Corrigendum: Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02503.].

Transduction as a Potential Dissemination Mechanism of a Clonal qnrB19-Carrying Plasmid Isolated From Salmonella of Multiple Serotypes and Isolation Sources.

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide, and Salmonella spp. resistance to quinolone was classified by WHO in the high priority list. Recent studies in Europe and in the US reported the presence of small plasmids carrying quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry and poultry products. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella spp. and to investigate transduction as a possible mechanism associated to its dissemination. First, we assessed resistance to nalidixic acid and/or ciprofloxacin in 64 Salmonella spp. and detected resistance in eight of them. Genomic analyses determined that six isolates of different serotypes and sources carried an identical 2.7-kb plasmid containing the gene qnrB19 which confers quinolone resistance. The plasmid detected also has high identity with plasmids reported in the US, Europe, and South America. The presence of similar plasmids was later surveyed by PCR in a local Salmonella collection (n = 113) obtained from diverse sources: food (eggs), wild and domestic animals (pigs, horse, chicken), and human clinical cases. qnrB19-carrying plasmids were found in 8/113 Salmonella tested strains. A bioinformatics analysis including Chilean and previously described plasmids revealed over 95.0% of nucleotide identity among all the sequences obtained in this study. Furthermore, we found that a qnrB19-carrying plasmid can be transferred between Salmonella of different serotypes through a P22-mediated transduction. Altogether our results demonstrate that plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is widespread in Salmonella enterica of different serotypes isolated from human clinical samples, wild and domestic animals, and food in Chile and suggest that transduction could be a plausible mechanism for its dissemination. The occurrence of these antimicrobial resistance elements in Salmonella in a widespread area is of public health and food safety concern, and it indicates the need for increased surveillance for the presence of these plasmids in Salmonella strains and to assess their actual impact in the rise and spread of quinolone resistance.

Análise comparativa do limiar agudo em unipolar e bipolar dos cabos-eletrodos de ventrículos esquerdo e direito / Comparative analysis of acute unipolar and bipolar pacing threshold in the right and left ventricles

A insuficiência cardíaca apresenta elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade e os benefícios obtidos com a terapia de ressincronização cardíaca em pacientes com essa afecção estão bem estabelecidos. Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o limiar de estimulação agudo em circuitos unipolar ebipolar de ventrículo direito e ventrículo esquerdo em pacientes submetidos a implante de ressincronizadores associados ou não ao cardiodesfibrilador. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a implante de marcapasso biventricular entre janeiro de 2004 e janeiro de 2013, totalizando 209 pacientes, com idade variando entre 15 anos e 91 anos (média de idade, 65 + 12,8 anos), sendo 67 pacientes do sexo feminino (32%) e 142(68%) do sexo masculino. Entre as próteses implantadas, 159 foram da Biotronik (76%), 23 da St. Jude Medical(11%), 17 da Medtronic (8%) e 10 da Boston (5%). Resultados: Dos 209 casos estudados, a medida unipolar do ventrículo direito foi obtida em 140 pacientes e a do ventrículo esquerdo, em 108 pacientes. A medida bipolar do ventrículo direito foi obtida em 195 pacientes e a do ventrículo esquerdo, em 137 pacientes. A média de limiar para estimulação em ventrículo direito foi de 0,54 e 0,64 e em ventrículo esquerdo foi de 1,29 e 1,46 para unipolar e bipolar, respectivamente. Conclusão: O modo de estimulação em unipolar tem limiar menor que o bipolar em ambos os ventrículos (direito e esquerdo). No ventrículo direito a diferença foi significativa, o que não ocorreu no ventrículo esquerdo...

Heart failure has high levels of morbidity and mortality and the benefits obtained with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with this disease are well established. This study was aimedat comparing the acute stimulation threshold in unipolar and bipolar right and left ventricle circuits in patients undergoing resynchronizer implantation in association or not with a defibrillator. Method: Retrospective study of patients undergoing biventricular pacemaker implantation between January 2004 and January 2013, in atotal of 209 patients with ages ranging between 15 and 91 years (mean age, 65 + 12.8 years) of which 67 were female (32%) and 142 (68%) were male. Of all implanted devices, 159 were Biotronik (76%), 23 St. Jude Medical(11%), 17 Medtronic (8%) and 10 Boston (5%). Results: Of the 209 cases, right ventricle unipolar measurement was obtained in 140 patients and left ventricle unipolar measurement in 108 patients. Right ventricle bipolar measurement was obtained in 195 patients and left ventricle bipolar measurement in 137 patients. Mean unipolar and bipolar pacing threshold was 0.54 and 0.64 for the right ventricle and 1.29 and 1.46 for the left ventricle, respectively. Conclusion: Unipolar pacing has a lower threshold than bipolar pacing in both right and left ventricles. The difference was significant in the right ventricle, but not in the left ventricle...