SPAG5 and ASPM play important roles in gastric cancer: An observational study.

Gastric cancer typically originates from the abnormal proliferation of normal cells within the gastric mucosa, eventually forming tumors. The roles of sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) and abnormal spindle-like microcephaly (ASPM) associated genes in gastric cancer are not yet clear. Gastric cancer datasets GSE51575 and GSE36076 profiles were downloaded from the GPL13607 and GPL570-generated gene expression omnibus database. The analysis included filtering for differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, construction and analysis of the protein-protein interaction network, survival analysis, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis. Heatmaps of gene expression were also created. A total of 1457 differentially expressed genes were identified. According to gene ontology analysis, they are primarily enriched in the metabolic processes of organic acids, condensed chromosome centromere regions, and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome analysis showed they are mainly involved in metabolic pathways, P53 signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. The soft threshold power for weighted gene co-expression network analysis was set to 8. Three core genes (CENPE, SPAG5, and ASPM) were identified. Heatmaps of core gene expression revealed that SPAG5 and ASPM are highly expressed in gastric cancer samples and low in normal samples. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis indicated that the core genes (CENPE, SPAG5, and ASPM) are associated with gastric tumors, gastric diseases, gastritis, gastric ulcers, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. The SPAG5 and ASPM genes are overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and higher expression levels are associated with worse prognosis, may serve as potential prognostic markers.

MYC and NCAPG2 as molecular targets of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer in nursing.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in intestinal tract, the early symptoms are not obvious. Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gastric mucosal epithelium. However, the role of MYC and non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2) in colorectal cancer and gastric cancer remains unclear. The colorectal cancer datasets GSE49355 and gastric cancer datasets GSE19826 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Survival analysis and comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. A total of 751 DEGs were obtained. According to the gene ontology (GO) analysis, in Biological process (BP) analysis, they are mainly enriched in cell differentiation, cartilage development, and skeletal development. In cellular component (CC) analysis, they are mainly enriched in the cytoskeleton of muscle cells and actin filaments. In molecular function (MF) analysis, they are mainly concentrated in Rho GTPase binding, DNA binding, and fibronectin binding. In Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, they are mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and cancer pathways. The soft threshold power for WGCNA analysis was set to 9, resulting in the generation of 40 modules. Ultimately, 2 core genes (MYC and NCAPG2) were identified. The heatmap of core gene expression showed high expression of MYC and NCAPG2 in colorectal cancer tissue samples and low expression in normal tissue samples, while they were core molecules in gastric cancer. Survival analysis indicated that MYC and NCAPG2 were risk factors, showing an upregulation trend with increasing risk scores. CTD analysis revealed associations of MYC and NCAPG2 with colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, inflammation, and immune system diseases. MYC and NCAPG2 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer. The higher the expression of MYC and NCAPG2, the worse the prognosis. MYC and NCAPG2 are core molecules in gastric cancer.

Role of PAX6, TRPA1, BCL11B, MCOLN2, CUX1, EMX1 in colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma.

Colorectal cancer is a cancer that arises from the abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone tumor with high degree of malignancy. The configuration files for colorectal cancer dataset GSE142279 and OS datasets GSE197158 and GSE206448 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database using the platforms GPL20795, GPL20301, and GPL24676. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to find the diseases most associated with the core genes. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, DEGs are mainly enriched in acetylcholine binding receptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, cell polarity pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, receptor regulator activity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and inflammation-mediated regulation of tryptophan transport. In the Metascape enrichment analysis, GO enrichment items related to the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of muscle system process, and regulation of actin filament-based movement. Eight core genes (CUX1, NES, BCL11B, PAX6, EMX1, MCOLN2, TRPA1, TRPC4) were identified. CTD showed that 4 genes (CUX1, EMX1, TRPA1, BCL11B) were associated with colorectal neoplasms, colorectal tumors, colonic diseases, multiple myeloma, OS, and inflammation. PAX6, TRPA1, BCL11B, MCOLN2, CUX1, and EMX1 are highly expressed in colorectal cancer and OS, and the higher the expression level, the worse the prognosis.

Associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and incident cases of cardiovascular disease in Yantai, China.

There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008-1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60-75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China.

Association between PM2.5 and hypertension among the floating population in China: a cross-sectional study.

Few studies have investigated the association between PM2.5 and hypertension among floating populations. We therefore examined the relationship using binary logistic regression. Each grade of increment in the annual average PM2.5 (grade one: ≤15 µg/m3; grade two: 15-25 µg/m3; grade three: 25-35 µg/m3 [Excluding 25]; grade four: ≥35 µg/m3) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.081, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-1.129). Among the female floating population (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.030-1.204), those with education level of primary school and below (OR = 1.140, 95% CI: 1.058-1.229), construction workers (OR = 1.228, 95% CI: 1.058-1.426), and those living in the eastern region of China (OR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.145-1.346) were more vulnerable to PM2.5. These results indicate that PM2.5 is positively associated with hypertension in floating populations. Floating populations who are female, less educated, construction workers, and living in the eastern region of China are more vulnerable to the adverse impacts of PM2.5.

Trends and prediction in the incidence rate of hepatitis C in Shandong Province in China from 2004 to 2030.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C threatens human health and brings a heavy economic burden. Shandong Province is the second most populous province in China and has uneven regional economic development. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence rate trend and regional differences of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2021. METHODS: The monthly and annual incidence rates of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2022 to 2030 were predicted by fitting Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and ARIMA-LSTM combined model. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2021, annual new cases of hepatitis C in Shandong Province increased from 635 to 5834, with a total of 61,707 cases. The incidence rate increased from 0.69/100 thousand in 2004 to 6.40/100 thousand in 2019, with a slight decrease in 2020 and 2021. The average annual incidence rate was 3.47/100 thousand. In terms of regional distribution, the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province was generally high in the west and low in the east. It is estimated that the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province will be 9.21 per 100 thousand in 2030. CONCLUSION: The hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2019 and a decreasing trend in 2020 and 2021. Significant regional variations in incidence rate existed. An upward trend in incidence rate is predicted from 2022 to 2030. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis C to achieve the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.

Roles of DSCC1 and GINS1 in gastric cancer.

Gastric carcinoma is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosal epithelium. However, role of DS-cell cycle-dependent protein 1 (DSCC1) and GINS1 in gastric carcinoma remains unclear. The gastric carcinoma datasets GSE79973 and GSE118916 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus. Multiple datasets were merged and batched. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction Network. Survival analysis and comparative toxicogenomics database were performed. A heat map of gene expression was drawn. Target Scan screen miRNAs regulating DEGs. Two thousand forty-four DEGs were identified. According to gene ontology analysis, in biological process, they were mainly enriched in cell migration, transforming growth factor ß receptor signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and steroid metabolism process. In cellular component, they were mainly enriched in extracellular vesicles, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and extracellular space. In molecular function, they focused on extracellular matrix structural components, protein binding, platelet-derived growth factor binding, and catalytic activity. In Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, they were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, metabolic pathways, fatty acid degradation, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in transforming growth factor ß receptor signaling pathway, steroid metabolism process, basement membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, structural components of extracellular matrix, platelet-derived growth factor binding, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that expression of T cell CD4 memory resting was lower in the samples of gastric cancer. The core genes (TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1) are protective factors, their expression shows a downward trend with increase of risk score. Comparative toxicogenomics database analysis showed that TRIP13, CHEK1, DSCC1, GINS1 were related to gastric tumors, gastric diseases, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. DSCC1 and GINS1 are highly expressed in gastric cancer. Higher expression levels of DSCC1 and GINS1, worse the prognosis.

Role of SNAP25 on the occurrence and development of eosinophilic gastritis.

