Identifying the molecular mechanisms of action of wound healing properties of Mathan tailam and Mahamegarajanga tailam in Wistar albino rats: Evidence through IL-10/VEGF/TNF-α signalling pathways.

The Siddha system of medicine (SSM) is the oldest medical science practised in the ancient period of the southern part of India and Sri Lanka. Many formulations were described for wound healing in the SSM, with specific diagnostic differentiation in the Siddha literature. Most preparations for wound healing were available in the form of oil-based formulations, especially for external usage. Mathan tailam (MT) and Mahamegarajanga tailam (MMRT) have been used by Siddha physicians and traditional practitioners to treat wounds. Mathan tailam is a popular regimen for skin lacerations, burns, skin infections, diabetic wounds, and dermatitis. Mahamegarajanga tailam has long been used by traditional vaidyars to treat cuts and burns. Both MT and MMRT are clinically well-appreciated drugs for wound healing and need to be studied for their mechanisms of action for scientific documentation. In an in vivo study on albino rats -excisional wound model, the histopathological changes, histo-immune response, biomarker analysis, and mRNA expression were studied and analysed. Wounds treated with MT and MMRT healed faster (p < 0.05) than the untreated group (CNT). Histological investigation showed rapid re-epithelialization, dense collagen deposition, increased enzymatic antioxidant activities and decreased lipid peroxidation in the MT and MMRT groups. mRNA expression reveals MT and MMRT-treated tissues able to induce convergent cell motility in wound space. Our study for the first time provides strong in vivo experimental evidence that Mathan tailam and Mahamegarajanga tailam play a crucial role in promoting skin tissue wound healing through IL-6/VEGF/TNF-α mediated mechanisms. Traditional practices continue to teach us valuable lessons, as seen by their continuous use in their locality for years.

HPTLC and GC-MS finger-printing of two potential multifunctional siddha tailams: Mathan and maha megarajanga tailam.

The Siddha system of medicine is an ancient medical lineage that is practiced primarily in the southern part of India. Siddha system of medicine has been in practice for thousands of years with documented evidence dating back to the 6th century BCE. According to siddha system of medicine's basic fundamental principle, the human body is made up of 96 thathuvam (primary components), which encompass physical, physiological, psychological, and intellectual aspects. Medicine (marunthu) is classified as a wide range of internal and external medicines. The major components of its medical formulations include plant parts, minerals and animal products. Various methods were carried out for the purification process to eliminate the toxins. Choornam, Guligai, Tailam, Parpam, Chendooram, Kattu, Pasai and Poochu are the most common medicines used in Siddha system of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The pathophysiological classification of diseases is elaborated in detail in the classical Siddha literature. Siddha system of medicine plays an important role in protecting people from diseases such as COVID-19 by providing immune-protecting and immune-boosting medicines in today's world. Mathan tailam and maha megarajanga tailam are the two unique preparations used widely for various skin diseases including chronic wounds and burns. Scientific validation of both medicines will help in understanding their effectiveness against a typical wound condition. In the present study physio-chemical and phytochemical, HPTLC, and GC-MS analyses were carried out and discussed in detail on the multifunctional properties exhibited in the patient communities.