Treatment of Darier Disease with Radiation Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review.

Darier's disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by hyperkeratotic papules, often accompanied by scaling and crusting. Managing DD presents significant challenges due to the absence of an effective cure, with only symptom targeting treatments currently available. This study presents a case of refractory DD that showed poor response to established pharmacological treatments but demonstrated improvement with low-dose superficial X-ray radiotherapy (SRT). The radiation was delivered as a single 200 cGy treatment, which visibly improved the condition. Considering the different degrees of side effects, sequelae, and risk of developing radiation-induced cancer after exposure to moderate levels of radiation, it may be considered that we attempt to treat recalcitrant DD initially by applying a low dose of radiation in order to mitigate these undesired side effects. If larger doses or additional courses are necessary due to inadequate response, the risks and benefits must be carefully evaluated and discussed with patients.

Poly (I:C)-Induced microRNA-30b-5p Negatively Regulates the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway to Mediate the Antiviral Immune Response in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) via Targeting CRFB5.

In aquaculture, viral diseases pose a significant threat and can lead to substantial economic losses. The primary defense against viral invasion is the innate immune system, with interferons (IFNs) playing a crucial role in mediating the immune response. With advancements in molecular biology, the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), in gene expression has gained increasing attention. While the function of miRNAs in regulating the host immune response has been extensively studied, research on their immunomodulatory effects in teleost fish, including silver carp (Hyphthalmichthys molitrix), is limited. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory role of microRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p) in the antiviral immune response of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by targeting cytokine receptor family B5 (CRFB5) via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In this study, silver carp were stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), resulting in the identification of an up-regulated miRNA (miR-30b-5p). Through a dual luciferase assay, it was demonstrated that CRFB5, a receptor shared by fish type I interferon, is a novel target of miR-30b-5p. Furthermore, it was found that miR-30b-5p can suppress post-transcriptional CRFB5 expression. Importantly, this study revealed for the first time that miR-30b-5p negatively regulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby mediating the antiviral immune response in silver carp by targeting CRFB5 and maintaining immune system stability. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of how miRNAs act as negative feedback regulators in teleost fish antiviral immunity but also suggest their potential therapeutic measures to prevent an excessive immune response.

Construction of oral squamous cell carcinoma organoids in vitro 3D-culture for drug screening.

OBJECTIVE: Patient-derived organoids are potent pre-chemotherapy models. Due to limited research on diverse types of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and construction efficiency, our goal was to optimize OSCC organoid models from various sites and assess drug responsiveness. METHODS: We screened and optimized culture media, employing three-dimensional techniques to construct human-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) organoid models in vitro. Morphological validation, immunofluorescence analysis, tissue origin verification, and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) sequencing confirmed the consistency between organoids and source tissues. These organoid models were then subjected to varying concentrations of anticancer drugs, with subsequent assessment of cell viability to calculate IC50 values. RESULTS: Twenty-nine surgical specimens yielded an 86.2% success rate in culturing 25 organoids in vitro. Morphological consistency confirmed nuclear atypia and positive expression of K5, P40, and E-cadherin, indicating squamous epithelial origin. Cultured complex organoids included α-SMA+ tumour-associated fibroblasts and tumour stem cells expressing CD44 and Ki67. STR sequencing affirmed genomic homogeneity between cultured organoids and source tissues. Drug sensitivity testing revealed diverse responses among organoids, highlighting their value for assessing drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: An efficient OSCC organoid culture system for personalized in vitro drug sensitivity screening was established, laying the foundation for precise treatment development.