Eosinophilic gastritis is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. This study aims to explore the association between eosinophilic gastritis and Synaptosome Associated Protein 25 (SNAP25), and provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic gastritis. GSE54043 was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. The functions of common DEGs were annotated by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Metascape. The protein-protein interaction network of common DEGs was obtained by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and visualized by Cytoscape. Significant modules were identified from the protein-protein interaction network. A total of 186 patients with eosinophilic gastritis were recruited. The clinical data were recorded and the expression levels of CPE, SST, PCSK2, SNAP25, and SYT4 were detected. Pearson chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between eosinophilic gastritis and related parameters. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used for further analysis. 353 DEGs were presented. The top 10 genes screened by cytoHubb were shown, and Veen diagram figured out 5 mutual genes. Pearson's chi-square test showed that SNAP25 (P < .001) was significantly associated with eosinophilic gastritis. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between eosinophilic gastritis and SNAP25 (ρ = -0.569, P < .001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that SNAP25 (OR = 0.046, 95% CI: 0.018-0.116, P < .001) was significantly associated with eosinophilic gastritis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SNAP25 (OR = 0.024, 95% CI: 0.007-0.075, P < .001) was significantly associated with eosinophilic gastritis. The low expression of SNAP25 gene in eosinophilic gastritis is associated with a higher risk of eosinophilic gastritis.

Association between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and the health status in the mobile population from 338 cities in China.

There are limited studies investigating the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and the health status among the mobile population. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a nationally representative sample (2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data) consisting of 169,469 mobile population. The ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between PM2.5 and the health status in mobile population. Stratified analyses were performed to identify whether the association varied across gender, age group, and regions in China. Overall, every 10 µg/m3 increment in annual average PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of poor self-reported health (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.012-1.030). Mobile population aged 31-49 years and living in the central region suffers the highest PM2.5-associated health risk (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.019-1.042; OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.075-1.116). Our study suggests that PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of poor self-reported health in mobile population, particularly among the population aged 31-49 years and people living in the central region of China. Policymakers should pay more attention to the vulnerable mobile population to tackle the health burden of ambient air pollution.

The interaction effects between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and economic development on the settlement intention for floating population in China.

Limited studies examined the interaction effects between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and economic development on the settlement intention of floating population. We used binary logistic model to examine the association of PM2.5, per capita GDP (PGDP), PM2.5 [Formula: see text] PGDP on the settlement intention. Additive interaction term of PM2.5 and PGDP level was used to investigate their interactive effects. Overall, each one grade increment in annual average PM2.5 was associated with decreased probability of settlement intention (OR = 0.847, 95%CI: 0.811-0.885). The interaction effect between PM2.5 and PGDP on settlement intention was significant (OR = 1.168, 95%CI: 1.142-1.194). The stratified analysis showed PM2.5 exhibits lower settlement intention in the aged 55 years or above, engaged in low-skilled works, and living in the western China. This study indicates that PM2.5-exposed will decrease the settlement intention of floating population. High economic development level can weaken the relationship between PM2.5 and settlement intention. Policymakers should balance the socio-economic development and environmental health and focus on vulnerable population.

Associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and incident cases of cerebrovascular disease in Yantai, China.

There are limited studies examining the association between PM2.5 exposure and incident cerebrovascular disease (CD) cases in China. In this study, daily counts of incident CD cases and daily PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in Yantai, Shandong Province, China from 2014 to 2019. We used a combination of the Poisson-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) and a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to examine the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and incident cases of CD. The results revealed that for every 10 µg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CD cases by 0.216% (RR:1.00216, 95%CI:1.0016-1.0028) at lag4. The stratified analysis demonstrated that the females and residents aged 65 years or above presented higher short-term PM2.5-associated CD risks than the males and aged below 65 years. Targeted prevention strategies should be adopted to reduce the PM2.5-related CD burden, especially for the susceptible population in China.

