The role of platelets in central hubs of inflammation: A literature review.

Platelets are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in inflammation beyond their traditional involvement in haemostasis. This review consolidates knowledge on platelets as critical players in inflammatory responses. This study did an extensive search of electronic databases and identified studies on platelets in inflammation, focusing on molecular mechanisms, cell interactions, and clinical implications, emphasizing recent publications. Platelets contribute to inflammation via surface receptors, release of mediators, and participation in neutrophil extracellular trap formation. They are implicated in diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis, highlighting their interaction with immune cells as pivotal in the onset and resolution of inflammation. Platelets are central to regulating inflammation, offering new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Future research should explore specific molecular pathways of platelets in inflammation for therapeutic intervention.

White light emission and energy transfer of LaMgAl11 O19 :Eu3+ , Tb3+ phosphors.

White-light-tunable LaMgAl11 O19 :x%Tb3+ , y%Eu3+ series phosphors were prepared using the gel-combustion method. The structure and luminescence properties were studied, and the energy transfer of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the LaMgAl11 O19 system was also discussed. The results showed that the LaMgAl11 O19 matrix exhibited strong emission in the blue-light region under the excitation of ultraviolet light, which resulted in conditions suitable for the preparation of white-light-tunable phosphors. The emission spectra of LaMgAl11 O19 :2%Tb3+ , y%Eu3+ (y = 2%-9%) series phosphors were obtained through optimization experiments. It could be seen from the CIE diagram that by adjusting the doping quantities of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the LaMgAl11 O19 host, multicolor luminescence and white light emission in a single host could be achieved. By calculating the energy transfer efficiency and critical distance between Eu3+ and Tb3+ series phosphors, the mechanism of energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+ was found to be the interaction between electric quadruples.

[Reduction of missing report rate of breast cancer in clinical breast examination].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods of reducing the missing report rate of breast cancer in clinical breast examination (CBE). METHODS: The investigators analyzed the data of abnormal breast physical examination in 2181 females and the missing report rate of breast cancer in various kinds of examination methods. RESULTS: Interrogation and inspection reduced the missing report rate by 5% in all cases. And the missing report rate was lowered from 0.9% to 0.4% by multi-position joint palpation among 2839 breast foci in abnormal physical examination. Small breast nodules, marginal foci of mammary gland, axillary fossa and mammary areola had the tendency to be missed. Focal thickening of mammary gland was also easily missed. Compared with the control group, the abnormality of interrogation and inspection in the breast cancer group were statistically significant in the operation group (χ(2) = 9.770, P = 0.002). The missing report rate of breast cancer was 3.7% in CBE, 17% in ultrasonography and 19.4% in mammography. CONCLUSIONS: The methods of reducing the missing report rate of breast cancer in clinical breast examination are as follows: valuing the importance of interrogation and inspection; using different palpation methods on the basis of different breast morphologic features; paying more attention to the marginal foci of mammary gland, axillary fossa and mammary areola; examining closely the focal thickening of mammary gland. Scirrhosity is inadvisable as an independent predictor for malignant tumor. A clinician should avoid an excessive dependence on palpation and instruments.

[Synthesis of CaLaAl3O7:Eu3+ by gel-combustion method and its luminescence properties].

Using the gel-combustion method the precursors of GaLa(1-x)Al3O7 : xEu3+ (0.05 < or = x < or = 0.8) were prepared. When annealing temperature was below 700 degrees C, the materials were in amorphous state, while as annealing temperature was above 800 degrees C, the high purity CaLa(1-x)Al3O7 : xEu3+ crystalline materials were obtained. The luminescence properties of GaLa(1-x)Al3O7 : xEu3+ both in amorphous and crystalline phases were investigated, and the results of excitation spectrum show a similar charge transition band of Eu3+--O2- between 230 nm and 320 nm and a series of f--f transition of Eu3+ ion. However, the strongest band of amorphous material was at 465 nm corresponding to (7)F0--(5)D2 transition, and those of the crystalline materials were at 394 nm corresponding to (7)F0--(5)L6 transition of Eu3+ ion. In amorphous state materials the emission intensity of excitation wavelength 465 nm was stronger than that of 394 nm, and composition of (5)D0--(7)F0 transition at 578 rim, (5)D0--(7)F1 transition at 587 rim and (5)D0--(7)F2 transition at 615 rim. In crystalline material, the emission intensity of excitation wavelength of 394 run was stronger than that of 465 rim, the (5)D0--(7)F0 transition disappeared, and the (5)D0--(7)F1 transition split into 587 rim and 596 rim. With the increase in temperature, the strongest band at 615 rim increased, and what is more, the (5)D0--(7)F1 transition increased remarkably. In CaLa(1-x)Al3O7 : xEu3+, when x=0.2 for the co-doping Eu3+ ion and the mol proportion of citric acid and metal ion (C/M) was 1.2, the luminescence intensity was the highest.

[A catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of trace zinc(II) in Mongolian medicine and hair sample].

A new catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace zinc(II) was developed, which is based on the decolour reaction of H2O2 with calcon catalyzed by zinc(II) in weak acid medium. The optimum condition and kinetic property of the reaction were also studied. The detection limit in this method is 0.68 microg x L(-1). The apparent activation energy Ea and the apparent rate constant R are 45.1 kJ x mol(-1) and 5.80 x 10(-3) s(-1) respectively. The range of determination is 0.80-40.00 microg x L(-1). The method has been applied to the determination of zinc(II) in Mongolian medicine and hair sample with satisfactory results.