RESUMEN
Several cytokine genes may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to Behçet's Disease (BD), since the cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on the cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association of the IL-1 cluster gene polymorphisms with the development of BD was investigated in this study. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 97 patients with BD, and 77 healthy control subjects. All genotyping (IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-1R and IL-1Ra) experiments were performed using sequence specific primers PCR (PCR-SSP). When compared to the healthy controls, the frequencies of IL-1Ra IL-1α and IL-1R gene polymorphisms were not significantly different in BD patients. The frequency of IL-1ß-511 TT genotype was higher in the BD group in comparison to the control group. Interestingly, we demonstrated that IL-1 ß +3962 gene polymorphism seems to be associated with the presence of Erythema nodosum in BD patients. Our data suggest that polymorphisms in IL-1ß gene may affect host susceptibility to BD. In order to confirm the biological significance of our results, further studies should be performed in a large-scale study and/or in different ethnic groups.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Behçet/genética , Interleucina-1/genética , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo Genético , TurquíaRESUMEN
Several cytokine genes may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to Behçet's Disease (BD), because the cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on the cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association of the IL-4 and IL-4Rα gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to BD was investigated in this study. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 97 patients with BD and 76 healthy control subjects. All genotyping (IL-4 and IL-4Rα) experiments were performed using PCR sequence-specific primers. When compared with the healthy controls, the frequency of IL-4 -1098 TG and -590 CT genotypes was higher in the patients with BD. Analysis of allele frequencies showed that IL-4 -1098 G and IL-4 -590 T alleles were more common in the patients with BD when compared with healthy controls. Also, IL-4 TTC and haplotypes were found to confer BD. Interestingly, we demonstrated that IL-4Rα gene polymorphism seems to be associated with the Pathergy test positivity in patients with BD. Our data suggest that IL-4 gene promoter polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to BD and increase risk of developing the disease. However, in order to confirm and assess the association of IL-4 and IL-4Rα gene polymorphisms with the BD, large cohort studies are needed.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Behçet/genética , Síndrome de Behçet/inmunología , Interleucina-4/genética , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Síndrome de Behçet/epidemiología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , ADN/química , ADN/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Prevalencia , Receptores de Interleucina-4/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-4/inmunología , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating psychotic mental disorder that affects about 1% of the world's population. Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia. Hyperprolactinemia, which is a common side effect of typical antipsychotics, is also associated with the use of some of the newer atypical agents. Antipsychotics may enhance prolactinoma growth as manifested by an increase in serum prolactin concentration. Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas possibly related with antipsychotics have been described in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first series of cases showing a possible relation between pituitary adenomas and amisulpride treatment in patients with schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Hiperprolactinemia/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/inducido químicamente , Prolactinoma/inducido químicamente , Sulpirida/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Amisulprida , Encéfalo/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prolactina/sangre , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Sulpirida/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Yawning, frequent in daily life, is accepted as a complex arousal reflex. Excessive yawning may be due to neurological, psychiatric, infectious, gastrointestinal or metabolic diseases. This reflex has also been associated with different selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We report a female patient, with excessive yawning, who was on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment with the diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder. She was then found to have endometrial carcinoma. Her complaints of palpitation, shortness of breath and loss of energy might be explained by a psychiatric disease and/or anaemia. Previous anaemic periods and partial response of her psychiatric symptoms during last 3 years alerted us to think about an organic cause. Investigations for chronic disease anaemia resulted in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. This case is a good example showing misdiagnosis caused by medical stigmatisation.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/etiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/complicaciones , Carcinoma Endometrioide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/efectos adversos , Bostezo , Anciano , Trastornos de Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Endometrioide/complicaciones , Enfermedad Crónica , Errores Diagnósticos , Neoplasias Endometriales/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
QTc interval prolongation may appear as a consequence of both typical and atypical antipsychotic treatments. Ziprasidone, which is effective in treating schizophrenia, is associated with QTc prolongation. Although the prolongation of QTc with ziprasidone treatment is often pronounced, there is a scarce number of cases reported about the relationship between ziprasidone and QTc prolongation. Of the three cases presented in this case series, two cases showed values exceeding 0.50 s with ziprasidone treatment.