A study on the morphology of iliac crest based on the objectives of jaw bone defect reconstruction.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the morphological characteristics of iliac crest and provide advice and assistance for jaw bone reconstruction with iliac bone flap by evaluating the thickness and curvature of iliac crest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients who had taken Spiral CT of the Abdominal region before surgeries between 2020 and 2022 were included in this study. 3D reconstruction images of the iliac bones were created. 5 vertical planes perpendicular to the iliac crest were made every 2 cm along the centerline of the iliac crest (VP2 ~ VP10). On these vertical planes, 4 perpendicular lines were made every 1 cm along the long axis of the iliac crest (D1 ~ D4). The thicknesses at these sites, horizontal angle (HA) of iliac crest and the distance between inflection point and the central point of anterior superior iliac spine (DIA) were measured. RESULTS: The thickness of iliac bone decreased significantly from D1 ~ D4 on VP6 ~ VP10 and from VP2 ~ VP10 on D3 and D4 level (P<0.05). HA of iliac crests was 149.13 ± 6.92°, and DIA was 7.36 ± 1.01 cm. Iliac bone thickness, HA and DIA had very weak or weak correlation with patient's age, height and weight. CONCLUSIONS: The average thicknesses of iliac crest were decreased approximately from front to back, from top to bottom. The thickness and curvature of the iliac crest were difficult to predict by age, height and weight. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Virtual surgical planning is recommended before jaw bone reconstruction surgery with iliac bone flap, and iliac crest process towards alveolar process might be a better choice.

Downregulation of miR-1388 Regulates the Expression of Antiviral Genes via Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor 3 Targeting Following poly(I:C) Stimulation in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression to maintain normal physiological functions in fish. Nevertheless, the specific physiological role of miRNAs in lower vertebrates, particularly in comparison to mammals, remains elusive. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the control of antiviral responses triggered by viral stimulation in fish are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory impact of miR-1388 on the signaling pathway mediated by IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Our findings revealed that following stimulation with the viral analog poly(I:C), the expression of miR-1388 was significantly upregulated in primary immune tissues and macrophages. Through a dual luciferase reporter assay, we corroborated a direct targeting relationship between miR-1388 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Furthermore, our study demonstrated a distinct negative post-transcriptional correlation between miR-1388 and TRAF3. We observed a significant negative post-transcriptional regulatory association between miR-1388 and the levels of antiviral genes following poly(I:C) stimulation. Utilizing reporter plasmids, we elucidated the role of miR-1388 in the antiviral signaling pathway activated by TRAF3. By intervening with siRNA-TRAF3, we validated that miR-1388 regulates the expression of antiviral genes and the production of type I interferons (IFN-Is) through its interaction with TRAF3. Collectively, our experiments highlight the regulatory influence of miR-1388 on the IRF3-mediated signaling pathway by targeting TRAF3 post poly(I:C) stimulation. These findings provide compelling evidence for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms through which fish miRNAs participate in immune responses.

The interaction of PRDX1 with Cofilin promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.

Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is an important member of the peroxiredoxin family (PRDX) and is upregulated in a variety of tumors. Previous studies have found that high PRDX1 expression is closely related to the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the specific molecular mechanism is elusive. To elucidate the role of PRDX1 in the metastasis process of OSCC, we evaluated the expression of PRDX1 in OSCC clinical specimens and its impact on the prognosis of OSCC patients. Then, the effect of PRDX1 on OSCC metastasis and cytoskeletal reconstruction was explored in vitro and in nude mouse tongue cancer models, and the molecular mechanisms were also investigated. PRDX1 can directly interact with the actin-binding protein Cofilin, inhibiting the phosphorylation of its Ser3 site, accelerating the depolymerization and turnover of actin, promoting OSCC cell movement, and aggravating the invasion and metastasis of OSCC. In clinical samples and mouse tongue cancer models, PRDX1 also increased lymph node metastasis of OSCC and was negatively correlated with the phosphorylation of Cofilin; PRDX1 also reduced the overall survival rate of OSCC patients. In summary, our study identified that PRDX1 may be a potential therapeutic target to inhibit OSCC metastasis.

Retrospective study of the deep circumflex iliac artery flap and the vascularized fibula free flap for maxillary defect repair.

OBJECTIVES: The deep circumflex iliac artery flap (DCIA) and vascularized fibular free flap (FFF) are mainstay flaps for maxillary defect reconstruction. This study compared the functional outcomes and success rates of these flaps to provide midface reconstruction strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary defects reconstructed with DCIA or FFF at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between May 2016 and May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The length, width, and height of the grafted bone segments; intermaxillary distance; buttress reconstruction rate (BRR); dental arch reconstruction rate (DAR); success rate; and dental implantation rate were compared. RESULTS: The DCIA and FFF groups had 33 and 27 patients, respectively. Success rate in the DCIA group was 93.94 % and 100 % in the FFF group. The DCIA length was less than that of FFF; however, the width and height were significantly larger. 87.10 % of cases in the DCIA group were classified as Brown class b and c, 51.85 % of cases in the FFF group were classified as Brown class d. The average BRR in the DCIA group was 69.89 % ± 16.05 %, which was significantly higher than that in the FFF group. A total of 38.7 % and 11.1 % patients in the DCIA and FFF groups, respectively, had completed implantation. CONCLUSION: DCIA has a greater width and height, and is more suitable for repairing Brown class b and c defects, providing sufficient bone for implantation, while the FFF is longer and more suitable for Brown class d defect reconstruction.

