In vitro reconstitution reveals membrane clustering and RNA recruitment by the enteroviral AAA+ ATPase 2C.

Enteroviruses are a vast genus of positive-sense RNA viruses that cause diseases ranging from common cold to poliomyelitis and viral myocarditis. They encode a membrane-bound AAA+ ATPase, 2C, that has been suggested to serve several roles in virus replication, e.g. as an RNA helicase and capsid assembly factor. Here, we report the reconstitution of full-length, poliovirus 2C's association with membranes. We show that the N-terminal membrane-binding domain of 2C contains a conserved glycine, which is suggested by structure predictions to divide the domain into two amphipathic helix regions, which we name AH1 and AH2. AH2 is the main mediator of 2C oligomerization, and is necessary and sufficient for its membrane binding. AH1 is the main mediator of a novel function of 2C: clustering of membranes. Cryo-electron tomography reveal that several 2C copies mediate this function by localizing to vesicle-vesicle interfaces. 2C-mediated clustering is partially outcompeted by RNA, suggesting a way by which 2C can switch from an early role in coalescing replication organelles and lipid droplets, to a later role where 2C assists RNA replication and particle assembly. 2C is sufficient to recruit RNA to membranes, with a preference for double-stranded RNA (the replicating form of the viral genome). Finally, the in vitro reconstitution revealed that full-length, membrane-bound 2C has ATPase activity and ATP-independent, single-strand ribonuclease activity, but no detectable helicase activity. Together, this study suggests novel roles for 2C in membrane clustering, RNA membrane recruitment and cleavage, and calls into question a role of 2C as an RNA helicase. The reconstitution of functional, 2C-decorated vesicles provides a platform for further biochemical studies into this protein and its roles in enterovirus replication.

Breakthrough Opportunities of Nanotheranostics in Psoriasis: From Pathogenesis to Management Strategy.

BACKGROUND: In this paper, we have discussed recent advances in our understanding of the aetiology of psoriasis, particularly as they relate to aryl hydrocarbon receptors in DCs, Langerhans cells, macrophages, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways, and dermal vascular endothelial cells. Here, we have shown that the ability to target specific cellular and molecular components of psoriasis pathogenesis with nanoscale precision using phos-phodiesterase 4 inhibitors represents a transformative opportunity to address the complex nature of this dermatological condition. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we have examined the molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenic features of psoriasis and new treatments being tested in clinical settings. There is research being done on new treatments created in the last ten years. This field highlights the advantages of nan-otechnological technologies as cutting-edge candidates for drug delivery systems in psoriasis and other inflammatory chronic skin disorders. Future Developments: Nanotechnology-based treatments currently under study show good effi-cacy and low side effect profiles. However, long-term prospective trials are required to demon-strate long-term safety and effectiveness. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, combinations of vitamin D3 derivatives and corticoster-oids, and coal tar formulations are some of the newer topical treatments for psoriasis. CONCLUSION: The psoriasis treatment continues to involve conventional medications (i.e., medi-cines that are generally acknowledged as either normal therapy or outdated remedies), whether used topically or orally. Nonetheless, we are starting to see initiatives to create pharmaceuticals and biosimilars with better therapeutic results, fewer side effects, and greater efficacy.

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of XBB.1.16 variant in Rajasthan.

