Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 169
Filtrar
1.
Compr Psychiatry ; 134: 152510, 2024 Jun 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38941871

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) is common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians is that PTD is short-lived and mild, with at most a few tics, and rarely includes complex tics, premonitory phenomena or comorbid illnesses. However, such conclusions come from clinical experience, with biased ascertainment and limited follow-up. METHODS: Prospective study of 89 children with tics starting 0-9 months ago (median 4 months), fewer than half from clinical sources. Follow-up at 12 (± 24, 36, 48) months after the first tic. RESULTS: At study entry, many children had ADHD (39), an anxiety disorder (27), OCD (9) or enuresis (17). All had at least two current tics, with a mean total since onset of 6.9 motor and 2.0 phonic tics. Forty-one had experienced a complex tic, and 69 could suppress some tics. Tics were clinically meaningful: 64 had tics severe enough for a clinical trial, and 76 families sought medical attention for the tics. At 12 months, 79 returned, and 78 still had tics. Of these, 29 manifested no tics during history and extended examination, but only via audio-visual monitoring when the child was seated alone. Only 12/70 now had plans to see a doctor for tics. Most who returned at 2-4 years still had tics known to the child and family, but medical impact was low. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not contradict previous data, but overturn clinical lore. The data strongly argue against the longstanding but arbitrary tradition of separating tic disorders into recent-onset versus chronic.

2.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 45(7): e26684, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703090

RESUMEN

Human studies of early brain development have been limited by extant neuroimaging methods. MRI scanners present logistical challenges for imaging young children, while alternative modalities like functional near-infrared spectroscopy have traditionally been limited by image quality due to sparse sampling. In addition, conventional tasks for brain mapping elicit low task engagement, high head motion, and considerable participant attrition in pediatric populations. As a result, typical and atypical developmental trajectories of processes such as language acquisition remain understudied during sensitive periods over the first years of life. We evaluate high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) imaging combined with movie stimuli for high resolution optical neuroimaging in awake children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. We built an HD-DOT system with design features geared towards enhancing both image quality and child comfort. Furthermore, we characterized a library of animated movie clips as a stimulus set for brain mapping and we optimized associated data analysis pipelines. Together, these tools could map cortical responses to movies and contained features such as speech in both adults and awake young children. This study lays the groundwork for future research to investigate response variability in larger pediatric samples and atypical trajectories of early brain development in clinical populations.


Asunto(s)
Mapeo Encefálico , Encéfalo , Tomografía Óptica , Humanos , Tomografía Óptica/métodos , Femenino , Niño , Masculino , Preescolar , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Lactante , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Películas Cinematográficas , Adulto Joven
4.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(4)2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38664864

RESUMEN

The Simple View of Reading model suggests that intact language processing and word decoding lead to proficient reading comprehension, with recent studies pointing at executive functions as an important component contributing to reading proficiency. Here, we aimed to determine the underlying mechanism(s) for these changes. Participants include 120 8- to 12-year-old children (n = 55 with dyslexia, n = 65 typical readers) trained on an executive functions-based reading program, including pre/postfunctional MRI and behavioral data collection. Across groups, improved word reading was related to stronger functional connections within executive functions and sensory networks. In children with dyslexia, faster and more accurate word reading was related to stronger functional connections within and between sensory networks. These results suggest greater synchronization of brain systems after the intervention, consistent with the "neural noise" hypothesis in children with dyslexia and support the consideration of including executive functions as part of the Simple View of Reading model.


Asunto(s)
Dislexia , Función Ejecutiva , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Lectura , Humanos , Niño , Dislexia/fisiopatología , Dislexia/psicología , Dislexia/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología
5.
Netw Neurosci ; 7(4): 1452-1482, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38144685

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a computerized executive functions (EFs)-based reading intervention on neural circuits supporting EFs and visual attention. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analysis was conducted focusing on large-scale attention system brain networks, during an fMRI reading fluency task. Participants were 8- to 12-year-old English-speaking children with dyslexia (n = 43) and typical readers (n = 36) trained on an EFs-based reading training (n = 40) versus math training (n = 39). Training duration was 8 weeks. After the EFs-based reading intervention, children with dyslexia improved their scores in reading rate and visual attention (compared to math intervention). Neurobiologically, children with dyslexia displayed an increase in functional connectivity strength after the intervention between the cingulo-opercular network and occipital and precentral regions. Noteworthy, the functional connectivity indices between these brain regions showed a positive correlation with speed of processing and visual attention scores in both pretest and posttest. The results suggest that reading improvement following an EFs-based reading intervention involves neuroplastic connectivity changes in brain areas related to EFs and primary visual processing in children with dyslexia. Our results highlight the need for training underlying cognitive abilities supporting reading, such as EFs and visual attention, in order to enhance reading abilities in dyslexia.

