RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large-vessel occlusion within 6 h of symptom onset to treatment initiation (OTP). Recent trials have extended the therapeutic time window for MT to within 24 h. However, MT treatment remains low in remote areas. Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan has many inhabited islands with no neurointerventionalists. Our hospital on the mainland is a regional hub for eight island hospitals. We evaluated clinical outcomes of MT for patients with AIS on these islands versus on the mainland. METHODS: During 2014-2019, we reviewed consecutive patients with AIS who received MT at our hospital. Patients comprised the Islands group and Mainland group. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: We included 91 patients (Islands group: 15 patients, Mainland group: 76 patients). Seven patients (46.7%) in the Islands group versus 43 (56.6%) in the Mainland group achieved favorable outcomes. Successful recanalization was obtained in 11 patients (73.3%) on the islands and 67 (88.2%) on the mainland. The median OTP time in the Islands was 365 min. In both the Islands and Mainland groups, the OTP time and successful recanalization were associated with functional outcome. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days ≤2 was obtained in two patients and mRS = 3 in four patients among eight patients with OTP time >6 h. CONCLUSIONS: Few patients with AIS on remote islands have received MT. Although patients who underwent MT on the islands had longer OTP, the clinical outcomes were acceptable. OTP time on remote islands must be shortened, as this is related to functional outcome. In some cases with successful recanalization, a favorable outcome can still be obtained even after 6 h. Even if OTP exceeds 6 h, it is desirable to appropriately select patients and actively perform MT.
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Ambulancias Aéreas , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/cirugía , Trombectomía , Transporte de Pacientes , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Islas , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Our hospital, located on the mainland, serves as a hub center for nine hospitals on the remote islands of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. There are no stroke specialists on these islands. We can transfer emergency patients from these islands to our hospital at any time, using a teleradiology system and three types of helicopter transport. We examined the efficacy of the drip and ship (DS) method for treating patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on these islands, in comparison with patients on the mainland. From 2010 to 2017, we reviewed 98 consecutive patients with AIS who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) in our hospital or were transported to our hospital after IV rt-PA. Patients were divided into the Islands group (received IV rt-PA on the islands, DS; 31 cases) and the Mainland group (67 cases). The median transport distance from the islands was 112 km. The rate of patients achieving favorable outcomes was 54.8% in the Islands group and 64.2% in the Mainland group, with no significant differences. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients living on isolated islands did not have increased risks of unfavorable outcomes. Endovascular therapy (EVT), as part of the drip, ship, and retrieve method, was performed in 22.6% of patients in the Islands group and EVT in 38.8% of those in the Mainland group. The DS method seems feasible and safe for patients living on isolated islands with the use of 24-h helicopter transportation and teleradiology.
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Ambulancias Aéreas , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia/métodos , Telerradiología/métodos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Transporte de Pacientes/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Japón , Masculino , Neuroimagen/métodos , Islas del Pacífico , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Riesgo , Tiempo de Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Cancer-specific cell-surface antigens are ideal targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy but are likely to have previously been identified in transcriptome or proteome analyses. Here, we show that the active conformer of an integrin can serve as a specific therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). We screened >10,000 anti-MM mAb clones and identified MMG49 as an MM-specific mAb specifically recognizing a subset of integrin ß7 molecules. The MMG49 epitope, in the N-terminal region of the ß7 chain, is predicted to be inaccessible in the resting integrin conformer but exposed in the active conformation. Elevated expression and constitutive activation of integrin ß7 conferred high MMG49 reactivity on MM cells, whereas MMG49 binding was scarcely detectable in other cell types including normal integrin ß7+ lymphocytes. T cells transduced with MMG49-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) exerted anti-MM effects without damaging normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, MMG49 CAR T cell therapy is promising for MM, and a receptor protein with a rare but physiologically relevant conformation can serve as a cancer immunotherapy target.