Pulsed electromagnetic field-assisted reduced graphene oxide composite 3D printed nerve scaffold promotes sciatic nerve regeneration in rats.

Peripheral nerve injuries can lead to sensory or motor deficits that have a serious impact on a patient's mental health and quality of life. Nevertheless, it remains a major clinical challenge to develop functional nerve conduits as an alternative to autologous grafts. We applied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a bioactive conductive material to impart electrophysiological properties to a 3D printed scaffold and the application of a pulsed magnetic field to excite the formation of microcurrents and induce nerve regeneration.In vitrostudies showed that the nerve scaffold and the pulsed magnetic field made no effect on cell survival, increased S-100ßprotein expression, enhanced cell adhesion, and increased the expression level of nerve regeneration-related mRNAs.In vivoexperiments suggested that the protocol was effective in promoting nerve regeneration, resulting in functional recovery of sciatic nerves in rats, when they were damaged close to that of the autologous nerve graft, and increased expression of S-100ß, NF200, and GAP43. These results indicate that rGO composite nerve scaffolds combined with pulsed magnetic field stimulation have great potential for peripheral nerve rehabilitation.

Comparison of the efficacy of Aeromonas veronii ΔhisJ vaccine in Carassius auratus via different immunization routes.

Introdction: Aeromonas veronii is a significant pathogen to various aquatic life. Infections in fish can lead to high mortality rates, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. Vaccination is proposed as a substitute for antibiotics in aquaculture to decrease disease-related mortality and morbidity. Our study previously constructed a hisJ-deleted strain of A. veronii, which provided protective effect to Loach. Methods: To further assess the vaccine's applicability, this study evaluated its genetic stability and safety, and the immune protective effects in Carassius auratus through four distinct administration routes: intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, oral administration, and immersion, to determine the efficacy of these administration routes. Results: The results showed that the vaccine remained genetically stable after 45 generations. Immunization via these administration routes was safe for Carassius auratus, with intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections causing stronger adverse reactions. Immersion immunization resulted in mild adverse reactions, and no significant adverse reactions were observed following oral immunization. Immunizing Carassius auratus at safe concentrations via these routes enhanced the phagocytic activity in serum, increased the levels of non-specific immune-related enzymes (ACP, AKP, C3, C4, LZM, SOD, and IgM), and improved specific serum antibody levels. It also elevated levels of cytokines related to inflammatory responses (IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-ß) in organ tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, mid-post intestine, and gills). The survival rates of Carassius auratus were measured after challenging with the virulent strain A. veronii TH0426, resulting in the relative survival rates of 64% for Intraperitoneal vaccine group, 56% for Intramuscular vaccine group, 52% for oral vaccine group, and 48% for immersion vaccine group. Analysis of bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and kidney post-challenge showed a decreasing trend in the control group, indicating that the vaccine strain ΔhisJ could gradually restrict the rapid proliferation of bacteria in these tissues, thereby providing a certain level of immune protection against A. veronii. Discussion: In brief, the vaccine strain ΔhisJ can serve as a safe live attenuated vaccine for Carassius auratus, and this study lays the foundation for the development of live attenuated vaccines against Aeromonas veronii.

