Exogenous Hsp70 attenuates nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like symptoms in mice.

Although the connection between heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and vestibular migraine is not clear, HSP70 is neuroprotective in other scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the potential of exogenous HSP70 for treating migraine-like symptoms in a mouse model of nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine. HSP70 levels were assessed in patients with vestibular migraine and healthy individuals by ELISA. Migraine was induced in mice by NTG, and HSP70 expression was examined in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) tissue of mice treated with NTG and NTG together with exogenous HSP70. The effects of exogenous HSP70 on migraine-like symptoms were assessed through behavioral assays. Finally, the impact of HSP70 on oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling in mice with migraine was investigated. Serum HSP70 in patients with vestibular migraine was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals. NTG administration significantly suppressed HSP70 expression in mouse TNC tissue, which was reversed by exogenous HSP70. HSP70 alleviated NTG-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, light aversion, and anxiety-like behavior. Finally, exogenous HSP70 suppressed NTG-induced oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling. Our study suggests that exogenous HSP70 may be a potential therapy for alleviating migraine symptoms and our promising finding warrants further investigation of HSP70 for clinical application.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study suggests that exogenous HSP70 may be a potential therapy for alleviating migraine symptoms and our promising finding warrants further investigation of HSP70 for clinical application.

Tris{aqua-bis[3-(2-pyrid-yl)-1H-pyrazole]copper(II)} di-µ(9)-arsenato-hexa-triaconta-µ(2)-oxido-octa-deca-oxidoocta-deca-molybdate(VI).

The title compound, [Cu(C(8)H(7)N(3))(2)(H(2)O)](3)[As(2)Mo(18)O(62)], consists of two subunits, viz. an α-Dawson-type [As(2)Mo(18)O(62)](6-) anion and a complex [Cu(C(8)H(7)N(3))(2)(H(2)O)](2+) cation. The copper(II) ion (site symmetry .2) is penta-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal manner by four N atoms from two chelating 3-(2-pyrid-yl)pyrazole ligands in equatorial positions and one water mol-ecule in the apical position. In the heteropolyanion, two O atoms of the AsO(4) group (3. symmetry) are equally disordered about the threefold rotation axis. N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the neutral mol-ecules and the water mol-ecules leads to a consolidation of the structure.

(µ-Oxalato-κO,O:O,O)bis-[bis-(2,2'-bipyridine-κN,N')cobalt(II)] µ(6)-oxido-dodeca-µ(2)-oxido-hexa-oxido-hexa-tungstate(VI).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(2)(C(2)O(4))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(4)][W(6)O(19)], consists of one half of the complex [Co(2)(C(2)O(4))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(4)](2+) cation and one half of the Lindqvist-type [W(6)O(19)](2-) isopolyanion. Both constituents are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. In the dimeric cation, the Co(II) atom is surrounded in a distorted octa-hedral coordination by four N atoms from two chelating 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and by two O atoms from the chelating oxalate anion. The Lindqvist-type anion exhibits the characteristic W-O bond-length distribution, with the shortest bonds being the W-O(terminal) bonds and the longest being those to the central O atom.

Bis(µ-2,2'-biimidazole-κN:N)bis-[aqua-copper(I)] sulfate.

In the structure of the title compound, [Cu(2)(C(6)H(6)N(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]SO(4), the asymmetric unit contains half each of two 2,2'-diimidazole ligands, one Cu(+) cation, one water mol-ecule and half of a sulfate anion (2 symmetry). The dinuclear complex is completed through a twofold rotation axis, leading to a twisted ten-membered ring mol-ecule. The dihedral angle between the two symmetry-related 2,2'-diimidazole ligands is 23.6 (1)°. The copper centre is coordinated by two N atoms of two symmetry-related 2,2'-diimidazole ligands in an almost linear fashion. The water mol-ecule exhibits a weak coordination to Cu(+) with a more remote distance of 2.591 (2) Å. The distance between the two copper centres is 2.5956 (6) Å. O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the complex cation, the water mol-ecule and the sulfate anion lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network.

Diaqua-1κO,2κO-(2,2'-bi-1H-imidazole-1κN,N)(oxalato-2κO,O)di-µ-oxido-κO:O-dioxido-1κO,2κO-dimolyb-denum(V) trihydrate.

In the title compound, [Mo(2)(C(2)O(4))O(4)(C(6)H(6)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)]·3H(2)O, the coordination polyhedra for both Mo(V) atoms consist of two bridging O atoms, two atoms of the chelating ligand (oxalate or diimidazole), a terminal O atom and one H(2)O mol-ecule. The two distorted octa-hedrally coordinated Mo(V) atoms are linked together via O-O edge-sharing and Mo-Mo inter-actions with a Mo-Mo bond length of 2.564 (5) Å. Uncoordinated water mol-ecules are situated in the voids of the crystal structure. N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the neutral mol-ecules and the water mol-ecules lead to a consolidation of the structure.