[Current possibilities of radiodiagnosis in liver tumors].

The report deals with potential of present-day techniques for radiological imaging, differential diagnosis and working out of modalities of treatment for primary and metastatic hepatic tumors. Results of complex examination (ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET using fluorine -18 FDG) of patients with benign and malignant tumors are discussed. Sensitivity and specificity of each procedure have been identified to be used in diagnosis of large-size tumors.

[Role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography imaging in the diagnosis of breast tumors].

Potential of contrast-enhanced MR imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of breast tumors was studied in 112 patients aged 18-64 (76 suspects and 36--after combined treatment). The method proved highly-effective and specific--92 and 81%, respectively. The best timing was 3 months after surgery and 8 months after irradiation. No significant advantage of either one- or polymolar contrast agents was observed. MRI is highly efficient in diagnosing hypervascular formations, tumor grading and making prognosis. It is a method of choice in evaluating neoadjuvant polychemotherapy findings and combined treatment monitoring.

[Comparison of diagnostic significance of bone and bone marrow scintigraphy in patients with Hodgkin disease]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka diagnosticheskoi znachimosti stsintigrafii kostnogo mozga i osteostsintigrafii u bol'nykh limfogranulematozom.

Diagnosis of skeletal tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease is of paramount importance for precise staging of tumor process, prognosis and choice of optimal treatment. At present, according to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), scintigraphy of bones and bone marrow is not regarded as a standard examination procedure for this pathology. We believe, however, that the sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of this procedure for bone marrow examination are 91.4; 94.8 and 92.9%, while those of osteoscintigraphy--49.1; 97 and 80.6%, respectively. According to our statistics (based on chi-square-test), the sensitivity and overall accuracy of osteoscintigraphy were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy. The specificity (100%) of bone marrow trepanobiopsy is beyond doubt. However its sensitivity (36%) and overall accuracy (70.7%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of bone marrow scintigraphy (based on chi-square-test). Therefore, since the results of bone marrow scintigraphy are comparable to those of MRT which, like bone marrow trepanobiopsy, is a component of the diagnostic standard procedure approved by the UICC, bone marrow scintigraphy should be recommended for assaying the extent of involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

[The role radiography in assessing the stage of renal cancer]. / Rol' luchevoi diagnostiki v otsenke stepeni rasprostraneniia raka pochki.

The investigation included 421 cases of renal cell carcinoma with metastases of different localization. Tumor advancement was assessed by application of general-view imaging, X-ray, computed and magnetic resonance tomography, ultrasound and osteoscintigraphy. Alterations in the lung were registered in 271 patients (64.4%); metastases into bones--244 (57.9%). Tumor dissemination to retroperitoneal lymph nodes was detected in 166, liver--96 and the brain--6 patients.

[Experience with low-field magnetic resonance tomography for the diagnosis of bone marrow lesions]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia nizkopol'noi magnitnorezonansnoi tomografii dlia diagnostiki opukholevogo porazheniia kostnogo mozga.

Metastatic lesions of the bone marrow (BM) in cancer patients are instrumental in making prognosis and selecting optimal treatment modality. Recent evidence has pointed to insufficient sensitivity of morphological, X-ray and osteoscintigraphic diagnostic procedures to deal with focal alterations in BM. Vistas in application of low-field magnetic resonance tomography for detection and differential diagnosis of localized lesions in BM are discussed.

[Magnetic resonance tomography using the contrast preparation Magnevist]. / Magnitnaia rezonansnaia tomografiia s ispol'zovaniem kontrastnogo preparata magnevist.

The diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) using the contrasting agent magnevist were assessed by the examination of 282 patients with diseases of various organs and systems. The findings suggest that the contrasting agent magnevist shows its highly diagnostic efficiency particularly in central nervous diseases, among them there are tumors, multiple sclerosis, some vascular abnormalities and cerebral circulatory disorders. The agent used in MPT is also highly effective in identifying diseases of the liver (tumors, cysts), uterine (tumors), prostate (tumors). The valuable diagnostic information was obtained while detecting skeletal and soft tissue tumors and aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur.

[Magnetic resonance tomography in oncologic gynecology]. / Primenenie magnitno-rezonansnoi tomografii v onkoginekologii.

Magnetic resonance tomography was carried out in 355 patients with gynecologic tumors: cancer of the cervix uteri (n = 75), endometrial cancer (n = 75), ovarian tumors (n = 205, 102 with benign and 103 with malignant tumors). The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examinations of biopsy specimens or intraoperative material in all the cases. To compare the efficacies of various diagnostic methods, ultrasonic examinations were carried out in all the 355 patients, and in 45 of them computer-aided tomography (in 15 patients with cancer of the cervix uteri, in 15 with endometrial cancer, and in 15 with ovarian cancer). Magnetic resonance tomography helped specify the diagnosis and degree of the process dissemination, chose an adequate method of treatment, monitor its course, and follow-up the patients after the treatment.