Association of insight, avoidance behavior, indecisiveness, and inflated responsibility with other clinical characteristics in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objectives: Although the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) includes ancillary symptom dimensions - insight, avoidance, degree of indecisiveness, inflated sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness/disturbance of inertia, and pathological doubting -, we know little about their clinical/scientific utility. We examined these ancillary dimensions in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and tested their associations with clinical characteristics. Methods: Treatment-seeking children and adolescents (n=173) with a DSM-5 OCD diagnosis were recruited from six centers in India and evaluated with a semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic/clinical details, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the CY-BOCS, the Children's Depression Rating Scale, and the Family Interview for Genetic Studies. Regression analysis was used to study the associations between ancillary dimensions (independent variables) and clinical variables (dependent variables). Results: 87.9% of the sample reported at least a mild-moderate severity of ancillary dimensions, which were highly intercorrelated. Multiple ancillary dimensions were correlated with illness severity on the CY-BOCS. On regression analysis, only insight and avoidance retained significance. There were few differential associations between OCD symptom and ancillary dimensions. Conclusion: Ancillary dimensions are more a feature of illness severity than differentially associated with individual symptom dimensions in childhood OCD. Insight and avoidance should be considered for inclusion in the assessment of illness severity in childhood OCD.

Association of insight, avoidance behavior, indecisiveness, and inflated responsibility with other clinical characteristics in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVES: Although the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) includes ancillary symptom dimensions - insight, avoidance, degree of indecisiveness, inflated sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness/disturbance of inertia, and pathological doubting -, we know little about their clinical/scientific utility. We examined these ancillary dimensions in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and tested their associations with clinical characteristics. METHODS: Treatment-seeking children and adolescents (n=173) with a DSM-5 OCD diagnosis were recruited from six centers in India and evaluated with a semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic/clinical details, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the CY-BOCS, the Children's Depression Rating Scale, and the Family Interview for Genetic Studies. Regression analysis was used to study the associations between ancillary dimensions (independent variables) and clinical variables (dependent variables). RESULTS: 87.9% of the sample reported at least a mild-moderate severity of ancillary dimensions, which were highly intercorrelated. Multiple ancillary dimensions were correlated with illness severity on the CY-BOCS. On regression analysis, only insight and avoidance retained significance. There were few differential associations between OCD symptom and ancillary dimensions. CONCLUSION: Ancillary dimensions are more a feature of illness severity than differentially associated with individual symptom dimensions in childhood OCD. Insight and avoidance should be considered for inclusion in the assessment of illness severity in childhood OCD.

Disability in clinically stable patients of schizophrenia.

PURPOSE: Disability associated with schizophrenia affects every aspect of life. In India, persons with schizophrenia are eligible for disability benefits. Only a handful of patients are aware and able to avail the benefits. We intended to assess disability in clinically stable patients of schizophrenia as even though they are stable but are disabled and may benefit from disability benefits and rehabilitation. METHODS: Sixty-two clinically stable patients of schizophrenia were assessed on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale. Disability was assessed on the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). RESULTS: Nearly one-fourth of the "stable patients" had moderate-to-severe disability (22.6% - moderate and 1.6% - severe), i.e., certifiable disability as per IDEAS. Disability had a significant correlation with all three domains of PANSS as well as total PANSS score. The correlation was stronger with negative than with positive symptom scores. Disability also strongly correlated with cognitive impairment. "Work," "communication and understanding," and "interpersonal relationship" domains of IDEAS had a strong correlation with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Nearly 25% of the stable patients had certifiable disability. The "work" domain of IDEAS was most affected. It demonstrates that the rehabilitation of this population may contribute to reducing disability.