PURPOSE: Genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is important to monitor the genetic changes occurring in virus, this was enhanced after the WHO designation of XBB.1.16 as a variant under monitoring in March 2023. From 5th February till May 6, 2023 all positive SARS-CoV-2 samples were monitored for genetic changes. METHODS: A total of 1757 samples having Ct value <25 (for E and ORF gene) from different districts of Rajasthan were processed for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The FASTA files obtained on sequencing were used for lineage determination using Nextclade and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Sequencing and lineage identification was done in 1624 samples. XBB.1.16 was the predominant lineage in 1413 (87.0%) cases while rest was other XBB (207, 12.74%) and other lineages (4, 0.2%). Of the 1413 XBB.1.16 cases, 57.47% were males and 42.53% were females. Majority (66.53%) belonged to 19-59 year age. 84.15% of XBB.1.16 cases were infected for the first time. Hospitalization was required in only 2.2% cases and death was reported in 5 (0.35%) patients. Most of the cases were symptomatic and the commonest symptoms were fever, cough and rhinorrhea. Co-morbidities were present in 414 (29.3%) cases. Enhanced genomic surveillance helped to rapidly identify the spread of XBB variant in Rajasthan. This in turn helped to take control measures to prevent spread of virus and estimate public health risks of the new variant relative to the previously circulating lineages. XBB variant was found to spread rapidly but produced milder disease.

Konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review of its extraction, health benefits, and pharmaceutical applications.

Konjac glucomannan (KG) is a dietary fiber hydrocolloid derived from Amorphophallus konjac tubers and is widely utilized as a food additive and dietary supplement. As a health-conscious choice, purified KG, along with konjac flour and KG-infused diets, have gained widespread acceptance in Asian and European markets. An overview of the chemical composition and structure of KG is given in this review, along with thorough explanations of the processes used in its extraction, production, and purification. KG has been shown to promote health by reducing glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and blood pressure, thereby offering significant weight loss advantages. Furthermore, this review delves into the extensive health benefits and pharmaceutical applications of KG and its derivatives, emphasizing its prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. This study highlights how these natural polysaccharides can positively influence health, underscoring their potential in various biomedical applications.

Lipid-Based Nanomedicine for Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is expected to greatly rise in future, making it a major worldwide health concern with severe impacts on individuals and society. Despite advancements in understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent decades, it still poses a significant problem. A major problem is accurately delivering drugs to diseased neurons while minimising effects on healthy neurons. This difficulty is worsened by the low water solubility of anti-Alzheimer's disease medicines and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that hinders the entry of central nervous system pharmaceuticals that are highly lipophilic. OBJECTIVE: The focus of this article is on nanocarriers that are lipid-based. This is one of the more widely accepted methods of treating Alzheimer's disease, as it increases therapeutic efficacy while decreasing side effects related to cooperated neurological disorder payload. METHOD: Searched many databases for papers published under the title (including PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar). RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Nano Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are recognized for their ability to target the brain effectively due to their lipid-loving properties and compatibility with living tissues. They improve the absorption of drugs in the brain while decreasing the accumulation of drugs in unintended organs. This work emphasises the importance of nano lipid carriers, which are lipophilic and biocompatible and have demonstrated exceptional targeting efficiency, making them an ideal carrier system for delivering medications to the brain.

Cost-effectiveness and threshold analysis of deep brain stimulation vs. treatment-as-usual for treatment-resistant depression.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 2.8 million people in the U.S. with estimated annual healthcare costs of $43.8 billion. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently an investigational intervention for TRD. We used a decision-analytic model to compare cost-effectiveness of DBS to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for TRD. Because this therapy is not FDA approved or in common use, our goal was to establish an effectiveness threshold that trials would need to demonstrate for this therapy to be cost-effective. Remission and complication rates were determined from review of relevant studies. We used published utility scores to reflect quality of life after treatment. Medicare reimbursement rates and health economics data were used to approximate costs. We performed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER; USD/quality-adjusted life year [QALY]) at a 5-year time horizon. Cost-effectiveness was defined using willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds of $100,000/QALY and $50,000/QALY for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. We included 274 patients across 16 studies from 2009-2021 who underwent DBS for TRD and had ≥12 months follow-up in our model inputs. From a healthcare sector perspective, DBS using non-rechargeable devices (DBS-pc) would require 55% and 85% remission, while DBS using rechargeable devices (DBS-rc) would require 11% and 19% remission for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. From a societal perspective, DBS-pc would require 35% and 46% remission, while DBS-rc would require 8% and 10% remission for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. DBS-pc will unlikely be cost-effective at any time horizon without transformative improvements in battery longevity. If remission rates ≥8-19% are achieved, DBS-rc will likely be more cost-effective than TAU for TRD, with further increasing cost-effectiveness beyond 5 years.

