromboplastin time, suggesting its anticoagulant property. In addition, KSCEE also exhibited antiplatelet activity by inhibiting both adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. In conclusion, KSCEE ameliorates the sodium nitrite and diclofenac-induced oxidative stress in red blood cells, platelets, and experimental animals along with antithrombotic properties.

Caesalpinia crista coat extract protects red blood cell from sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress and exhibits antiplatelet activity.

: To understand the RBC protecting efficiency and antiplatelet activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista coat (MECCC). RBC-protecting activity of MECCC was evaluated using assays, such as DPPH, level of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, superoxide dismutase and catalase as a marker of oxidative stress whereas, platelet aggregation inhibition was performed using human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). MECCC showed about 76% of DPPH-scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 71.89 µg/ml. The MECCC reduced the level of lipid peroxidation and protein carboxylation in RBC caused by NaNO2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MECCC normalized the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in oxidative stress-induced RBC in a dose-dependent manner. This suggested the protective effect of MECCC on RBC against oxidative stress. Furthermore, MECCC also exhibited mild antiplatelet activity by inhibiting both ADP and epinephrine agonists that induced platelet aggregation. The noticed inhibition percentage was found to be 28 and 23%, respectively at the concentration of 150 µg. Interestingly, MECCC did not hydrolyse the RBC suggesting its nontoxic properties. MECCC possesses protective effect of RBC against NaNO2 (10 mmol/l) induce oxidative stress and inhibits platelet aggregation.