RESUMEN
In recent decades, a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior. However, up to now, the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood. The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens, focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals. This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuropeptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency. Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neuropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.
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Introduction: The remarkable diversity observed in the structure and development of the molluscan nervous system raises intriguing questions regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in Mollusca. The expression of SoxB family transcription factors plays a pivotal role in neuronal development, thereby offering valuable insights into the strategies of neurogenesis. Methods: In this study, we conducted gene expression analysis focusing on SoxB-family transcription factors during early neurogenesis in the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. We employed a combination of hybridization chain reaction in situ hybridization (HCR-ISH), immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and cell proliferation assays to investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of LsSoxB1 and LsSoxB2 from the gastrula stage to hatching, with particular attention to the formation of central ring ganglia. Results: Our investigation reveals that LsSoxB1 demonstrates expanded ectodermal expression from the gastrula to the hatching stage, whereas expression of LsSoxB2 in the ectoderm ceases by the veliger stage. LsSoxB1 is expressed in the ectoderm of the head, foot, and visceral complex, as well as in forming ganglia and sensory cells. Conversely, LsSoxB2 is mostly restricted to the subepithelial layer and forming ganglia cells during metamorphosis. Proliferation assays indicate a uniform distribution of dividing cells in the ectoderm across all developmental stages, suggesting the absence of distinct neurogenic zones with increased proliferation in gastropods. Discussion: Our findings reveal a spatially and temporally extended pattern of SoxB1 expression in a gastropod representative compared to other lophotrochozoan species. This prolonged and widespread expression of SoxB genes may be interpreted as a form of transcriptional neoteny, representing a preadaptation to prolonged neurogenesis. Consequently, it could contribute to the diversification of nervous systems in gastropods and lead to an increase in the complexity of the central nervous system in Mollusca.
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Three novel HLA-A alleles HLA-A*02:1041Q, -A*02:1042, and -A*02:1043 alleles detected during routine next generation sequencing.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
HLA-A*02:01:216 has one nucleotide change from A*02:01:01:01 in codon 335.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Humanos , Alelos , Federación de Rusia , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 67 of HLA-A*74:41 results in the novel allele, HLA-A*74:46.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Donantes de Tejidos , Humanos , Alelos , Nucleótidos , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 280 of HLA-A*33:03:01:01 results in the novel allele, HLA-A*33:256.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Exones/genética , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad/métodos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 83 of HLA-С*12:02:02:01 results in the novel allele, HLA-C*12:392.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea , Antígenos HLA-C , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Alelos , Exones/genética , Codón , Donantes de Tejidos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Donante no EmparentadoRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 336 of HLA-B*39:01:01:01 results in the novel allele, HLA- B*39:198.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-B , Humanos , Secuencia de Bases , Alelos , Exones/genética , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Federación de Rusia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 281 of HLA-C*12:03:01:01 results in the novel allele, HLA-C*12:386.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-C , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Alelos , Exones/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-B*49:81 allele differs by one nucleotide change from HLA-B*49:01:01.
Asunto(s)
Genes MHC Clase I , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , NucleótidosRESUMEN
The novel HLA-A*03:01:120 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-C*07:402:02 allele was characterized using next-generation sequencing technology.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-C , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Antígenos HLA , Alelos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Células Madre HematopoyéticasRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 279 of HLA-A*03:02:01:01 results in the novel HLA-A*03:02:07 allele.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Nucleótidos , Humanos , Alelos , Codón , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-DRB1*16:01:19 allele differs by one nucleotide change from HLA-DRB1*16:01:01.
Asunto(s)
Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Nucleótidos , Humanos , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , AlelosRESUMEN
HLA-B*37:108 and -B*38:108, two novel alleles detected in Russian individuals by next generation sequencing.
Asunto(s)
Genes MHC Clase I , Antígenos HLA-B , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Federación de Rusia , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto RendimientoRESUMEN
One nucleotide substitution in codon 152 of HLA-DQB1*06:03:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-DQB1*06:474.
Asunto(s)
Secuencia de Bases , Humanos , Alelos , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Two nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 of HLA-A*03:01:01:01 results in the novel HLA-A*03:01:123 allele.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Secuencia de Bases , Alelos , Exones/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-DRB1*13:342 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Asunto(s)
Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , AlelosRESUMEN
HLA-A*02:01:215 and -A*32:151:02, two novel alleles detected in Russian individuals by next generation sequencing.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Federación de Rusia , Antígenos HLA-A/genéticaRESUMEN
Three novel A*24:614, A*24:615, and A*24:616 alleles detected in a potential hematopoietic stem cell donors.