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Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/química , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células K562 , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Ratones Transgénicos , Mieloma Múltiple/inmunología , Mieloma Múltiple/metabolismo , Conformación Proteica , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/trasplante , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Mechanical thrombectomy with a stent retriever has been reported to achieve high rates of successful recanalization, and reduce disability and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to proximal vessel occlusion. However, in a few cases, the treatment is difficult due to artery tortuosity or other factors. The authors present a case of a 94-year-old man presenting with acute right middle cerebral artery occlusion. We attempted to treat using a stent retriever via transfemoral approach, but failed to advance the guiding catheter into the right internal carotid artery due to femoral artery tortuosity and a type III arch. By changing approaches from transfemoral to transbrachial and by using TrevoProVue through a 4.2 Fr Simmons-type catheter without a guiding catheter, we were able to achieve rapid recanalization in only 26 minutes from brachial artery puncture to reperfusion. In conclusion, rapid reperfusion in an AIS patient was successfully achieved by combining a stent retriever with a 4.2 Fr catheter (without a guiding catheter) and a transbrachial approach (as opposed to a transfemoral approach). When the transfemoral approach is not feasible, we recommend consideration of this strategy as an alternative.
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We report the first case of two de novo miniature aneurysms(ruptured/unruptured)emerging from the infundibular dilatation(ID)of the callosomarginal artery, which branches from the infracallosal(A2)segment of the azygos anterior cerebral artery(AACA), in a 36-year-old woman. The patient had previously been diagnosed with a miniature, unruptured aneurysm, occurring in the A2 segment of the AACA, detected by CT angiography(CTA)at another hospital two years ago, and had been followed up with MR angiography(MRA)every 6 months. Three months after the final check-up with MRA, which did not indicate a significant change in the aneurysm, the patient presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subsequent CTA and digital subtraction angiograms revealed that the right callosomarginal artery, originating from the apex of the aneurysmal bulge, had a maximal diameter of 3mm, indicating an ID of the artery. Additionally, two miniature bleb-like aneurysms emerged from the ID, projecting in opposite directions:one projecting to the right-posterior/superior direction and the other to the left-anterior/inferior direction. Both aneurysms were successfully clipped via a right pterional approach with partial resection of the gyrus rectus, and the right-projecting aneurysm was confirmed to be ruptured during surgery. In the current report, we review previously reported cases of AACA with aneurysms, and discuss their clinical characteristics, and the possible mechanisms underlying the formation of the ID and de novo aneurysms in this extremely rare case.
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Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Aneurisma Roto/cirugía , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/cirugía , Angiografía Cerebral , Dilatación , Femenino , Humanos , Procedimientos NeuroquirúrgicosRESUMEN
A 55-year-old man presented with difficulty breathing, chest pain, and disturbance of consciousness, and was transferred to our hospital. Initial whole body CT revealed a diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)with severe pulmonary edema that was considered neurogenic in origin. He received controlled ventilation under sedation and conservative care for the SAH. One day after the onset of the SAH, his left pupil suddenly became dilated to 6mm, with no reaction to light. Head CT showed no new bleeding. Subsequent CT angiogram revealed a right internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm(IC-PC AN)with a posterior-lateral projection; however, no vessel abnormality was observed in the left anterior or posterior circulations. The aneurysm was successfully treated with coil embolization. We reviewed reported cases of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy(ONP), without direct compression by ruptured aneurysms, and found that only 11 cases exist, including our case. Interestingly, six of them were associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysms. A mass effect, chemical stimulation, and a jet stream of blood were proposed as the mechanisms of this rare type of ONP, in addition to the specific neurovascular relationships between the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral/posterior communicating/superior cerebellar arteries, with abnormal nerve contact or compression. Though rare, ruptured IC-PC ANs could cause contralateral ONP; other types of ruptured aneurysms may also lead to indirect effects on nervous structures without direct compression. This type of rare presentation of ruptured aneurysms should be considered, especially in cases of multiple aneurysms, such as IC-PC ANs.