Brønsted Acid-Promoted Cyclodimerization of α,ß-Unsaturated γ-Ketoesters: Construction of Fused Pyrano-ketal-lactones and γ-Ylidene-butenolides.

Unprecedented MsOH-promoted diastereoselective cascade dimerization and intramolecular lactonization of readily accessible α,ß-unsaturated γ-ketoesters are presented. The results obtained in this work, control experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the initial enolization and E to Z isomerization/equilibration of olefin (C=C) of substrate α,ß-unsaturated γ-ketoesters give a Z-isomer preferentially over an E-isomer. Subsequently, the Z-isomer undergoes intermolecular annulation with α,ß-unsaturated γ-ketoesters via domino Michael addition/ketalization/lactonization steps to furnish fused tetracyclic pyrano-ketal-lactone. However, the Z-isomer prefers intramolecular trans-esterification in a competing pathway and gives bicyclic γ-ylidene-butenolide. The key features of this work include simple Brønsted acid catalysis, the formation of three bonds, two rings, and three contiguous stereogenic centers in a single step, DFT calculations, and the assignment of relative stereochemistry through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.

In vitro and in silico study of eggplant extract on human cancer cell lines.

The aim of this research was to study the metabolite composition, antioxidative potential and cytotoxic activities of Solanum melongena fruit extracts. Phytochemical analyses of extracts were performed using LC-MS. Phenolic compounds were the major constituents present in the fruit extracts. Free radical scavenging activities were recorded and the highest activities were reported in methanolic extracts using DPPH (103.70 ± 2.75 EC50 µg/mL), ABTS (81.74 ± 3.64 EC50 µg/mL), and FRAP (22.39 ± 1.52 µmol TE/g) assays. Quantification has suggested the presence of delphinidin derivatives, and caffeic acid conjugates as major constituents of fruit extracts. The potential binding of these derivatives with human cell surface receptors was analysed using in silico analysis and validated for cytotoxic and apoptotic effects using in vitro studies on human cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract has shown the highest cytotoxic activity.

Recent advancements in the physiological, genetic, and genomic research on Rhododendrons for trait improvement.

High species diversity, hybridization potential, broad geographical dispersal range and ornamental characteristics (i.e., attractive size, shape, structure, flowers, and evergreen) have fetched a good international market for Rhododendron. However, most species are restricted to specific geographic areas due to their habitat specificity in acidic soil and cold climates, resulting many species being classified under threat categories of the IUCN. In this review, advances in research on Rhododendron for improvement to floral display quality and stress resistance have been described. The low genetic barrier among species has created opportunities for extensive hybridization and ploidy alteration for introducing quality and adaptive traits during the development of new varieties. Recent technological advances have supported investigations into the mechanism of flower development, as well as cold tolerance and pathogen resistance mechanisms in the Rhododendron. However, most of the species have limited adaptability to drought, line-tolerance, pathogen resistance, and high-temperature conditions and this resistance ability present in few species largely remains unexplored. Additionally, the available genetic diversity and genomic information on species, and possibilities for their application in molecular breeding have been summarized. Overall, genomic resource data are scarce in the majority of the members of this genus. Finally, various research gaps such as genetic mapping of quality traits, understanding the molecular mechanism of quality-related traits and genomic assortment in Rhododendron members have been discussed in the future perspective section. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04006-6.

Role of miRNAs in Brain Development.

