RESUMEN
It has been shown that the formation of filopodia is a key step in tumor cell metastasis, but there is limited research regarding its mechanism. In this study, we demonstrated that fatty acid synthase (FASN) promoted filopodia formation in liver cancer cells by regulating fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1), a marker protein for filopodia. Mechanistically, on the one hand, the accumulation of FASN is caused by the enhanced deubiquitination of FASN mediated by UCHL5 (ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L5). In this pathway, low expression of SIAH1 (Seven in absentia homolog 1) can decrease the ubiquitination and degradation of ADRM1 (adhesion regulating molecule 1) thereby increasing its protein level, which will recruit and activate the deubiquitination enzyme UCHL5, leading to FASN undergo deubiquitination and escape from proteasomal degradation. On the other hand, the accumulation of FASN is related to its weakened ubiquitination, where SIAH1 directly acts as a ubiquitin ligase toward FASN, and low expression of SIAH1 reduces the ubiquitination and degradation of FASN. Both the two pathways are involved in the regulation of FASN in liver cancer. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for FASN accumulation due to the low expression of SIAH1 in human liver cancer and suggest an important role of FASN in filopodia formation in liver cancer cells.
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Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteínas de Microfilamentos , Proteínas Nucleares , Seudópodos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Ubiquitinación , Humanos , Seudópodos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones Desnudos , Acido Graso Sintasa Tipo I/metabolismo , Acido Graso Sintasa Tipo I/genética , Células Hep G2 , RatonesRESUMEN
As an important protein encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been shown that seven in absentia homologue 1 (SIAH1) could regulates the degradation of HBx through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. However, as a member of SIAH family, the regulatory effects of SIAH2 on HBx remain unclear. In this study, we first confirmed that SIAH2 could reduce the protein levels of HBx depending on its E3 ligase activity. Moreover, SIAH2 interacted with HBx and induced its K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we provided evidence that SIAH2 inhibits HBx-associated HCC cells proliferation by regulating HBx. In conclusion, our study identified a novel role for SIAH2 in promoting HBx degradation and SIAH2 exerts an inhibitory effect in the proliferation of HBx-associated HCC through inducing the degradation of HBx. Our study provides a new idea for the targeted degradation of HBx and may have great huge significance into providing novel evidence for the targeted therapy of HBV-infected HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Proliferación Celular , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteolisis , Transactivadores , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Ubiquitinación , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales , Humanos , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virología , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Virus de la Hepatitis B/patogenicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Transducción de Señal , Células Hep G2RESUMEN
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is commonly upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and functions as an oncogenic factor in the progression of HCC, but the molecular mechanism needs be further explored. In this study, we found that NEDD4 could facilitate the proliferation of HCC cells, which was associated with regulating the ERK signaling. Further investigation showed that protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) was a potential substrate of NEDD4, and restoration of PCDH17 could block the facilitation of ERK signaling and HCC cells proliferation induced by NEDD4 overexpression. Whereafter, we confirmed that NEDD4 interacted with PCDH17 and promoted the Lys33-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of it via the proteasome pathway. Finally, NEDD4 protein level was found to be inversely correlated with that of PCDH17 in human HCC tissues. In conclusion, these results suggest that NEDD4 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCDH17 ubiquitination and degradation thereby promoting the proliferation of HCC cells through regulating the ERK signaling, which may provide novel evidence for NEDD4 to be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Cadherinas , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas Nedd4 , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas Nedd4/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas Nedd4/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación , Cadherinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Constitutive photomorphogenic protein 1 (COP1) plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of several human cancers and is reported to be upregulated in liver cancer. However, the role of COP1 in human liver cancer is unclear. METHODS: We analyzed the COP1 expression in normal liver and liver cancer tissue samples using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. We overexpressed and silenced COP1 in HepG2 and Huh7 cells and analyzed the effect on liver cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, COP1 