The Efficacy of Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage Combined with Gallbladder-Preserving Cholecystolithotomy in High-Risk Patients with Acute Calculous Cholecystitis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of combining percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) with gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy (GPC) in high-risk patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Methods: Clinical data from 74 high-risk patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, admitted to our hospital between October 2018 and September 2021, were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent PTGD, and 59 of them underwent delayed cholecystectomy, while 14 patients were subjected to GPC 8-12 weeks after the PTGD; one patient, whose life expectancy was fewer than 6 months, was not treated for gallstones after PTGD. Results: In all 74 patients, symptom remission was achieved after the PTGD therapy, and the incidence of catheter-related complications was 10.8%. Among the 59 patients who underwent delayed cholecystectomy (DC) after PTGD, there was a complication incidence of 6.8%. Of the 14 patients who underwent GPC after the PTGD, 13 patients were subjected to the removal of drainage tubes, 1 patient received cholecystostomy catheter draining externally, and two patients (14.3%) had complications. There were no perioperative deaths. Conclusion: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, combined with GPC, is a safe and effective treatment that is suitable for high-risk patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who cannot receive DC. This combined method allows for early acute cholecystitis to settle, helps to remove gallstones at a later stage, and solves the problem of long-term tube drainage after PTGD.

Preoperatively predicting the pathological types of acute appendicitis using machine learning based on peripheral blood biomarkers and clinical features: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish machine learning models for preoperative prediction of the pathological types of acute appendicitis. METHODS: Based on histopathology, 136 patients with acute appendicitis were included and divided into three types: acute simple appendicitis (SA, n=8), acute purulent appendicitis (PA, n=104), and acute gangrenous or perforated appendicitis (GPA, n=24). Patients with SA/PA and PA/GPA were divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. Statistically significant features (P<0.05) for pathology prediction were selected by univariate analysis. According to clinical and laboratory data, machine learning logistic regression (LR) models were built. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used for model assessment. RESULTS: Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain time, neutrophils (NE), CD4+ T cell, helper T cell, B lymphocyte, natural killer (NK) cell counts, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were selected features for the SA/PA group (P<0.05). Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain time, the highest temperature, CD8+ T cell, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were selected features for the PA/GPA group (P<0.05). By using LR models, the blood markers can distinguish SA and PA (training AUC =0.904, testing AUC =0.910). To introduce additional clinical features, the AUC for the testing set increased to 0.926. In the PA/GPA prediction model, AUC with blood biomarkers was 0.834 for the training and 0.821 for the testing set. Combining with clinical features, the AUC for the testing set increased to 0.854. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood biomarkers can predict the pathological type of SA from PA and GPA. Introducing clinical symptoms could further improve the prediction performance.

The Application of Core Needle Biopsy Through the Trocar Hole in the Surgical Operation of Endoscopically Unresectable Giant Colon Polyps: A Systematic Review Study.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to investigate the application of core needle biopsy through the trocar hole during surgery on endoscopically unresectable giant colon polyps. METHODS: The clinical data of 51 patients with endoscopically unresectable giant colon polyps from May 2016 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary observational outcomes were two comparative analyses of pathologic results, using the kappa index: comparison of the pathologic results from the preoperative colonoscopy and the postoperative pathologic results and comparison of the intraoperative pathologic results from core needle biopsy of the intestinal wall and the postoperative pathologic results. The secondary observational outcomes were duration of needle biopsy, operation duration, volume of intraoperative hemorrhage, rate of postoperative wound infection, rate of abdominal cavity infection, length of stay, and number and positivity of lymph node dissections after laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer. RESULTS: Poor consistency was found between the preoperative (colonoscopy) and postoperative pathologic results, with kappa = 0.222 (i.e., kappa < 0.4), P < 0.05. However, good consistency was found between the intraoperative (core needle biopsy) and postoperative pathologic results, with kappa = 0.923 (i.e., kappa ≥ 0.75), P < 0.05. The postoperative pathologic results were as follows: 7 cases of adenomatous polyps of the colon, 12 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 12 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 25 cases of invasive colon cancer. There was no incision infection, no abdominal cavity infection or formation of an abdominal abscess, no anastomotic leakage, and no death for any of the 51 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in two cases (3.92%). CONCLUSION: Biopsy through the trocar hole during laparoscopic surgery produced highly accurate pathologic results and was a fast, safe, and effective diagnostic method. Pathologic results from intraoperative biopsy could accurately determine the nature of colon polyps and provide a basis for choosing an appropriate surgical scheme.