Scientometric investigations on dual carbon research: Revealing advancements, key areas, and future outlook.

The dual carbon goal is a systematic project involving the entire society and has a leading and systematic role in the green and low-carbon development of China. In this study, we used the CiteSpace software to visualize and analyze 5809 documents from the core database of Web of Science from 1995 to 2023, covering four aspects: descriptive statistics, network collaboration, research hotspots, and thematic evolution analysis. The number of studies in the field of dual carbon is in an explosive growth stage and China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have become the core country and institution for research, respectively, in this field. Major high-impact journals include Cleaner Production, Energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Applied Energy, and Energy Policy. Relevant research has mainly focused on carbon neutralization, CO2 emissions, impact factors, energy, and emission reduction performance. Research hotspots primarily include carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction technology, sustainable energy transition strategies, and green financial policy tools. The government should further support for the research and development of carbon-neutral technologies, particularly for the industrialization and application of CO2 electrocatalytic reduction technology. Meanwhile, investment in renewable energy should be increased to optimize the energy structure and promote energy transition. In addition, green financial policy tools must be improved to promote the healthy development of the green financial market. The transparency and efficiency of the carbon trading market can be improved using digital technology and big data analysis, thus promoting the deep integration of the digital economy, with the goal of carbon neutrality.

Coherent optical spin Hall transport for polaritonics at room temperature.

Spin or valley degrees of freedom hold promise for next-generation spintronics. Nonetheless, the macroscopic coherent spin current formations are still hindered by rapid dephasing due to electron scattering, specifically at room temperature. Exciton polaritons offer excellent platforms for spin-optronic devices via the optical spin Hall effect. However, this effect could neither be unequivocally observed at room temperature nor be exploited for practical spintronic devices due to the presence of strong thermal fluctuations or large linear spin splitting. Here we report the observation of room-temperature optical spin Hall effect of exciton polaritons, with the spin current flow over 60 µm in a formamidinium lead bromide perovskite microcavity. We provide direct evidence of long-range coherence in the flow of polaritons and the spin current carried by them. Leveraging the spin Hall transport of polaritons, we further demonstrate two polaritonic devices, namely, a NOT gate and a spin-polarized beamsplitter, advancing the frontier of room-temperature polaritonics in perovskite microcavities.

Tumor-Selective Nano-Dispatcher Enforced Cancer Immunotherapeutic Effects via Regulating Lactate Metabolism and Activating Toll-Like Receptors.

The development of tumors relies on lactate metabolic reprogramming to facilitate their unchecked growth and evade immune surveillance. This poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of antitumor immunity. To address this, a tumor-selective nano-dispatcher, PIMDQ/Syro-RNP, to enforce the immunotherapeutic effect through regulation of lactate metabolism and activation of toll-like receptors is developed. By using the tumor-targeting properties of c-RGD, the system can effectively deliver monocarboxylate transporters 4 (MCT4) inhibitor (Syro) to inhibit lactate efflux in tumor cells, leading to decreased lactate levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and increased accumulation within tumor cells. The reduction of lactate in TME will reduce the nutritional support for regulatory T cells (Tregs) and promote the effector function of T cells. The accumulation of lactate in tumor cells will lead to tumor death due to cellular acidosis. In addition, it will also reduce the uptake of glucose by tumor cells, reduce nutrient plunder, and further weaken the inhibition of T cell function. Furthermore, the pH-responsive release of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7/8 agonist IMDQ within the TME activates dendritic cells (DCs) and promotes the infiltration of T cells. These findings offer a promising approach for enhancing tumor immune response through targeted metabolic interventions.

Serum liver enzymes and risk of stroke: Systematic review with meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous observational studies have identified correlations between liver enzyme levels and stroke risk. However, the strength and consistency of these associations vary. To comprehensively evaluate the relationship between liver enzymes and stroke risk, we conducted meta-analyses complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed meta-analyses of prospective studies and conducted subgroup analyses stratified by sex and stroke subtype. Subsequently, adhering to the STROBE-MR guidelines, we performed two-sample bidirectional univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses using the largest genome-wide association studies summary data. Finally, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with liver enzymes on sex differences underwent gene annotation, gene set enrichment, and tissue enrichment analyses. RESULTS: In the meta-analyses of 17 prospective studies, we found the relative risks for serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16-1.31) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.19-1.43), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed sex and stroke subtype differences in liver enzyme-related stroke risk. Bidirectional UVMR analyses confirmed that elevated GGT, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were associated with increased stroke occurrence. The primary results from the MVMR analyses revealed that higher ALP levels significantly increased the risk of stroke and ischemic stroke. Gene set and tissue enrichment analyses supported genetic differences in liver enzymes across sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence linking liver enzyme levels to stroke risk, suggesting liver enzymes as potential biomarkers for early identification of high-risk individuals. Personalized, sex-specific interventions targeting liver enzymes could offer new strategies for stroke prevention.