Non-coding RNAs that are small in size, called microRNAs (miRNAs), exert a conse-quence in neutralizing gene activity after transcription. The nervous system is a massively ex-pressed organ, and an expanding body of research reveals the vital functions that miRNAs play in the brain's growth and neural activity. The significant benefit of miRNAs on the development of the central nervous system is currently shown through new scientific methods that concentrate on targeting and eradicating vital miRNA biogenesis pathways the elements involving Dicer and DGCR8. Modulation of miRNA has been associated with numerous essential cellular processes on neural progenitors, like differentiation, proliferation, and destiny determination. Current re-search discoveries that emphasize the significance of miRNAs in the complex process of brain development are included in this book. The miRNA pathway plays a major role in brain devel-opment, its operational dynamics, and even diseases. Recent studies on miRNA-mediated gene regulation within neural discrepancy, the circadian period and synaptic remodeling are signs of this. We also discussed how these discoveries may affect our comprehension of the fundamental processes behind brain diseases, highlighting the novel therapeutic opportunities miRNAs pro-vide for treating various human illnesses.

Impact of NF-κB Signaling and Sirtuin-1 Protein for Targeted Inflammatory Intervention.

This detailed review disclosed the NF-κB pro-inflammatory gen's activity regulation and explored the therapeutic significance, activation, and inhibition. This study uncovers the structural intricacies of the NF-κB proteins and highlights the key role of SIRT1 in NF-kB signaling pathway regulation. Particularly the Rel Homology Domain (RHD), elucidating interactions and the regulatory mechanisms involving inhibitory proteins like IκB and p100 within the NF-κB signaling cascade. Disruption of the pathway is important in uncontrolled inflammation and immune disorders. This study extensively describes the role connections of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways of NF-κB with inflammatory and cellular responses. SIRT1 belongs to the class III histone deacetylase, via RelA/p65 deacetylation, it regulates the activity of NF-κB, closely linked with the NAD+/NADH cellular ratio, influencing stress responses, aging processes, gene regulation, and metabolic pathways. This detailed study reveals SIRT1 as a crucial avenue for uncovering the role of imbalanced NF-κB in diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This study provides valuable knowledge about the therapeutic targets of inflammatory disorders.

Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are craniofacial pain syndromes characterized by recurrent brief shock-like pains in the distributions of their respective cranial nerves. In this article, the authors aim to summarize each condition's characteristics, pathophysiology, and current pharmacotherapeutic and surgical interventions available for managing and treating these conditions.

Phytochemicals, Herbal Extracts, and Dietary Supplements for Metabolic Disease Management.

Comprehensive and effective care techniques have become essential due to the global epidemic dimensions of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular ailments. Recent research highlights the potential of dietary supplements, herbal extracts, and phytochemicals in treating metabolic diseases. This abstract conveys the current state of the science in this field by highlighting these findings' underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. Plant-based diets contain naturally occurring bioactive molecules termed phytochemicals, which have shown promise in treating various metabolic illnesses. Examples include curcumin, flavonoids, and polyphenols' insulin-sensitizing, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. Herbal extracts, derived from ancient medicinal herbs, have been used by people for years to treat a wide range of ailments. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of these strategies in improving lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, and overall cardiovascular health. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the numerous nutritional supplements that are critical to metabolic health. These vitamins improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood sugar, and decrease inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics also affect the gut flora, which significantly affects metabolic function. These natural medicines' ability to treat metabolic diseases either by themselves or in combination with conventional medical interventions. However, when using it therapeutically, one must consider the differences in doses, individual responses, and bioavailability. The article concludes that phytochemicals, plant extracts, and food supplements offer a promising avenue for the management of metabolic illnesses. Comprehensive research, including clinical studies, is needed to ascertain their safety and efficacy characteristics. When added to treatment strategies, these natural therapies could be helpful supplements that improve overall health and the quality of life among individuals with metabolic diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, can potentially prevent kidney injury in hyperuricemia by reducing uric acid, inflammation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and activating antioxidants. Further research and professional consultation are essential. Factors contributing to metabolic diseases, current approaches to management nutritional approaches for managing obesityassociated metabolic impairments in the liver and small intestine, and nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation are also explained briefly.

