A Critical Review of Icosapent Ethyl in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction.

Icosapent ethyl (IPE) was the first fish oil product the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults. IPE is an esterified version of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and acts as a prodrug in the body to exert its effects. IPE affects the body primarily through triglyceride (TG) reduction and was initially indicated for hypertriglyceridemia in addition to statin therapy or for patients with statin intolerances. Various studies have investigated this agent, and multiple subanalyses have been conducted since the FDA approval. These subanalyses have assessed factors such as sex, statin therapy, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hs-CRP), and various inflammatory biomarkers in groups of patients taking IPE. This article aims to provide a critical review of the clinical data available regarding cardiovascular benefits of IPE in patients with ASCVD and its value as a treatment option for patients with elevated TG levels.

Imeglimin in type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease most often characterized by increased glucose levels. When blood glucose levels are inadequately controlled or left untreated, the result is a variety of microvascular and macrovascular complications. To prevent these outcomes, many medications are available to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus and prevent disease progression. However, most of the medications available to date only target a few of the physiological defects caused by diabetes and may come with side effects that make adherence to the medication improbable. Imeglimin, a medication currently under investigation in the United States and approved in Japan, is a novel, first-in-its-class medication with a mechanism that is currently understood to target multiple pathways to provide glycemic control. This review aims to present and discuss the current clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to imeglimin.