[Further training to become a specialist in pathology in the GDR]. / Weiterbildung zum Facharzt für Pathologie in der DDR.

Pathology in the GDR was firmly rooted in the tradition of German pathology. Further training imparted sound morphological knowledge. Until the late 1970s, it was primarily autopsy pathology. Scientific relations with the West-with centers where the discipline was developing dynamically-were severely hampered for political reasons; normal conference attendance was reserved for a few selected cadres. The inefficiency of the planned economy led to increasing material bottlenecks. GDR pathology had become a relic by the end of the GDR regime.

The detection of the cytomegalovirus DNA in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with increased long-term risk of proctocolectomy: results from an outpatient IBD clinic.

PURPOSE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been found to be associated with a reactivation of ulcerative colitis (UC) and with an impaired response to medical therapy. In the past, only limited data were available on the long-term outcome for UC patients with positive tissue CMV-PCR in the colonic mucosa. METHODS: Between January 2010 and April 2015, we performed a qualitative PCR screening for CMV DNA in one biopsy from most actively inflamed rectal mucosa (tCMV-PCR). All tCMV-PCR-positive patients received 900 mg of valganciclovir b.i.d. for at least 15 days. We analyzed the association of the tCMV-PCR status with the time to steroid-free remission (SFR) and with the risk of proctocolectomy during the further course. RESULTS: One hundred eight consecutive patients (50 women, 58 men, median age 41 years, median UC duration 6 years) with active UC not responding to anti-inflammatory medication were analyzed. Eight of the 24 tCMV-PCR-positive patients (33.3%) compared to ten of the 84 tCMV-PCR-negative patients (11.9%) underwent proctocolectomy during a median follow-up of 52 months (p < 0.005). The median time from CMV diagnosis to colectomy was 501 days (median, interquartile range (IQR): 170, 902 days) in tCMV-PCR-positive and 958 days (IQR: 287, 1328 days) in tCMV-PCR-negative patients (p < 0.01). The median time to SFR was 126 days in tCMV-PCR-positive patients vs. 63 days in tCMV-PCR-negative patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of the CMV DNA in the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC is associated with a longer time to steroid-free UC remission and with an increased rate and earlier need of proctocolectomy.

Drug- and/or trauma-induced hyperthermia? Characterization of HSP70 and myoglobin expression.

INTRODUCTION: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression could be discussed as an adaption that promotes repair and counteracts cell damage. Myoglobin is released upon muscle damage of several pathways. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the expression of HSP70 in kidney, heart and brain and of myoglobin in the kidney were associated with the cause of death and the survival times after lethal intoxications with three of the drugs most widely used in our local area (Saxony, Germany) as well as after fatal traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We retrospectively collected kidney, heart and brain samples of 50 autopsy cases with toxicological proved lethal intoxication (main drugs methamphetamine, morphine, alcohol), 14 TBI cases and 15 fatalities with acute myocardial injury in age- and gender-matched compilations. RESULTS: Our main findings suggest that HSP70 is associated with hyperthermal and other stress factors of most cell populations. HSP70 expressions in kidney and heart muscle are useful for a differentiation between fatal intoxications and cases without toxicological influence (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the cerebral expression patterns between methamphetamine- and morphine-associated deaths compared to alcohol fatalities (p < 0.05). An intensive staining of HSP70 in the pericontusional zone and the hippocampus after TBI (especially neuronal and vascular) was shown even after short survival times and may be useful as an additional marker in questions of vitality or wound age. A relevant myoglobin decoration of renal tubules was only shown for methamphetamine abuse in the study presented. CONCLUSION: In sum, the immunohistochemical characteristics presented can be supportive for determining final death circumstances and minimal trauma survival times but are not isolated usefully for the detection of drug- or trauma-induced hyperthermia.

[On the forensic relevance of orphan diseases]. / Zur forensischen Relevanz seltener Erkrankungen.

A 40-year-old woman died shortly after complaining of non-specific symptoms after a pharmacist had accidentally given her the wrong medication. The woman's partner was not familiar with her medical history and the medical file had to be obtained from the family doctor. Autopsy findings and histological examination confirmed the clinically diagnosed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome without a tangible cause of death. Poisoning could not be demonstrated and no relation between the dosage error and death could be established. Laboratory tests revealed diabetic coma with ketoacidosis as the cause of death, which was probably caused by a prolonged lack of insulin administration. In addition to the clarification of legal issues, the complete post-mortem examination of orphan diseases is also relevant for achieving a better understanding of differential diagnostic aspects and complex pathophysiological contexts. Moreover, the genetic background often underlying such diseases should be a reason to inform the family of the deceased about the autopsy results. Only then can secondary preventive measures be taken in time.