6.
Int J Part Ther ; 10(1): 32-42, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37823016

RESUMEN

Purpose: Pediatric brain tumor patients often experience significant cognitive sequelae. Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) provides a measure of brain network organization, and we hypothesize that pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton therapy will demonstrate abnormal brain network architecture related to cognitive outcome and radiation dosimetry. Participants and Methods: Pediatric brain tumor patients treated with proton therapy were enrolled on a prospective study of cognitive assessment using the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Domain. rsfMRI was obtained in participants able to complete unsedated MRI. Brain system segregation (BSS), a measure of brain network architecture, was calculated for the whole brain, the high-level cognition association systems, and the sensory-motor systems. Results: Twenty-six participants were enrolled in the study for cognitive assessment, and 18 completed rsfMRI. There were baseline cognitive deficits in attention and inhibition and processing speed prior to radiation with worsening performance over time in multiple domains. Average BSS across the whole brain was significantly decreased in participants compared with healthy controls (1.089 and 1.101, respectively; P = 0.001). Average segregation of association systems was significantly lower in participants than in controls (P < 0.001) while there was no difference in the sensory motor networks (P = 0.70). Right hippocampus dose was associated with worse attention and inhibition (P < 0.05) and decreased segregation in the dorsal attention network (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher mean dose to the right hippocampus correlated with worse dorsal attention network segregation and worse attention and inhibition cognitive performance. Patients demonstrated alterations in brain network organization of association systems measured with rsfMRI; however, somatosensory system segregation was no different from healthy children. Further work with preradiation rsfMRI is needed to assess the effects of surgery and presence of a tumor on brain network architecture.

7.
Cortex ; 168: 62-75, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37660660

RESUMEN

The asynchrony theory of dyslexia postulates weaker visual (orthographical processing) and auditory (phonological processing) network synchrony in dyslexic readers. The weaker visual-auditory network synchronization is suggested to contribute to slow processing speed, which supports cognitive control, contributing to single-word reading difficulty and lower reading fluency. The current study aims to determine the neurobiological signature for this theory and to examine if prompting enhanced reading speed through deleted text is associated with a greater synchronization of functional connectivity of the visual and auditory networks in children with dyslexia and typical readers (TRs). We further aimed to determine if the change in visual-auditory connectivity prompted by deleted text is associated with reading fluency and processing speed abilities. Nineteen children with dyslexia and 21 typical readers ages 8-12 years old participated in a fMRI under two types of reading conditions: a still text condition and deleted text condition, in which letters was sequentially deleted from the screen. Effects of diagnostic group and condition on functional connectivity (FC) of visual and auditory networks were examined. Results revealed a significant overall effect of condition with a marginally significant Group × Condition interaction, such that as compared with TRs, children with dyslexia showed a significantly greater increase in visual-auditory FC between the still and deleted text conditions. Additionally, for children with dyslexia, this FC increase was significantly correlated with better reading fluency and verbal/nonverbal processing speed. These results support a relationship between the synchronization of the visual and auditory networks, fluent reading and increased speed of processing abilities in children with dyslexia, which can help guide fluency-based intervention strategies.

8.
Brain Imaging Behav ; 17(6): 689-701, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37695507

RESUMEN

Survivors of pediatric brain tumors experience significant cognitive deficits from their diagnosis and treatment. The exact mechanisms of cognitive injury are poorly understood, and validated predictors of long-term cognitive outcome are lacking. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging allows for the study of the spontaneous fluctuations in bulk neural activity, providing insight into brain organization and function. Here, we evaluated cognitive performance and functional network architecture in pediatric brain tumor patients. Forty-nine patients (7-18 years old) with a primary brain tumor diagnosis underwent resting state imaging during regularly scheduled clinical visits. All patients were tested with a battery of cognitive assessments. Extant data from 139 typically developing children were used as controls. We found that obtaining high-quality imaging data during routine clinical scanning was feasible. Functional network organization was significantly altered in patients, with the largest disruptions observed in patients who received propofol sedation. Awake patients demonstrated significant decreases in association network segregation compared to controls. Interestingly, there was no difference in the segregation of sensorimotor networks. With a median follow-up of 3.1 years, patients demonstrated cognitive deficits in multiple domains of executive function. Finally, there was a weak correlation between decreased default mode network segregation and poor picture vocabulary score. Future work with longer follow-up, longitudinal analyses, and a larger cohort will provide further insight into this potential predictor.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Trastornos del Conocimiento , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Cognición , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/patología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen
9.
Ann Neurol ; 94(6): 1005-1007, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37755722