was used as a bait to screen COP1-interacting proteins in a human cDNA library in a yeast two-hybrid screen and the results were confirmed with co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess co-localization. The protein levels of COP1 and mIL1RAcP were determined in clinical samples. RESULTS: COP1 was upregulated in liver cancer samples compared to that in normal tissue samples. COP1 overexpression promoted proliferation of liver cancer cells, while COP1 knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Yeast two-hybrid screen identified interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) as a potential COP1-interacting protein. Co-IP assays further confirmed that COP1 interacts with both preIL1RAP and membrane-bound form of IL1RAP (mIL1RAP). Furthermore, COP1 upregulated mIL1RAP protein levels and promoted nuclear translocation and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (p50/p65) dimer. Additionally, we demonstrated that COP1 regulated mIL1RAP expression through K63-linked polyubiquitination, suggesting that COP1 plays a role in stabilizing mIL1RAP. Finally, the protein levels of COP1 and mIL1RAcP were found to be positively correlated in clinical samples. CONCLUSION: COP1 regulates IL1RAP, which in turn results in activation of the NF-κB signaling. Our findings suggest that the COP1/IL1RAP/NF-κB axis promotes proliferation of liver cancer cells and is a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Proteína Accesoria del Receptor de Interleucina-1 , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Humanos , Proteína Accesoria del Receptor de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1) was reported to be downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and played an important role in HCC progression; however, the underlying reason remains unknown. Here, we found that Cathepsin K (CTSK), a protein potentially interacting with SIAH1, inhibits SIAH1 protein level. CTSK was highly expressed in HCC tissues. CTSK inhibition or downregulation suppressed HCC cell proliferation, whereas CTSK overexpression had the opposite effect; it promotes HCC cell proliferation by regulating the SIAH1/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, wherein promotes SIAH1 ubiquitination. Neural precursor cells expressing developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) was found to be a potential upstream ubiquitin ligase of SIAH1. Further, CTSK could mediate SIAH1 ubiquitination and degradation by increasing SIAH1 autoubiquitination and recruiting NEDD4 to ubiquitinate SIAH1. Finally, the roles of CTSK were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, oncogenic CTSK was upregulated in human HCC tissues and accelerated HCC cell proliferation by downregulating SIAH1.
RESUMEN
SIAH1 has been reported to participate in several human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of SIAH1 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has not been reported in HCC cells. Here, we discovered the inhibitory effect of SIAH1 on HCC cell migration and invasion, which was related with regulating EMT. Molecularly, a yeast two-hybrid experiment indicated that Cln Three Requiring 9 (CTR9) was a potential interacting protein of SIAH1, which was further verified by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, SIAH1 inhibited the EMT of HCC cells through negatively regulating CTR9. Importantly, CTR9 was ubiquitinated and degraded by SIAH1 via the proteasome pathway in HCC cells. Additionally, it was showed that SIAH1 mainly mediated the K48-linked polyubiquitination on CTR9. Finally, the protein level of CTR9 was found to be inversely correlated with SIAH1 in human HCC tissues. Summed up all together, these findings reveal that SIAH1/CTR9 axis promotes the EMT of HCC cells and is a promising therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proliferación Celular/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
In recent years, the involvement of E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1) in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC) has been elucidated. However, the exact underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. In the present study, the expression profiles of COP1 in GC were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, followed by verification via immunohistochemical staining (IHC), Western blotting (WB), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) reaction assays on clinical samples. In vitro, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments of COP1 protein were conducted to explore its role in GC cell lines HGC-27 and SGC-7901. Furthermore, we screened the interaction protein of COP1 by yeast two-hybrid experiment and verified their combination by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). We preliminary explored the possible underlying mechanisms of COP1 protein in GC cell lines via WB. COP1 was upregulated in GC tissues compared with the corresponding non-carcinoma tissues. In vitro, the upregulation of COP1 protein promoted the proliferation and migration of GC cells. The yeast two-hybrid experiment and co-IP indicated that Cadherin 18 (CDH18) could constitute a complex with COP1. Moreover, cells with COP1 over-expression showed low levels of CDH18 expression, with the intracellular PI3K/AKT pathway activated and the malignancy of GC cell lines enhanced. Our findings demonstrated that COP1 promoted the GC tumorigenesis by downregulated CDH18 with the involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cell lines, suggesting the potential of COP1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Cadherinas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Humanos , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Cadherinas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited, and combined use with other therapies is recommended. