Inferior Oblique Overaction: Anterior Transposition Versus Myectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition for correcting inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 56 patients with IOOA who had either myectomy or anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle from 2010 to 2015. The authors compared preoperative and postoperative inferior oblique muscle function grading (-4 to +4) as the main outcome measure and vertical and horizontal deviation, dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and A- and V-pattern between the two surgical groups as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 99 eyes of 56 patients with a mean age of 5.9 ± 6.5 years were included (47 eyes in the myectomy group and 52 eyes in the anterior transposition group). There were no differences in preoperative best corrected visual acuity, amblyopia, spherical equivalent, and primary versus secondary IOOA between the two groups. Both surgical procedures were effective in reducing IOOA and satisfactory results were similar between the two groups: 61.7% and 67.3% in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively (P = .56). After adjustment for the preoperative DVD, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups postoperatively. The preoperative hypertropia was 6 to 14 and 6 to 18 prism diopters (PD) in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively. After surgery, no patient had a vertical deviation greater than 5 PD. CONCLUSIONS: Both the inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition procedures are effective in reducing IOOA with similar satisfactory results. DVD and hypertropia were also corrected similarly by these two surgical procedures. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;54(4):232-237.].

Successful Management of Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis with Anthelmintics, and Intravitreal Triamcinolone followed by Laser Photocoagulation.

PURPOSE: Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), a form of posterior uveitis, is secondary to the presence of a highly motile nematode in the intraretinal or subretinal space. Herein, we report a case of DUSN that was successfully managed by an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone and laser therapy. CASE REPORT: A middle-aged man with complaint of decreased vision and marked unilateral vitritis and neuroretinitis. Fluorescein angiography revealed disc leakage, vessel wall staining, and diffuse track-like transmission defects of the RPE. Optical coherence tomography confirmed the subretinal location of the worm. The patient received oral thiabendazole and an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. After 10 days, media haziness decreased, and a live motile subretinal worm was identified. Direct laser photocoagulation was performed to destroy the worm. After two months, a localized chorioretinal scar developed and no further active inflammation and subretinal worms were detected. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal steroids can be used safely in cases with DUSN and may help detect the causative worm for applying laser photocoagulation.

Best disease associated with macular hole.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy complicated by macular hole. METHODS: History and clinical examination, electroretinogram, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: We report a case of a 20-year-old boy with progressive visual loss in his left eye. In fundus examination, there was a typical vitelliform lesion in the right eye and a macular hole in the left eye. The electroretinogram Arden ratio was <1.1 in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed deposition of hyperreflective material and hyporeflective area between the junction of the inner segment and outer segment of the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium in the right eye, and large full-thickness macular hole with cystoid changes in the retinal layers in the left eye. There was no associated retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: Although extremely rare, macular hole should be considered as a cause of the significant visual loss in patients with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy.

The comparison between the efficacy of high dose acyclovir and erythromycin on the period and signs of pitiriasis rosea.

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis Rosea (PR) is an acute inflammatory and self-limiting skin disorder, sometimes with troublesome symptoms. To date, there are few treatments available for this disorder. AIM: Compare the traditional treatment with erythromycin to a newly introduced antiviral treatment acyclovir for PR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of PR, matching our exclusion criteria, were enrolled. They were randomized in two groups that received high-dose oral acyclovir or erythromycin. The participants were evaluated two, four, and eight weeks after commencement of the study and followed for one year. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients including 15 males and 15 females completed the study. After eight weeks, 13 patients in the acyclovir group experienced complete response, while in the erythromycin group only six patients had complete response (P < 0.05). Also, patients in the acyclovir group experienced faster resolution of pruritus in comparison with the erythromycin group (not significant). No adverse drug reaction was detected in both groups. CONCLUSION: It seemed that a high-dose of oral acyclovir was a safe and effective therapy for PR, although this remained to be confirmed in larger studies.