RESUMEN

Recent insights into the frequency of occurrence and the genetic and mechanistic basis of nervous system disease have demonstrated that neurologic disorders occur as a spectrum across all ages. To meet future needs of patients with neurologic disease of all ages and prepare for increasing implementaton of precision therapies, greater integration of child and adult neurology residency training is needed. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1005-1007.


Asunto(s)
Internado y Residencia , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Neurología , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Neurología/educación , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/genética , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/terapia
10.
Cereb Cortex ; 33(15): 9250-9262, 2023 07 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37293735

RESUMEN

The thalamus is a critical relay center for neural pathways involving sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, including cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical and cortico-ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops. Despite the importance of these circuits, their development has been understudied. One way to investigate these pathways in human development in vivo is with functional connectivity MRI, yet few studies have examined thalamo-cortical and cerebello-cortical functional connectivity in development. Here, we used resting-state functional connectivity to measure functional connectivity in the thalamus and cerebellum with previously defined cortical functional networks in 2 separate data sets of children (7-12 years old) and adults (19-40 years old). In both data sets, we found stronger functional connectivity between the ventral thalamus and the somatomotor face cortical functional network in children compared with adults, extending previous cortico-striatal functional connectivity findings. In addition, there was more cortical network integration (i.e. strongest functional connectivity with multiple networks) in the thalamus in children than in adults. We found no developmental differences in cerebello-cortical functional connectivity. Together, these results suggest different maturation patterns in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical and cortico-ponto-cerebellar-thalamo-cortical pathways.


Asunto(s)
Cerebelo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Estriado
11.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 60: 101198, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36652896

RESUMEN

Executive Functions (EF) is an umbrella term for a set of mental processes geared towards goal-directed behavior supporting academic skills such as reading abilities. One of the brain's functional networks implicated in EF is the Default Mode Network (DMN). The current study uses measures of inhibitory control, a main sub-function of EF, to create cognitive and neurobiological "inhibitory control profiles" and relate them to reading abilities in a large sample (N = 5055) of adolescents aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Using a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) approach, data related to inhibitory control was divided into four inhibition classes. For each class, functional connectivity within the DMN was calculated from resting-state data, using a non-parametric algorithm for detecting group similarities. These inhibitory control profiles were then related to reading abilities. The four inhibitory control groups showed significantly different reading abilities, with neurobiologically different DMN segregation profiles for each class versus controls. The current study demonstrates that a community sample of children is not entirely homogeneous and is composed of different subgroups that can be differentiated both behaviorally/cognitively and neurobiologically, by focusing on inhibitory control and the DMN. Educational implications relating these results to reading abilities are noted.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Cognición , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos
12.
Front Neurosci ; 16: 951907, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36300171

RESUMEN

Task-based functional MRI (fMRI) has greatly improved understanding of brain functioning, enabling the identification of brain areas associated with specific cognitive operations. Traditional analyses are limited to associating activation patterns in particular regions with specific cognitive operation, largely ignoring regional cross-talk or dynamic connectivity, which we propose is crucial for characterization of brain function in the context of task fMRI. We use connectotyping, which efficiently models functional brain connectivity to reveal the progression of temporal brain connectivity patterns in task fMRI. Connectotyping was employed on data from twenty-four participants (12 male, mean age 24.8 years, 2.57 std. dev) who performed a widely spaced event-related fMRI word vs. pseudoword decision task, where stimuli were presented every 20 s. After filtering for movement, we ended up with 15 participants that completed each trial and had enough usable data for our analyses. Connectivity matrices were calculated per participant across time for each stimuli type. A Repeated Measures ANOVA applied on the connectotypes was used to characterize differences across time for words and pseudowords. Our group level analyses found significantly different dynamic connectivity patterns during word vs. pseudoword processing between the Fronto-Parietal and Cingulo-Parietal Systems, areas involved in cognitive task control, memory retrieval, and semantic processing. Our findings support the presence of dynamic changes in functional connectivity during task execution and that such changes can be characterized using connectotyping but not with traditional Pearson's correlations.

