Stock price reactions to the climate activism by Fridays for Future: The roles of public attention and environmental performance.

This research investigates how the European and U.S. stock markets reacted to the upheaval caused by Fridays for Future. We perform an event study on stocks listed in the Stoxx Europe 600 and S&P 500 to examine their price reactions to the Global Climate Strikes 1-11. We analyze the significance of abnormal stock returns utilizing three event windows covering anticipation, short-term, and lagged effects. We also divide the sample by environmental performance grades. Our findings reveal that climate activism significantly affected stock valuation for all 11 Global Climate Strikes. Superior environmental performance is comparatively beneficial for firm values when climate activism receives a high level of public attention. We identify differences in the market reactions between Europe and the U.S. Also, we enrich the literature on stock market reactions by demonstrating that investors react, not only to primary stakeholder events (i.e., enactment of regulations by governments) but also to secondary stakeholder pressure (i.e., NGO activism). Furthermore, we provide evidence that climate activism has a processual character that causes recurring effects on the stock market. Our study encourages policymakers to increase environmental pressure as a mechanism for guiding green transformation.

Impact of Professional Background on Inter-Annotator Variability and Accuracy During Annotation of Clinical Notes.

BACKGROUND: The aging population's need for treatment of chronic diseases is exhibiting a marked increase in urgency, with heart failure being one of the most severe diseases in this regard. To improve outpatient care of these patients and reduce hospitalization rates, the telemedical disease management program HerzMobil was developed in the past. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyze the inter-annotator variability among two professional groups (healthcare and engineering) involved in this program's annotation process of free-text clinical notes using categories. METHODS: A dataset of 1,300 text snippets was annotated by 13 annotators with different backgrounds. Inter-annotator variability and accuracy were evaluated using the F1-score and analyzed for differences between categories, annotators, and their professional backgrounds. RESULTS: The results show a significant difference between note categories concerning inter-annotator variability (p<0.0001) and accuracy (p<0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two annotator groups, neither concerning inter-annotator variability (p=0.15) nor accuracy (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: Professional background had no significant impact on the annotation of free-text HerzMobil notes.

Effect of Thyroid Hormones on Kidney Function in Patients after Kidney Transplantation.

Elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) are associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease even in euthyroid patients. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy has been shown to delay progression to end-stage renal disease in sub-clinically hypothyroid patients with renal insufficiency. However, such associations after kidney transplantation were never investigated. In this study the association of thyroid hormones and estimated GFR (eGFR) in euthyroid patients after kidney transplantation was analyzed. In total 398 kidney transplant recipients were assessed retrospectively and association between thyroid and kidney function parameters at and between defined time points, 12 and 24 months after transplantation, was studied. A significant inverse association was shown for TSH changes and eGFR over time between months 12 and 24 post transplantation. For each increase of TSH by 1 µIU/mL, eGFR decreased by 1.34 mL/min [95% CI, -2.51 to -0.16; p = 0.03], corresponding to 2.2% eGFR decline, within 12 months. At selected time points 12 and 24 months post transplantation, however, TSH was not associated with eGFR. In conclusion, an increase in TSH between 12 and 24 months after kidney transplantation leads to a significant decrease in eGFR, which strengthens the concept of a kidney-thyroid-axis.