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, a class of small molecule inhibitors, are highly effective for treating type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence implicates DPP4 inhibitors as immunomodulators that modify aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. We evaluated the combination of a DPP4 inhibitor (anagliptin) and PD-L1 blockade in an NSCLC mouse model. METHODS: The effect of the combination of anti-PD-L1 and anagliptin was evaluated in subcutaneous mouse models of NSCLC. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bone marrow-derived monocytes of C57BL/6 mice were isolated in vitro to examine the underlying mechanism of anagliptin on the differentiation and polarization of macrophage. RESULTS: Anagliptin dramatically improved the efficacy of PD-L1 antibody monotherapy by inhibiting macrophage formation and M2 polarization in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, anagliptin suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species in bone marrow monocytes by inhibiting NOX1 and NOX2 expression induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor, reduced late ERK signaling pathway activation, and inhibited monocyte-macrophage differentiation. However, the inhibitory effect was reactivated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma interacting with corresponding receptors during M1 macrophage polarization, but not M2. CONCLUSIONS: Anagliptin can enhance PD-L1 blockade efficacy in NSCLC by inhibiting macrophage differentiation and M2 macrophage polarization, and combination therapy may be a promising strategy for treating PD-L1 blockade therapy-resistant patients with NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Macrófagos Asociados a Tumores , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is abnormally expressed in glioma, but its roles and mechanisms in glioma remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of PAK1 inhibition on the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. METHODS: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the effects of PAK1 inhibition on the proliferation of glioma cells. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate of glioma cells were explored by flow cytometry. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to investigate the effects of PAK1 inhibition on glioma cell migration and invasion. The orthotopic xenograft glioma model was used to probe the effect of PAK1 silencing on glioma tumor formation. RESULTS: PAK1 inhibition arrested cells at the G1 phase and induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Moreover, the knockdown of PAK1 decreased the protein expression levels of MDM2, p38, p-p38, cyclin D1, CDK4, Bcl-2, MMP2, MMP9, and cofilin but increased the protein levels of p53, Bax, p21 and cleaved caspase-3. A xenograft glioma model confirmed that the silencing of PAK1 repressed the formation of tumors induced by U87 cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: This study showed that PAK1 inhibition impedes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells.
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Glioma , Quinasas p21 Activadas , Humanos , Proliferación Celular , Quinasas p21 Activadas/genética , Quinasas p21 Activadas/metabolismo , Glioma/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patología , Movimiento Celular , Apoptosis , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
H3F3A K27M (H3.3K27M) is a newly identified molecular pathological marker in glioma and is strongly correlated with the malignancy of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that other types of glioma also contain the H3.3K27M mutation. However, the role of H3.3K27M in high-grade adult glioma, the most malignant glioma, has not been investigated. In this study, we focused on exploring the expression and function of H3.3K27M in high-grade glioma in adults. We found that H3.3K27M was highly expressed at high levels in some high-grade glioma tissues. Then, we introduced H3.3K27M into H3.3 wild-type glioma cells, U87 cells and LN229 cells. We found that H3.3K27M did not affect the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo; however, the survival of mice with transplanted tumors was significantly reduced. Further investigation revealed that H3.3K27M expression mainly promoted the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Moreover, we confirmed that H3.3K27M overexpression increased the levels of the ß-catenin and p-ß-catenin (Ser675) proteins, the ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) mRNA and protein levels, and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein level. In addition, the ß-catenin inhibitor XAV-939 significantly attenuated the upregulation of the aforementioned proteins and inhibited the increased migration and invasion caused by the H3.3K27M mutation. Overall, the H3.3K27M mutation in high-grade glioma is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis mainly due to the infiltration of glioma cells that is at least partially mediated by the ß-catenin/USP1/EZH2 pathway.