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Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Nervio Oculomotor/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Roto/etiología , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Nervio Oculomotor/etiología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/etiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Approximately 8-17 % of patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), with 11-20 % developing metastases. Tumor grade is predictive of prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were associated with metastatic disease and tumor grade. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with VHL-associated PNETs prospectively underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). MTV, TLG, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were measured using a semi-automatic method. Surgically resected PNETs were classified according to 2010 World Health Organization tumor grade classification. MTV, TLG, and SUVmax were analyzed by metastatic disease and tumor grade using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: A total of 88 PNETs were identified by CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT, 10 of which were non-FDG-avid. Histologic grading was available for 20 surgical patients. Patients with metastatic PNETs had a higher TLG (median 25.9 vs. 7.7 mean SUV [SUVmean]*mL; p = 0.0092) compared with patients without metastasis, while patients with grade 2 PNETs had a higher MTV (median 6.9 vs. 2.6 mL; p = 0.034) and TLG (median 41.2 vs. 13.1 SUVmean*mL; p = 0.0035) compared with patients with grade 1 PNETs. No difference in tumor size or SUVmax was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with metastatic PNETs have a higher TLG compared with patients without metastasis. Grade 2 PNETs have a higher MTV and TLG compared with grade 1 PNETs. Tumor size and SUVmax were not associated with grade. Volumetric parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful in detecting higher grade PNETs with a higher malignant potential that may need surgical intervention.
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Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/secundario , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Glucólisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/metabolismo , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/cirugía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Periodo Preoperatorio , Radiofármacos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive cancer, and no current effective therapy is available for locally advanced and metastatic ACC. Drug repurposing is an emerging approach for identifying new indications for existing drugs, especially for rare cancers such as ACC. The objective of this study was to use quantitative high-throughput screening to identify agents with antineoplastic activity against ACC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A screening of 4,292 compounds was performed on three ACC cell lines: BD140A, SW-13, and NCI-H295R. RESULTS: Twenty-one active compounds were identified, with an efficacy of >80% in all three cell lines. Of these, niclosamide showed higher efficacy and lower IC50 than established anti-ACC drugs. We then validated niclosamide-inhibited cellular proliferation in all three ACC cell lines. Next, we investigated the mechanism by which niclosamide inhibited ACC cell proliferation, and found that it induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and G1 cell-cycle arrest. Niclosamide also decreased cellular migration and reduced the level of mediators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as N-cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, niclosamide treatment resulted in decreased expression of ß-catenin. We also evaluated the effect of niclosamide on energy metabolism in ACC cell lines and found it resulted in mitochondrial uncoupling. Niclosamide treatment inhibited ACC tumor growth with no observed toxicity in mice in vivo CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that niclosamide has anti-ACC activity through its inhibition of multiple altered cellular pathways and cellular metabolism in ACC. Our results provide a preclinical rationale for evaluating niclosamide therapy in a clinical trial for ACC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3458-66. ©2016 AACR.
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Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Niclosamida/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Caspasas/metabolismo , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Fase G1/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto/métodos , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but lethal malignancy with few reliable prognostic markers. FDG-PET metabolic parameters have been shown to predict survival in several cancers. The objective was to determine if metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) could serve as prognostic markers in patients with ACC. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with ACC prospectively underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT prior to treatment. Whole body MTV, TLG, and SUVmax were measured by a semiautomatic method. A median cutoff was used to determine an association with overall survival (OS) from the time of 18F-FDG PET/CT by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Patients with high whole body MTV (>87.0 mL),TLG (>229.4 SUVlbm*mL), or SUVmax (>8.9 SUV) had a worse OS compared with those with low whole body MTV (median OS, 24 vs 45.1 months, p < .01), TLG (median OS, 24 vs 40.3 months, p < .005), or SUVmax (median OS, 23.7 vs 35.5 months, p < .02). In patients who had operable disease (n = 23), high whole body MTV (>87.0 mL) and TLG (>229.4 SUVlbm*mL) had a worse OS compared with those with low whole body MTV (median OS, 25.1 vs 45.1 months, p < .05) and TLG (median OS, 25.1 vs 40.3 months, p < .05), but a high SUVmax (>8.9 SUV) was not associated with worse OS (p = .11). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ACC and a high whole body MTV, TLG, and SUVmax have a worse prognosis and OS. Measurement of whole body MTV and TLG may be helpful for guiding therapy for patients with ACC.