Acanthopanax senticosus cultures fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus enhanced immune response through improvement of antioxidant activity and inflammation in crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been recognized as safe microorganism that improve micro-flora disturbances and enhance immune response. A well-know traditional herbal medicine, Acanthopanax senticosus (As) was extensively utilized in aquaculture to improve growth performance and disease resistance. Particularly, the septicemia, skin wound and gastroenteritis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila threaten the health of aquatic animals and human. However, the effects of probiotic fermented with A. senticosus product on the immune regulation and pathogen prevention in fish remain unclear. Here, the aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the A. senticosus fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus improve immune barrier function. The crucian carp were fed with basal diet supplemented with L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus cultures at 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % bacterial inoculum for 8 weeks. After trials, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly increased, especially in LGG-6 group. The results confirmed that the level of the CAT, GSH-PX, SOD, lysozyme, and MDA was enhanced in fish received with probiotic fermented product. Moreover, the L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus cultures could trigger innate and adaptive immunity, including the up-regulation of the C3, C4, and IgM concentration. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that stronger mRNA transcription of IL-1ß, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MyD88 genes in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and gills tissues of fish treated with probiotic fermented with A. senticosus product. After infected with A. hydrophila, the survival rate of the LGG-2 (40 %), LGG-4 (50 %), LGG-6 (60 %), LGG-8 (50 %) groups was higher than the control group. Meanwhile, the pathological damage of the liver, spleen, head-kidney, and intestine tissues of probiotic fermentation-fed fish could be alleviated after pathogen infection. Therefore, the present work indicated that L. rhamnosus fermented A. senticosus could be regard as a potential intestine-target therapy strategy to protecting fish from pathogenic bacteria infection.

Botulinum toxin type A inhibits M1 macrophage polarization by deactivation of JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathway and contributes to scar alleviation in aseptic skin wound healing.

The non-neuronal and non-muscular effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on scar reduction has been discovered. This study was designed to investigate the effects of BTXA on macrophages polarization during the early stage of skin repair. A skin defect model was established on the dorsal skin of SD rats. BTXA was intracutaneous injected into the edge of wound immediately as the model was established. Histological examinations were performed on scar samples. Raw 264.7 was selected as the cell model of recruited circulating macrophages, and was induced for M1 polarization by LPS. Identify the signaling pathways that primarily regulated M1 polarization and respond to BTXA treatment. Application of BTXA at early stage of injury significantly reduced the scar diameter without delaying wound closure. BTXA treatment improved fiber proliferation and arrangement, and inhibited angiogenesis in scar granular tissue. The number of M1 macrophages and the levels of pro-inflammation were decreased after treated with BTXA in scar tissues. LPS activated JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathways were downregulated by BTXA, as well as LPS induced M1 polarization. At early stage of skin wound healing, injection of BTXA effectively reduced the number of M1 macrophages and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators which contributes to scar alleviation. BTXA resisted the M1 polarization of macrophages induced by LPS via deactivating the JAK2/STAT1 and IκB/NFκB pathways.

Identification and Characterization of Immune-Associated MicroRNAs in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Responding to Aeromonas veronii and LPS Stimulation.

The ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) can easily cause inflammatory reactions in aquatic organisms, resulting in high mortality and huge economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in immune regulation and have certain conserved properties. MiRNAs are involved in the immune responses of a variety of teleost fish infected with bacteria, whereas there is no related report in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Therefore, we identified the expression profiles of miRNA in silver carp stimulated by A. veronii and LPS. Among them, the quantity of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) obtained in the silver carp challenge group was 73 (A. veronii) and 90 (LPS). The GO enrichment and analysis of KEGG pathways have shown that the predicted target genes are mainly associated with lipid metabolism and the immune response in silver carp. This indicates the possibility that miRNAs play a role in regulating immune-related pathways. In addition, a total of eight DEmiRNAs validated the accuracy of the sequencing result via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, we selected the silver carp head kidney macrophage cells (HKCs) as model cells and proved that miR-30b-5p can regulate the inflammatory response in silver carp HKCs. This study lays the foundation for exploring miRNA regulation in silver carp during pathogenic bacterial infection. In addition, it provides a reference for the future development of non-coding RNA antibacterial drugs.

