RESUMEN
Given the continued burden of COVID-19 worldwide, there is a high unmet need for data on the effect of social distancing and face mask use to mitigate the risk of COVID-19. We examined the association of community-level social distancing measures and individual face mask use with risk of predicted COVID-19 in a large prospective U.S. cohort study of 198,077 participants. Individuals living in communities with the greatest social distancing had a 31% lower risk of predicted COVID-19 compared with those living in communities with poor social distancing. Self-reported 'always' use of face mask was associated with a 62% reduced risk of predicted COVID-19 even among individuals living in a community with poor social distancing. These findings provide support for the efficacy of mask-wearing even in settings of poor social distancing in reducing COVID-19 transmission. Despite mass vaccination campaigns in many parts of the world, continued efforts at social distancing and face mask use remain critically important in reducing the spread of COVID-19.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/prevención & control , Máscaras/estadística & datos numéricos , Distanciamiento Físico , Adulto , Anciano , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/transmisión , COVID-19/virología , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Salud Pública , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases are among the major causes of disability, and are associated with substantial individual and societal economic losses. The objective of this study was to assess the association of the different levels of disability, functioning, and work limitation, with chronic diseases. METHODS: A total of 516 workers were classified according to chronic disease status, and evaluated for disability, functioning and work Limitation. Quantile regression was performed to assess the associations across the quantiles of the disability, functioning, and work limitation. RESULTS: Overall disability was significantly associated with chronic diseases across all quantiles, while work limitation was only significant at the median and higher quantiles. Functioning domains showed a variable pattern of associations across their quantiles. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic diseases showed a variable magnitude and significance of associations across the levels of disability, functioning, and work limitation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Evaluación de Capacidad de Trabajo , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Comorbilidad , Empleo , Humanos , Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Rendimiento LaboralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic disease(s) on work productivity. METHODS: Using the Health & Work Performance Questionnaire, information was collected from 516 workers on chronic disease status and work productivity. Propensity-score matching was performed to identify matched-pairs of workers. RESULTS: In the propensity-score matched sample, workers with chronic diseases were more likely to have increased absenteeism and presenteeism rates, 6.34 and 2.36 times the rates if no chronic diseases, respectively. In addition, they had greater odds for getting negative critical work incidents and less odds for positive incidents than none or balanced status. Multimorbidity showed more significant increase in absenteeism and presenteeism rates, as well as increased odds for excess negative critical work incidents. CONCLUSION: Chronic disease(s) can significantly reduce work productivity by increasing absenteeism, presenteeism, and net negative critical incidents.
