Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly(Pyrrole-co-Thiophene) Hybrid Composite Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Supercapacitive Properties.

Reduced graphene oxide/poly(pyrrol-co-thiophene) (RGO/COP), prepared by facile in-situ oxidative copolymerization, is reported as a new hybrid composite material with improved supercapacitance performance as compared to the respective homopolymers and their composites with RGO. The as-prepared hybrid materials were characterized with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The electrochemical behavior and energy storage properties of the materials were tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrostatic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in 0.5 M H2SO4. The specific capacitance (Csp) for RGO/COP calculated from the CV curve was 467 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. While the Csp calculated from the GCD was 417 F/g at a current density of 0.81 A/g. The energy density calculated was 86.4 Wh/kg with a power density of 630 W/kg. The hybrid composite exhibits good cyclic stability with 65% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. The present work brings a significance development of RGO/COP composites to the electrode materials for pseudocapacitive application.

Fabrication of graphene oxide coated quartz filter paper for enhanced adsorption of particulate matter.

Airborne particulate matter has become an emerging issue globally due to environmental degradation and the health risk it causes. Volatilization of weakly adsorbed particles onto quartz filter paper (QFP) limits its performance. The adsorption of particulate matter (PM10) onto QFP coated with different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) was investigated to enhance the adsorption potential. Hummer's method was adopted to synthesize GO. QFPs were coated with different concentrations of GO using a spin coating technique to optimize the result. The morphology and microstructure of GO-QFP were characterized by various experimental techniques, like XRD, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. GO showed considerable affinity to aerosol particles for GO-QFP weighing 5 mg/ml, whereas adsorption of the coated samples before and after was significantly reduced. The high affinity to aerosol particles was due to dominated π-π interactions and the grooved regions formed on the GO layer. It was considered that the high surface to volume ratio of GO-QFP improves the adsorptive property of the QF and consequently enhances the performance of the filter paper.

Charged probes: turn-on selective fluorescence for RNA.

RNA controls many biological processes. The selective detection and imaging of RNA molecules can provide information about their location, kinetics, and functions at the cellular level. The imidazolium-based positively charged probes would play a significant role in the deep investigation of RNA biomolecules to check their therapeutic potential and aid in the future rational molecular and drug design.

Facile Synthesis of a Selective Biomolecule Chemosensor and Fabrication of Its Highly Fluorescent Graphene Complex.

A novel hydrophilic imidazolium fluorescent chemosensor has been utilized to prepare water-soluble fluorescent graphene complex via a facile ion-exchange strategy, which gives a very high quantum yield (0.87). The highly fluorescent graphene complex displays a close resemblance to the water-soluble fluorescent chemosensor, as the chemisorbed imidazolium hinders the electron transfer between the naphthalene moiety and the graphene. If the imidazolium is simply physisorbed on graphene by physical mixing, it does not show a high quantum yield because the π-π stacking between the naphthalene moiety and graphene leads to fluorescence quenching. The fluorescent chemosensor selectively detects RNA by turn-on fluorescence at physiological pH in aqueous solution. The fluorescent chemosensor as well as the fluorescent graphene complex would find potential applications as photoresponsive materials and biomedical probes.

Novel ionophores with 2n-crown-n topology: anion sensing via pure aliphatic C-H···anion hydrogen bonding.

A series of novel coronands having a 2n-crown-n topology based on trioxane (6-crown-3) derivatives are designed and characterized. These neutral hosts can sense anions through pure aliphatic C-H hydrogen bonding (HB) in condensed phases due to the unusual topology of 2n-crown-n. C-H bonds are strongly polarized by two adjacent oxygen atoms in this scaffold. These hosts provide a rare opportunity to modulate anion binding strength by changing the electronic nature of aliphatic C-H bonds and offer ease of synthesis.

Environmental applications using graphene composites: water remediation and gas adsorption.

This review deals with wide-ranging environmental studies of graphene-based materials on the adsorption of hazardous materials and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants for water remediation and the physisorption, chemisorption, reactive adsorption, and separation for gas storage. The environmental and biological toxicity of graphene, which is an important issue if graphene composites are to be applied in environmental remediation, is also addressed.

Graphene-SnO2 composites for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight.

Graphene sheets decorated with SnO(2) nanoparticles (RGO-SnO(2)) were prepared via a redox reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and SnCl(2). Graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to graphene (RGO) and Sn(2+) was oxidized to SnO(2) during the redox reaction, leading to a homogeneous distribution of SnO(2) nanoparticles on RGO sheets. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show uniform distribution of the nanoparticles on the RGO surface and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows an average particle size of 3-5 nm. The RGO-SnO(2) composite showed an enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity for the organic dye methylene blue under sunlight compared to bare SnO(2) nanoparticles. This result leads us to believe that the RGO-SnO(2) composite could be used in catalytic photodegradation of other organic dyes.