13.
Neuroimage ; 254: 119138, 2022 07 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35339687

RESUMEN

Diffusion imaging aims to non-invasively characterize the anatomy and integrity of the brain's white matter fibers. We evaluated the accuracy and reliability of commonly used diffusion imaging methods as a function of data quantity and analysis method, using both simulations and highly sampled individual-specific data (927-1442 diffusion weighted images [DWIs] per individual). Diffusion imaging methods that allow for crossing fibers (FSL's BedpostX [BPX], DSI Studio's Constant Solid Angle Q-Ball Imaging [CSA-QBI], MRtrix3's Constrained Spherical Deconvolution [CSD]) estimated excess fibers when insufficient data were present and/or when the data did not match the model priors. To reduce such overfitting, we developed a novel Bayesian Multi-tensor Model-selection (BaMM) method and applied it to the popular ball-and-stick model used in BedpostX within the FSL software package. BaMM was robust to overfitting and showed high reliability and the relatively best crossing-fiber accuracy with increasing amounts of diffusion data. Thus, sufficient data and an overfitting resistant analysis method enhance precision diffusion imaging. For potential clinical applications of diffusion imaging, such as neurosurgical planning and deep brain stimulation (DBS), the quantities of data required to achieve diffusion imaging reliability are lower than those needed for functional MRI.


Asunto(s)
Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Algoritmos , Teorema de Bayes , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Difusión , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
14.
J R Soc Interface ; 19(187): 20210742, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35193387

RESUMEN

Tics manifest as brief, purposeless and unintentional movements or noises that, for many individuals, can be suppressed temporarily with effort. Previous work has hypothesized that the chaotic temporal nature of tics could possess an inherent fractality, that is, have neighbour-to-neighbour correlation at all levels of timescale. However, demonstrating this phenomenon has eluded researchers for more than two decades, primarily because of the challenges associated with estimating the scale-invariant, power law exponent-called the fractal dimension Df-from fractional Brownian noise. Here, we confirm this hypothesis and establish the fractality of tics by examining two tic time series datasets collected 6-12 months apart in children with tics, using random walk models and directional statistics. We find that Df is correlated with tic severity as measured by the YGTTS total tic score, and that Df is a sensitive parameter in examining the effect of several tic suppression conditions on the tic time series. Our findings pave the way for using the fractal nature of tics as a robust quantitative tool for estimating tic severity and treatment effectiveness, as well as a possible marker for differentiating typical from functional tics.


Asunto(s)
Tics , Síndrome de Tourette , Niño , Fractales , Humanos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tics/diagnóstico , Tics/etiología , Síndrome de Tourette/complicaciones , Síndrome de Tourette/diagnóstico , Resultado del Tratamiento
15.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 43(5): 1720-1737, 2022 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34981603

RESUMEN

Poor phonological processing has typically been considered the main cause of dyslexia. However, visuo-attentional processing abnormalities have been described as well. The goal of the present study was to determine the involvement of visual attention during fluent reading in children with dyslexia and typical readers. Here, 75 children (8-12 years old; 36 typical readers, 39 children with dyslexia) completed cognitive and reading assessments. Neuroimaging data were acquired while children performed a fluent reading task with (a) a condition where the text remained on the screen (Still) versus (b) a condition in which the letters were being deleted (Deleted). Cognitive assessment data analysis revealed that visual attention, executive functions, and phonological awareness significantly contributed to reading comprehension in both groups. A seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analysis was performed on the fluency functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Typical readers showed greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the left angular gyrus while performing the Still and Deleted reading tasks versus children with dyslexia. Higher connectivity values were associated with higher reading comprehension. The control group showed increased functional connectivity between the ventral attention network and the fronto-parietal network during the Deleted text condition (compared with the Still condition). Children with dyslexia did not display this pattern. The results suggest that the synchronized activity of executive, visual attention, and reading-related networks is a pattern of functional integration which children with dyslexia fail to achieve. The present evidence points toward a critical role of visual attention in dyslexia.