Biobased Nanomaterials: Pioneering Innovations for Biomedical Advancements.

The purpose of this review article is to provide a complete overview of the fastdeveloping topic of biobased nanomaterials and the various uses that they have. An extensive study into the utilization of biological resources for nanotechnology has been motivated by the growing demand for materials that are both sustainable and favorable to the environment. In this review, the different uses of biobased nanomaterials across a variety of fields are investigated. When it comes to drug delivery systems, biosensors, nanocarriers, and catalysts, biobased nanomaterials are interesting choices because of their unique qualities. These properties include biocompatibility, programmable surface chemistry, and inherent functionality. Also, in the biomedical field, biobased nanomaterials offer promising prospects for revolutionizing medical diagnostics and therapies. Their biocompatibility, tunable surface chemistry, and inherent functionalities make them attractive candidates for applications such as targeted drug delivery, imaging contrast agents, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, the study discusses the current difficulties and potential future developments in the industry, emphasizing the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing innovation. The incorporation of nanomaterials derived from biological sources into conventional applications holds tremendous potential for the advancement of sustainable development and provides solutions to global concerns. For the purpose of providing researchers, scientists, and professionals with a complete grasp of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of biobased nanomaterials, the purpose of this review is to serve as a helpful resource.

Syntheses and Properties of Hole-Transporting Biindenofluorenes.

Described herein is a straightforward approach to synthesizing three biindenofluorene (BIF) derivatives, composed of antiaromatic indenofluorene units, which are the first non-alternant congeners of known bipentacene. Dimerization of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene and indeno[2,1-c]fluorene units by connecting carbons 3 and 3' and carbons 2 and 2', respectively, is shown to influence the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the resulting BIFs, affording band gaps (1.5-1.6 eV) that are smaller than that of a known indenofluorene polymer (2.3 eV). The hole mobilities of BIFs were determined to be ∼10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1.

Unraveling the Emerging Niche Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Extracellular vesicles or exosomes, often known as EVs, have acquired significant attention in the investigations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have a distinct advantage in actively researching the fundamental mechanisms underlying various clinical symptoms and diagnosing the wide range of traumatic brain injury cases. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can produce and release exosomes, which offer therapeutic benefits. Exosomes are tiny membranous vesicles produced by various cellular entities originating from endosomes. Several studies have reported that administering MSC-derived exosomes through intravenous infusions improves neurological recovery and promotes neuroplasticity in rats with traumatic brain damage. The therapeutic advantages of exosomes can be attributed to the microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding regulatory RNAs that significantly impact the regulation of posttranscriptional genes. Exosome-based therapies, which do not involve cells, have lately gained interest as a potential breakthrough in enhancing neuroplasticity and accelerating neurological recovery for various brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. This article explores the benefits and drawbacks of exosome treatment for traumatic brain injury while emphasizing the latest advancements in this field with clinical significance.

Ultrastructural insights into the microsporidian infection apparatus reveal the kinetics and morphological transitions of polar tube and cargo during host cell invasion.

During host cell invasion, microsporidian spores translocate their entire cytoplasmic content through a thin, hollow superstructure known as the polar tube. To achieve this, the polar tube transitions from a compact spring-like state inside the environmental spore to a long needle-like tube capable of long-range sporoplasm delivery. The unique mechanical properties of the building blocks of the polar tube allow for an explosive transition from compact to extended state and support the rapid cargo translocation process. The molecular and structural factors enabling this ultrafast process and the structural changes during cargo delivery are unknown. Here, we employ light microscopy and in situ cryo-electron tomography to visualize multiple ultrastructural states of the Vairimorpha necatrix polar tube, allowing us to evaluate the kinetics of its germination and characterize the underlying morphological transitions. We describe a cargo-filled state with a unique ordered arrangement of microsporidian ribosomes, which cluster along the thin tube wall, and an empty post-translocation state with a reduced diameter but a thicker wall. Together with a proteomic analysis of endogenously affinity-purified polar tubes, our work provides comprehensive data on the infection apparatus of microsporidia and uncovers new aspects of ribosome regulation and transport.

