RESUMEN
Most women with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are diagnosed with late-staged disease. The current study assesses patient-related barriers among women from a general SSA population to better understand how patient-related barriers contribute to diagnostic delays. Using convenience-based sampling, 401 Ugandan women without breast cancer were surveyed to determine how prior participation in cancer detection practices correlate with patient-related barriers to prompt diagnosis. In a predominantly poor (76%) and rural population (75%), the median age of the participants was 38. Of the women surveyed, 155 (46%) had prior exposure to breast cancer education, 92 (27%) performed breast self-examination (BSE) and 68 (20%) had undergone a recent clinical breast examination (CBE), breast ultrasound or breast biopsy. The most commonly identified barriers to prompt diagnosis were knowledge deficits regarding early diagnosis (79%), economic barriers to accessing care (68%), fear (37%) and poor social support (24%). However, only women who reported knowledge deficits-a modifiable barrier-were less likely to participate in cancer detection practices (p<0.05). Women in urban and rural areas were similarly likely to report economic barriers, knowledge deficits and/or poor social support, but rural women were less likely than urban women to have received breast cancer education and/or perform BSE (p<0.001). Women who have had prior breast cancer education (p<0.001) and/or who perform BSE (p = 0.02) were more likely to know where she can go to receive a diagnostic breast evaluation. These findings suggest that SSA countries developing early breast cancer detection programs should specifically address modifiable knowledge deficits among women less likely to achieve a diagnostic work-up to reduce diagnostic delays and improve breast cancer outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Adulto , Anciano , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Población Rural , Apoyo Social , Uganda , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
This is the 38th installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www.erad.org/page/CCIP_TOC.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas del Radio/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidentes por Caídas , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
This is the 41st installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www.erad.org/page/CCIP_TOC .
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Conminutas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Radio/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidentes por Caídas , Anciano , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
This is the 37th installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and on the use of our online materials. To view more cases online, please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at http://www.erad.org/page/CCIP_TOC .
Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Peroné/diagnóstico por imagen , Peroné/lesiones , Fracturas Conminutas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidentes por Caídas , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Turf toe is a spectrum of injury involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint originally described in football players on artificial surfaces. A detailed description of the complex anatomy and pathology involved in the turf toe injury is presented. We highlight potential pitfalls of image interpretation and emphasize what the referring physician needs to know.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos en Atletas/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Pies/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , HumanosRESUMEN
The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is composed of numerous ligamentous and tendinous structures that provide restraint and stability. This anatomy is complex, and at times controversial. We present a comprehensive review of the normal anatomy and pathology of the PLC. We highlight potential pitfalls of image interpretation and detail what the referring physician needs to know.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Ligamentos Articulares/lesiones , Traumatismos de los Tendones/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Rodilla/anatomía & histología , Tendones/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a commonly performed orthopaedic procedure which has increased in frequency over the past decade. There are a variety of fixation devices used to secure grafts within the femoral and tibial tunnels during the reconstruction procedure. An understanding of the expected appearance of the varied hardware utilized for reconstruction graft fixation, and their potential complications is important in the review of post-operative imaging. We describe the most common anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction fixation devices and illustrate their more frequently documented abnormalities.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/instrumentación , Adulto , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/efectos adversos , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Tornillos Óseos , Femenino , Fémur/cirugía , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Prótesis e Implantes/efectos adversos , Falla de Prótesis/etiología , Quiste Sinovial/etiología , Tendones/cirugía , Tibia/cirugíaRESUMEN
RecBCD enzyme is a complex, three-subunit protein machine essential for the major pathway of DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Escherichia coli Upon encountering a Chi recombination-hotspot during DNA unwinding, RecBCD nicks DNA to produce a single-stranded DNA end onto which it loads RecA protein. Conformational changes that regulate RecBCD's helicase and nuclease activities are induced upon its interaction with Chi, defined historically as 5' GCTGGTGG 3'. Chi is thought to be recognized as single-stranded DNA passing through a tunnel in RecC. To define the Chi recognition-domain in RecC and thus the mechanism of the RecBCD-Chi interaction, we altered by random mutagenesis eight RecC amino acids lining the tunnel. We screened for loss of Chi activity with Chi at one site in bacteriophage λ. The 25 recC mutants analyzed thoroughly had undetectable or strongly reduced Chi-hotspot activity with previously reported Chi sites. Remarkably, most of these mutants had readily detectable, and some nearly wild-type, activity with Chi at newly generated Chi sites. Like wild-type RecBCD, these mutants had Chi activity that responded dramatically (up to fivefold, equivalent to Chi's hotspot activity) to nucleotide changes flanking 5' GCTGGTGG 3'. Thus, these and previously published RecC mutants thought to be Chi-recognition mutants are actually Chi context-dependence mutants. Our results fundamentally alter the view that Chi is a simple 8-bp sequence recognized by the RecC tunnel. We propose that Chi hotspots have dual nucleotide sequence interactions, with both the RecC tunnel and the RecB nuclease domain.