Asunto(s)
Dislexia , Niño , Dislexia/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ejecutiva , Humanos , Lenguaje , Lóbulo Parietal , Lectura
16.
F1000Res ; 11: 1566, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37224324

RESUMEN

Background: Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in new "tic" cases in teens and young adults. These individuals often present with fulminant onset of symptoms not commonly seen in Tourette syndrome (TS) and are often diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FND-tic). However, some authors have questioned whether this illness truly differs from typical Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) and TS. Previous studies have compared FND-tic, usually a few months after symptom onset, to patients with TS, usually years after symptom onset. We sought to test whether the presenting symptoms of FND-tic differ substantially from those in patients at a similar duration of symptoms who are later diagnosed with TS. Methods: This comparative study examines clinical features summarized from published reports of FND-tic with novel data from a longitudinal study of PTD. This study came from a referral center for TS and tic disorders and included 89 children with tics whose first tic occurred a median of 3.6 months earlier, nearly all of whom were diagnosed with a chronic tic disorder at follow-up. Specifically, we examine clinical features identified in a recent literature review as supporting a diagnosis of FND-tic, including symptom characteristics, course, severity and comorbidity. Results: Several clinical features dramatically distinguish the patients diagnosed with FND-tic from those diagnosed with typical PTD. For example, coprophenomena are reported at or shortly after symptom onset in over half of FND-tic patients, whereas even several months after onset, coprophenomena had occurred in only 1 of 89 children with PTD. Six clinical features each have a positive predictive value over 90% for FND-tic diagnosis if prior probability is 50%. Conclusions: These new data provide strong evidence supporting the diagnostic validity of FND-tic as distinct from TS.


Asunto(s)
Tics , Síndrome de Tourette , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Síndrome de Tourette/diagnóstico , Derivación y Consulta
17.
Cereb Cortex ; 32(13): 2868-2884, 2022 06 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34718460

RESUMEN

The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex-predominately frontal cortex-to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.


Asunto(s)
Cuerpo Estriado , Corteza Motora , Animales , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Cuerpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Núcleo Accumbens , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Putamen
18.
Rehabil Process Outcome ; 10: 11795727211010500, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34497455

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of disability in children. While motor deficits define CP, many patients experience behavioral and cognitive deficits which limit participation. The purpose of this study was to contribute to our understanding of developmental delay and how to measure these deficits among children with CP. METHODS: Children 5 to 15 years with hemiplegic CP were recruited. Cognition and motor ability were assessed. The brain injury associated with observed motor deficits was identified. Accelerometers measured real-world bilateral upper extremity movement and caregivers completed behavioral assessments. RESULTS: Eleven children participated, 6 with presumed perinatal stroke. Four children scored below average intelligence quotient while other measures of cognition were within normal limits (except processing speed). Motor scores confirmed asymmetrical deficits. Approximately one third of scores indicated deficits in attention, behavior, or depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings corroborate that children with CP experience challenges that are broader than motor impairment alone. Despite the variation in brain injury, all participants completed study procedures. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that measuring behavior in children with CP may require a more comprehensive approach and that caregivers are amenable to using online collection tools which may assist in addressing the therapeutic needs of children with CP.

19.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(34)2021 08 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34404728

RESUMEN

The hippocampus is critically important for a diverse range of cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, prospective memory, affective processing, and spatial navigation. Using individual-specific precision functional mapping of resting-state functional MRI data, we found the anterior hippocampus (head and body) to be preferentially functionally connected to the default mode network (DMN), as expected. The hippocampal tail, however, was strongly preferentially functionally connected to the parietal memory network (PMN), which supports goal-oriented cognition and stimulus recognition. This anterior-posterior dichotomy of resting-state functional connectivity was well-matched by differences in task deactivations and anatomical segmentations of the hippocampus. Task deactivations were localized to the hippocampal head and body (DMN), relatively sparing the tail (PMN). The functional dichotomization of the hippocampus into anterior DMN-connected and posterior PMN-connected parcels suggests parallel but distinct circuits between the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex for self- versus goal-oriented processing.


Asunto(s)
Mapeo Encefálico , Hipocampo/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiología , Adulto , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Memoria Episódica , Vías Nerviosas , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Adulto Joven
20.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(13)2021 03 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33753484

RESUMEN

Whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) during 2 wk of upper-limb casting revealed that disused motor regions became more strongly connected to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), an executive control network that includes regions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula. Disuse-driven increases in functional connectivity (FC) were specific to the CON and somatomotor networks and did not involve any other networks, such as the salience, frontoparietal, or default mode networks. Censoring and modeling analyses showed that FC increases during casting were mediated by large, spontaneous activity pulses that appeared in the disused motor regions and CON control regions. During limb constraint, disused motor circuits appear to enter a standby mode characterized by spontaneous activity pulses and strengthened connectivity to CON executive control regions.


Asunto(s)
Giro del Cíngulo/fisiología , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Descanso/fisiología , Adulto , Mapeo Encefálico , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Femenino , Giro del Cíngulo/citología , Giro del Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagen , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Red Nerviosa/fisiología
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA
...