One-stage jaw reconstruction and prosthetic rehabilitation with an iliac flap: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: One-stage jaw reconstruction with fibular flap and prosthetic rehabilitation restores bony and dental continuity simultaneously. It was also called as "jaw-in-a-day (JIAD)" technique. However, bone volume and height of fibular flap may be insufficient for dental implant insertion. The provision of a considerable amount of bone makes an iliac flap the ideal choice in these cases. We present the first case report to document the use of one-stage jaw reconstruction and prosthetic rehabilitation with the iliac flap. CASE PRESENTATION: We modified the conventional JIAD workflow to make it suitable for iliac flap. Two cases were presented who both underwent segmental mandibulectomy for ameloblastoma. Virtual surgical planning was performed in all cases. The iliac crest was positioned upward to provide cortical bone for achieving primary stability of dental implants. Similar to the "all-on-4" procedure, the iliac bone was placed 12 to 15 mm below the occlusal plane to create adequate space for the implant-retained prosthesis. Immediate implant-based dental rehabilitation was performed at same stage. The surgery was successful in all cases without any short-term complications. In the first postoperative week, patients were given a liquid diet through a nasal feeding tube. The liquid diet is advised until 1 month after the surgery. Thereafter, a soft diet is recommended. Patients were advised to resume routine mastication and normal diet 3 months after the surgery. Peri-implantitis occurred in one patient, and additional gingival graft was required. Postoperative function and esthetics were satisfactory at the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: One-stage jaw reconstruction and prosthetic rehabilitation with the iliac flap are safe and useful for restoring postoperative function and esthetics. It should be used in more cases with a longer follow-up in further studies.

Continuous Monitoring of Buried Free Bone Flap Microcirculation Using a Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System.

SUMMARY: Postoperative evaluation of free flaps remains a challenging task. The current accepted standard for diagnosis of vascular compromise remains clinical observation. In recent years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used as a noninvasive objective monitoring tool for postoperative evaluation of soft-tissue flaps. However, methods for monitoring bone flaps remain inadequate. In this study, NIRS was applied for the first time to monitor free buried bone flaps that were used for mandibular reconstruction. The penetrating property of NIRS was used to measure the tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of deep tissues, which reflected the microcirculatory status of the tissues. Changes in TOI values were monitored continuously in 59 cases of free bone flaps up to 72 hours after surgery. Five cases of vascular compromise were noted by clinical observation. Two fibula flaps were total failures, one of which showed a sharp decrease in TOI value to 45% in a short period of time; the other showed a continual gradual decrease to 55%. The observed sudden (<50%) and continuous (>10%) decreases in TOI values suggest that more attention should be paid to revision surgical procedures. The authors conclude that NIRS holds promise as an objective and valid method for clinical evaluation of buried bone flaps.

A comparison of accuracy among different approaches of static-guided implant placement in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the accuracy of immediate intraoral, immediate extraoral, and delayed dental implant placement with surgical guides (static computer-aided implant surgery) in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The patients were divided into three groups: immediate intraoral placement (IIO), immediate extraoral placement (IEO), and delayed placement (DEL). Four variables were used to compare the planned and actual implant positions: angular deviation, three-dimensional (3D) deviation at the entry point of the implant, 3D deviation at the apical point of the implant, and depth deviation. RESULTS: The angular deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. The 3D deviation at the entry point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The 3D deviation at the apical point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .01) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The depth deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. There was no statistical difference between the IEO and DEL group in angular and 3D deviation. CONCLUSION: With surgical guides, among the different approaches for implant placement, delayed implant placement remains the most accurate approach for patients treated with mandibular reconstruction.

Reconstruction of the anterior maxillary defect using a vascularized bone flap with residual teeth in the posterior maxilla.

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical bone reconstruction is challenging in cases of anterior maxillary defects because of the presence of residual teeth. The study analyzed the method and feasibility of using vascularized bone flaps to reconstruct anterior maxillary defects. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School, and Hospital of Stomatology between November 2017 and January 2023. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients were successfully reconstructed using the digital technique: 6 deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flaps and 8 fibular free flaps. Palatal and buccal pedicle paths were used in 4 and 10 cases, respectively, for vascular anastomosis. The implant coverage rates of the DCIA and fibular free flaps were 87.2% and 92.6%, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Anterior maxillary defects reconstructed with the DCIA and fibular free flaps are reliable methods. Furthermore, the palatal and buccal paths are recommended for vascular anastomosis.