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Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/mortalidad , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/mortalidad , Glucólisis , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Carga Tumoral , Imagen de Cuerpo Entero/métodos , Adolescente , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Corteza Suprarrenal/terapia , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/metabolismo , Carcinoma Corticosuprarrenal/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias Óseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Óseas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/farmacocinética , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Distribución Tisular , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
IFN-ε is a unique type I IFN whose constitutive expression in lung, brain, small intestine, and reproductive tissues is only partially understood. Our previous observation that posttranscriptional events participate in the regulation of IFN-ε mRNA expression led us to investigate whether the 5' and/or 3' untranslated regions (UTR) have regulatory functions. Surprisingly, we found that full-length IFN-ε 5'UTR markedly suppressed mRNA expression under basal conditions. Analysis of the secondary structure of this region predicted formation of two stable stem-loop structures, loops 1 and 2. Studies using luciferase constructs harboring various stretches of IFN-ε 5'UTR and mutant constructs in which the conformation of loop structures was disrupted showed that loop 1 is essential for regulation of mRNA expression. Incubation of HeLa cell extracts with agarose-bound RNAs harboring IFN-ε loop structures identified importin 9 (IPO9), a molecular transporter and chaperone, as a candidate that associates with these regions of the 5'UTR. IPO9 overexpression decreased, and IPO9 silencing increased basal IFN-ε expression. Our studies uncover a previously undescribed function for IPO9 as a specific, and negative, posttranscriptional regulator of IFN-ε expression, and they identify key roles for IFN-ε stem-loop structure 1 in this process. IPO9-mediated effects on 5'UTRs appear to extend to additional mRNAs, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, that can form specific loop structures.
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Regiones no Traducidas 5'/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Interferones/genética , Secuencias Invertidas Repetidas/genética , Carioferinas/fisiología , Interferencia de ARN , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Secuencia de Consenso , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Genes Reporteros , Células HeLa , Humanos , Interferones/biosíntesis , Carioferinas/genética , Mamíferos/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Estabilidad del ARN , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Interferente Pequeño/farmacología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have implicated several genes in the predisposition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Caucasian or African American populations, the genes that confer susceptibility to CKD in Asian populations remain to be identified definitively. We performed a GWAS to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to CKD in Japanese individuals. METHODS: 3851 Japanese individuals from three independent subject panels were examined. Subject panels A, B, and C comprised 252, 910, and 190 individuals with CKD and 249, 838, and 1412 controls, respectively. A GWAS for CKD was performed in subject panel A. RESULTS: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 3q28, ALPK1, FAM78B, and UMODL1 were significantly (false discovery rate<0.05) associated with CKD by the GWAS. The relation of these five SNPs and of an additional 22 SNPs at these loci to CKD was examined in subject panel B, revealing that rs9846911 at 3q28 was significantly associated with CKD in all individuals and that rs2074381 and rs2074380 in ALPK1 were associated with CKD in individuals with diabetes mellitus. These three SNPs were further examined in subject panel C, revealing that rs2074381 and rs2074380 were significantly associated with CKD. For subject panels B and C combined, rs9846911 was significantly associated with CKD in all individuals and rs2074381 and rs2074380 were associated with CKD in diabetic individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosome 3q28 may be a susceptibility locus for CKD in Japanese individuals, and ALPK1 may be a susceptibility gene for CKD in such individuals with diabetes mellitus.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 3/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Proteínas Quinasas/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Femenino , Genotipo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Propolis is a bee product with various biological properties, including an antiviral activity when taken orally. However, its mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level are not well understood. RESULTS: We investigated the effect of propolis on antiviral signaling in A549 cells transfected with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a model for viral infection. Pretreatment of the cells with propolis inhibited poly I:C (synthetic dsRNA)-induced interferon (IFN)-ß expression. Propolis had no effect on the dsRNA-induced expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which are known as intracellular viral RNA sensors. As to the effect on antiviral executor genes, propolis enhanced myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) expression, whereas interferon-inducible gene 6-16 (G1P3) and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) were unaffected. All of these genes belong to the IFN-inducible genes, suggesting that the effect of propolis on antiviral signaling is not necessarily mediated by the autocrine regulation by IFN-ß. Propolis pretreatment inhibited dsRNA-induced interleukin-8 (IL8) and CCL5 expression, and consequently lowered polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic activity in the cell-conditioned medium. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that propolis may suppress excess inflammatory responses without affecting the innate immunity during viral infection.