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Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1, also known as RFWD2), a ring-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has suggested that COP1 plays a role in tumorigenesis by triggering the ubiquitination and degradation of its substrates, but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, COP1 was used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid experiment to screen COP1-interacting proteins in a human brain cDNA library, and the results indicated that protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) was a potential binding protein of COP1. The interaction between and colocalization of COP1 and PCDH9 was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay and immunofluorescent staining. Subsequently, we demonstrated that COP1 acted as an E3 ligase to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of PCDH9 through the proteasome pathway in glioma cells. Furthermore, we identified that the type of COP1 mediated PCDH9 ubiquitination was Lys48-linked polyubiquitination. Finally, we found that the COP1 protein level was inversely correlated with the PCDH9 protein level in human glioma tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that COP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCDH9 and reveal an important mechanism for PCDH9 regulation in human glioma.
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Glioma , Ubiquitina , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Protocadherinas , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , UbiquitinaciónRESUMEN
Cln Three Requiring 9 (CTR9), a scaffold protein of the polymerase-associated factor-1 (PAF1) complex (PAF1c), is primarily localized in the nucleus of cells. Recent studies show that CTR9 plays essential roles in the development of various human cancers and their occurrence; however, its regulatory roles and precise mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of CTR9 using in vitro assays and a xenograft mouse model. We found that CTR9 protein is upregulated in tumor tissues from HCC patients. Knockdown of CTR9 substantially reduced HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas its overexpression promoted these activities. In addition, in vitro results revealed that CTR9 silencing dramatically increased cell cycle regulators, p21 and p27, but markedly decreased matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9, with these outcomes reversed upon CTR9 overexpression. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanism suggests that CTR9 promoted the oncogene paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) transcription via its promoter region. Finally, the oncogenic roles of CTR9 were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. This study confirms that CTR9, an oncoprotein that promotes HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, increases tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. CTR9 could be a novel therapeutic target. Further investigation is warranted to verify CTR9 potential in novel therapies for HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Fosfoproteínas , Factores de Transcripción , Animales , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Ratones , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and also the most invasive brain cancer. GBM progression is rapid and its prognosis is poor. Therefore, finding molecular targets in GBM is a critical goal that could also play important roles in clinical diagnostics and treatments to improve patient prognosis. We jointly analyzed the GSE103227, GSE103229, and TCGA databases for differentially expressed RNA species, obtaining 52 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 31 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 186 mRNAs, which were used to build a competing endogenous RNA network. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed five survival-related lncRNAs: H19, LINC01574, LINC01614, RNF144A-AS1, and OSMR-AS1. With multiple optimization mRNAs, we found the H19-hsa-miR-338-3P-NRP1 regulatory pathway. Additionally, we noted high NRP1 expression in GBM patients, and Kaplan-Meier and ROC analyses showed that NRP1 expression was associated with GBM prognosis. Cox analysis indicated that NRP1 is an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients. In conclusion, H19 and hsa-miR-338-3P regulate NRP1 expression, and this pathway plays an important role in GBM.