The prognostic utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in spinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reportedly an effective prognostic tool across various medical and surgical fields, but its value in spinal surgery is unestablished. We aim to investigate the relationship between elevated baseline/postoperative NLR and patient outcomes in spinal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases for studies investigating the prognostic value of NLR in spine patients.Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analysed on the RevMan 5.4 software. Where meta-analysis was not possible, we vote-counted the direction of the effect of elevated NLR. The GRADE framework for prognostic factor research was utilised to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome measure. RESULTS: Five outcome measures (overall survival, mortality, disease-free survival, functional recovery and complications) were assessed across 16 studies involving 5471 patients. Elevated baseline NLR was associated with reduced overall survival (HR: 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.05 - 2.54) (GRADE: low) and worsened functional recovery (OR: 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.87 - 0.98) (GRADE: low). There was no association between baseline NLR and disease-free survival (HR: 2.42, 95 % CI: 0.49 - 11.83) (GRADE: very low) or mortality (OR: 1.39, 95 % CI: 0.41 - 4.75) (GRADE: very low). Elevated NLR levels measured on days 3-4 and days 6-7 postoperatively, but not NLR measured at baseline or on days 1-2 postoperatively, were associated with greater risks of complications (GRADE: low). CONCLUSIONS: NLR is an objective tool with the potential to identify the patients that would benefit from surgery and facilitate shared decision-making.

Size Matters: Computational Insights into the Crowning of Noble Gas Trioxides.

In pursuit of enhancing the stability of the highly explosive and shock-sensitive compound XeO3, we performed quantum chemical calculations to investigate its possible complexation with electron-rich crown ethers, including 9-crown-3, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and 21-crown-7, as well as their thio analogues. Furthermore, we expanded our study to other noble gas trioxides (NgO3), namely, KrO3 and ArO3. The basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected interaction energies for these adducts range from -13.0 kcal/mol to -48.2 kcal/mol, which is notably high for σ-hole-mediated noncovalent interactions. The formation of these adducts was observed to be more favorable with the increase in the ring size of the crowns and less favorable while going from XeO3 to ArO3. A comprehensive analysis by various computational tools such as the mapping of the electrostatic potential (ESP), Wiberg bond indices (WBIs), Bader's theory of atoms-in-molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots, and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) revealed that the C-H···O interactions, as well as dispersion interactions, play a pivotal role in stabilizing adducts involving larger crowns. A noteworthy outcome of our study is the revelation of a coordination number of 9 for xenon in the complex formed between XeO3 and the thio analogue of 18-crown-6, which is higher than the largest number reported to date.

Potential Impact of Bioactive Compounds as NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: An Update.

The inflammasome NLRP3 comprises a caspase recruitment domain, a pyrin domain containing receptor 3, an apoptosis-linked protein like a speck containing a procaspase-1, and an attached nucleotide domain leucine abundant repeat. There are a wide variety of stimuli that can activate the inflammasome NLRP3. When activated, the protein NLRP3 appoints the adapter protein ASC. Adapter ASC protein then recruits the procaspase-1 protein, which causes the procaspase- 1 protein to be cleaved and activated, which induces cytokines. At the same time, abnormal activation of inflammasome NLRP3 is associated with many diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, a significant amount of effort has been put into comprehending the mechanisms behind its activation and looking for their specific inhibitors. In this review, we primarily focused on phytochemicals that inhibit the inflammasome NLRP3, as well as discuss the defects caused by NLRP3 signaling. We conducted an in-depth research review by searching for relevant articles in the Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. By gathering information on phytochemical inhibitors that block NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complicated balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as a key role was revealed in NLRP3-driven clinical situations.