Establishment of a Model for Human Hypertrophic Scar Using Tissue Engineering Method.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of human hypertrophic scar (HS) is a challenge for plastic surgeons, whereas the clinical and experimental research has been limited due to the lack of an ideal model of human HS tissue. OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of human HS using tissue engineering method, to improve the research for HS in the clinic and laboratory. METHODS: Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFBs) were transferred to polylactic acid (PLA)/polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds. Biocompatibility of HSFBs-PLA/PGA composites was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Composites of HSFBs-PLA/PGA were implanted in subcutaneous pockets in athymic mice after 4 weeks in vitro culture. A re-entry operation was performed to obtain the HS-like tissues after 12 weeks of in vivo culture. The histological stain, the expression of type I collagen, the proliferation ability, and vitality of HSFBs were compared between human HS tissue and HS-like tissue. RESULTS: The structure of PLA/PGA scaffolds facilitates HSFBs adhesion and proliferation. The HSFBs-PLA/PGA composites were in vivo cultured for 12 weeks, and then HS-like tissues were harvested from nude athymic mice. There was no statistical significance in the expression of type I collagen, cell cycle, and cell proliferation between human HS tissue and HS-like tissue. CONCLUSION: The authors successfully established a model of human HS using the tissue engineering method, which could provide HS-like tissue for research. And it also could provide enough HS-like tissues to help reduce experimental variability within groups. This model can be used to investigate in prevention and treatment of HS and further explore the mechanisms of HS.

The establishment and application of a dual Nano-PCR detection method for feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus type I.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) and Feline herpesvirus type I (FHV-I) are the main pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in cats, and some wild animals. These two viruses always coinfection and cause serious harm to pet industry and wild animals protection. Established a rapid and accurate differential diagnosis method is crucial for prevention and control of disease, however, the current main detection method for these two viruses, either is low sensitivity (immunochromatographic strip), or is time-consuming and cannot differential diagnosis (conventional single PCR). Nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (Nano-PCR) is a recently developed technique for rapid detection method of virus and bacteria. In this study, we described a dual Nano-PCR assay through combining the nanotechnology and PCR technology, which for the clinical simultaneous detection of FCV and FHV-I and differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections in cats or other animals. Under optimized conditions, the optimal annealing temperature for dual Nano-PCR was 51.5°C, and specificity test results showed it had no cross reactivity to related virus, such as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline Infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and rabies virus (RABV). Furthermore, the detection limit of dual Nano-PCR for FCV and FHV-I both were 1 × 10-8 ng/µL, convert to number of copies of virus DNA was 6.22 × 103copies/µL (FCV) and 2.81 × 103copies/µL (FHV-I), respectively. The dual Nano-PCR detected result of 52 cat clinical samples, including ocular, nasal and faecal swabs, and (3 FCV-positive samples), was consistent with ordinary PCR and the clinical detection results. The dual Nano-PCR method established in this study with strong specificity and high sensitivity can be used for virus nucleic acid (FCV and FHV-I) detection of clinical samples of feline upper respiratory tract infections feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus while providing support for the early diagnosis of cats that infected by FCV and FHV-I.

Changes of the facial soft tissue after mandibular reconstruction using vascularized iliac flap.

OBJECTIVES: To reveal the change patterns of the facial soft tissue after applying mandibular reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16 Patients with mandibular benign tumor were recruited in this retrospective study. For all patients, segmental mandibular osteotomy and concurrent reconstruction using vascularized iliac flap were conducted. The soft tissue thickness of patients' lower face was measured with CT scans before surgery, 1 week, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The time-dependent changes of tissue thickness were analyzed. RESULTS: The most significant tissue swelling was 28.86%, at 1 week after the surgery. The average increase of tissue thickness was 4.78 ± 5.30 mm across patient. After 1 year of the surgery, tissue thickness decreased to the level before operation or the level of the healthy side. The thickness of the low-density tissue fluctuated mildly, while the thickness of the high-density tissue fluctuated significantly. The disuse atrophy of the masseter occurred 1 week after the surgery, and was reversed after 1 year. The removal of the submandibular gland caused depression in submandibular area, which intensified over time. CONCLUSION: Across patients, soft tissue thickness in the lower face after mandibular osteotomy and reconstruction increased significantly 1 week after the surgery, and decreased over time. After 1 year, tissue thickness went back to the pre-surgery level, where matched up with the healthy side. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We documented the change patterns of the facial soft tissue after mandibular reconstruction. These results can help improve the planning of virtual surgeries and the timing for aesthetic assessment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2100054103.