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MicroARNs/genética , Neuropilina-1/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/mortalidad , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neuropilina-1/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Protein stability is largely regulated by post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, which is mediated by ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3 with substrate specificity. Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins represent one novel family of transmembrane E3 ligases which target glycoproteins for lysosomal destruction. While most of the MARCH family members are known to degrade membrane proteins in immune cells, their tumor-intrinsic role is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of one MARCH family member, MARCH8, is specifically downregulated in breast cancer tissues and positively correlated with breast cancer survival rate according to bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) dataset. MARCH8 protein expression was also lower in a variety of human breast cancer cell lines in comparison to immortalized human mammary epithelial MCF-12A cells. Restoration of MARCH8 expression induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT549. Stable expression of MARCH8 inhibited tumorigenesis and lung metastases of MDA-MB-231 cells in mice. Moreover, we discovered that the breast cancer stem-cell marker and metastasis driver CD44, a membrane protein, interacts with MARCH8 and is one of the glycoprotein targets subject to MARCH8-dependent lysosomal degradation. Unexpectedly, we identified a nonmembrane protein, signal transducer and transcription activator 3 (STAT3), as another essential ubiquitination target of MARCH8, whose degradation through the proteasome pathway is responsible for the proapoptotic changes mediated by MARCH8. These findings highlight a novel tumor-suppressing function of MARCH8 in targeting both membrane and nonmembrane protein targets required for the survival and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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Abnormal brain-gut interactions contribute to the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity (CVH), which is the pivotal feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Despite the consensus with respect to the vital role of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) channels in promoting painful symptoms in the peripheral nervous system, we identified that the upregulation of HCN2 in supraoptic nucleus (SON) was involved in the modulation of CVH in rat model of neonatal colorectal distention (n-CRD). Specifically, colorectal distention (CRD) upregulated the expression of c-Fos in SON in adult CVH rats, indicating the involvement of SON sensitazation in visceral sensation. Moreover, the administration of ZD7288 (the pan-HCN channel inhibitor) rather than 8-Br-cAMP (the non-specific HCN channel agonist) aggravated the CVH symptoms and reduced the phosphorylation level of CaMKII-CREB cascade. Together, the findings indicated that the upregulation of supraoptic HCN2 contributed to the sensitization of SON, which had protective effects on the modulation of CVH with the involvement of CaMKII-CREB cascade in n-CRD rat model.
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Canales Regulados por Nucleótidos Cíclicos Activados por Hiperpolarización/fisiología , Grasa Intraabdominal/fisiopatología , Núcleo Supraóptico/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa Tipo 2 Dependiente de Calcio Calmodulina/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hiperalgesia , Canales Regulados por Nucleótidos Cíclicos Activados por Hiperpolarización/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/metabolismo , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/fisiopatología , Masculino , Neuralgia/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Periférico , Canales de Potasio/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Dolor Visceral/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversible process of a specific modification of target proteins catalyzed by a series of ubiquitination enzymes. Because of the extensive range of substrates, ubiquitination plays a crucial role in the localization, metabolism, regulation, and degradation of proteins. Although the treatment of glioma has been improved, the survival rate of patients is still not satisfactory. Therefore, we explore the role of ubiquitin proteasome in glioma. Survival-related ubiquitination related genes (URGs) were obtained through analysis of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cox analysis was performed to construct risk model. The accuracy of risk model is verified by survival, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Cox analysis. We obtained 36 differentially expressed URGs and found that 25 URGs were related to patient prognosis. We used the 25 URGs to construct a model containing 8 URGs to predict glioma patient risk by Cox analysis. ROC showed that the accuracy rate of this model is 85.3%. Cox analysis found that this model can be used as an independent prognostic factor. We also found that this model is related to molecular typing markers. Patients in the high-risk group were enriched in multiple tumor-related signaling pathways. In addition, we predicted TFs that may regulate the risk model URGs and found that the risk model is related to B cells, CD4 T cells, and neutrophils.
