RESUMEN
Bri1-EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole Resistant 1 (BZR1) are two key transcription factors in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, serving as crucial integrators that connect various signaling pathways in plants. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that BES1 and BZR1, along with other protein factors, form a complex interaction network that governs plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Among the interactome of BES1 and BZR1, several proteins involved in posttranslational modifications play a key role in modifying the stability, abundance, and transcriptional activity of BES1 and BZR1. This review specifically focuses on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of BES1 and BZR1 protein interactors that are not involved in the posttranslational modifications but are crucial in specific growth and development stages and stress responses. By highlighting the significance of the BZR1 and BES1 interactome, this review sheds light on how it optimizes plant growth, development, and stress responses.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas Nucleares , Desarrollo de la Planta , Estrés Fisiológico , Desarrollo de la Planta/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Brasinoesteroides/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
BRI1-EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1) are two highly similar master transcription factors of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that regulate a variety of plant growth and development processes as well as stress responses. Previous genetic and biochemical analyses have established a complex regulatory network to control the two transcription factors. This network includes coordination with other transcription factors and interactors, multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs), and differential subcellular localizations. In this review, we systematically detail the functions and regulatory mechanisms of various PTMs: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation/deSUMOylation, oxidation/reduction, in regulating the subcellular localization, protein stability, and the transcriptional activity of BES1/BZR1. We also discuss the current knowledge about the BES1/BZR1-interactors mediating the dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 and BZR1.