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Glioma/genética , Ubiquitinación/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/fisiopatología , Humanos , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
AIMS: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is vital in the pathogenesis of mechanical allodynia with a paucity of reports available regarding diabetic neuropathy pain (DNP). Herein we identified the involvement of BDNF in driving mechanical allodynia in DNP rats via the activation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The DNP rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and allodynia was assessed by paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL). The expression profiles of BDNF and TRPC6 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord were illustrated by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Intrathecal administration of K252a or TrkB-Fc was performed to inhibit BNDF/TrkB expression, and respective injection of GsMTX-4, BTP2 and TRPC6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (TRPC6-AS) was likewise conducted to inhibit TRPC6 expression in DNP rats. Calcium influx in DRG was monitored by calcium imaging. KEY FINDINGS: The time-dependent increase of BDNF and TRPC6 expression in DRG and spinal cord was observed since the 7th post-STZ day, correlated with the development of mechanical allodynia in DNP rats. Intrathecal administration of K252a, TrkB-Fc, GsMTX-4 and BTP2 prevented mechanical allodynia in DNP rats. Pre-treatment of TRPC6-AS reversed the BDNF-induced pain-like responses in DNP rats rather than the naïve rats. In addition, the TRPC6-AS reversed BDNF-induced increase of calcium influx in DRG neurons in DNP rats. SIGNIFICANCE: The intrathecal inhibition of TRPC6 alleviated the BDNF-induced mechanical allodynia in DNP rat model. This finding may validate the application of TRPC6 antagonists as interesting strategy for DNP management.
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Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/complicaciones , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Neuralgia/complicaciones , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/metabolismo , Animales , Conducta Animal , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/administración & dosificación , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/genéticaRESUMEN
The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) has been reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human glioma are still needed to be further clarified. This study was designed to assess the expression of TSG101 in glioma patients and its effects on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Publicly available data revealed that TSG101 mRNA was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and high levels of TSG101 were associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments further showed that the expression level of TSG101 protein was significantly upregulated in glioma patients, especially in the patients with high-grade glioma. The functional studies showed that knockdown of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Mechanistic studies indicated that the proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by TSG101 in human glioma were related to AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin signaling pathways. In conclusion, the above results suggest that the expression of TSG101 is elevated in glioma patients, which accelerates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin pathways.
Asunto(s)
Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Complejos de Clasificación Endosomal Requeridos para el Transporte/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Transducción de Señal/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores Despolimerizantes de la Actina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Complejos de Clasificación Endosomal Requeridos para el Transporte/metabolismo , Glioma/genética , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patología , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Proteína rhoC de Unión a GTP/metabolismoRESUMEN
Metal ions imbalance, a well-established pathologic feature of alzheimer's disease (AD), ultimately results in the deposition of amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) proteins and Aß-induced neurotoxicity. Herein, to overcome these hurdles, an intelligent Aß nanocaptor with the capacity to chelate metal ions and targeted therapy is developed by anchoring carbon nitride (C3N4) nanodots to Fe3O4@mesoporous silica nanospheres, and decorated with benzothiazole aniline (BTA) (designated as B-FeCN). The C3N4 nanodots could effectively capture superfluous Cu2+ to suppress the formation of Cu2+-Aß complex thereby eliminating Aß aggregation. Simultaneously, the nanocaptor enables local low-temperature hyperthermia to promote the dissolution of preformed fiber precipitates, therefore, maximizing the therapeutic benefits. Owing to its favorable photothermal effect, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the nanocaptor is noticeably ameliorated upon laser illumination, which conquers the limitations associated with traditional anti-AD drugs, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Besides, leveraging on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 core, the nanocaptor is magnetized to access to the targeted Aß regions under extrinsic magnetic field. BTA conjugation, which specifically binds to the ß2 position of the Aß fibers, executes specific targeting at Aß plaques, and synchronously endows the BTA-modified nanocaptor with fluorescent imaging property for sensitively detecting Aß aggregates. In view of these superiorities, nanocaptors combine metallostasis restoration and Aß targeted therapy can surmount the interference of copper ions, enhance BBB permeability and protect cells against Aß-induced neurotoxicity, which provides new avenues for developing neuroprotective nanosystems for the treatment of alzheimer's disease.