The influence of polyphenols on the hydrolysis and formation of volatile esters in wines during aging: An insight of kinetic equilibrium reaction.

The evolution of volatile esters leads to changes in wine aroma during aging. In this study, polyphenol effect on ester equilibrium in wines was investigated through three aging experiments. Kinetic parameters of esters were calculated in four red wines. Results showed that the reaction rate constant (kobsd) was mainly determined by the molar concentration ratio of alcohols or acids to the corresponding esters. Phenolic matrix was more likely to influence the activation energy (Ea). Higher contents of total polyphenol led to the increase of Ea, resulting in the reactions less prone to happen but more susceptible to temperature changes. Combined with the practical wine aging and exogenous polyphenol addition experiments, the impact of polyphenol composition was revealed. Flavanols with higher polymerization degrees were found more beneficial for ester preservation than monomer flavanols or anthocyanins. This work could provide theoretical guidance in enhancing fruity aroma in wines via modulating phenolic matrix.

Predicting the Compressive Strength of Sustainable Portland Cement-Fly Ash Mortar Using Explainable Boosting Machine Learning Techniques.

Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a critical property for assessing the engineering performances of sustainable materials, such as cement-fly ash mortar (CFAM), in the design of construction engineering projects. The experimental determination of UCS is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the present study aims to model the UCS of CFAM with boosting machine learning methods. First, an extensive database consisting of 395 experimental data points derived from the literature was developed. Then, three typical boosting machine learning models were employed to model the UCS based on the database, including gradient boosting regressor (GBR), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and Ada-Boost regressor (ABR). Additionally, the importance of different input parameters was quantitatively analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach. Finally, the best boosting machine learning model's prediction accuracy was compared to ten other commonly used machine learning models. The results indicate that the GBR model outperformed the LGBM and ABR models in predicting the UCS of the CFAM. The GBR model demonstrated significant accuracy, with no significant difference between the measured and predicted UCS values. The SHAP interpretations revealed that the curing time (T) was the most critical feature influencing the UCS values. At the same time, the chemical composition of the fly ash, particularly Al2O3, was more influential than the fly-ash dosage (FAD) or water-to-binder ratio (W/B) in determining the UCS values. Overall, this study demonstrates that SHAP boosting machine learning technology can be a useful tool for modeling and predicting UCS values of CFAM with good accuracy. It could also be helpful for CFAM design by saving time and costs on experimental tests.

Stress-Strain Behavior and Strength Development of High-Amount Phosphogypsum-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials.

Phosphogypsum is a common industrial solid waste that faces the challenges of high stockpiling and low utilization rates. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and internal characteristics of cementitious materials with a high phosphogypsum content. Specifically, we examined the effects of varying amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag (5-28%), fly ash (5-20%), and hydrated lime (0.5-2%) on the stress-strain curve, unconfined uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus (E50) of these materials. The test results indicate that increasing the ground granulated blast furnace slag content can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of phosphogypsum-based cementitious materials. Additionally, increasing the fly ash content can have a similar beneficial effect with an appropriate amount of hydrated lime. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of the cementitious materials using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the high sulfate content in phosphogypsum leads to the formation of calcium aluminate as the main product. Concurrently, a continuous reaction of the raw materials contributes to the strength development of the cementitious materials over time. The results could provide a novel method for improving the reusing phosphogypsum amount in civil engineering materials.

USP13 facilitates a ferroptosis-to-autophagy switch by activation of the NFE2L2/NRF2-SQSTM1/p62-KEAP1 axis dependent on the KRAS signaling pathway.

Macroautophagy/autophagyis a lysosomal-regulated degradation process that participates incellular stress and then promotes cell survival or triggers celldeath. Ferroptosis was initially described as anautophagy-independent, iron-regulated, nonapoptotic cell death.However, recent studies have revealed that autophagy is positivelyassociated with sensitivity to ferroptosis. Nonetheless, themolecular mechanisms by which these two types of regulated cell death(RCD) modulate each other remain largely unclear. Here, we screened85 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and found that overexpression ofUSP13 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 13) could significantlyupregulate NFE2L2/NRF2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2)protein levels. In addition, in 39 cases of KRAS-mutated lungadenocarcinoma (LUAD), we found that approximately 76% of USP13overexpression is positively correlated with NFE2L2 overexpression.USP13 interacts with and catalyzes the deubiquitination of thetranscription factor NFE2L2. Additionally, USP13 depletion promotesan autophagy-to-ferroptosis switch invitro andin xenograft tumor mouse models, through the activation of theNFE2L2-SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1)-KEAP1 axis in KRAS mutant cellsand tumor tissues. Hence, targeting USP13 effectively switchedautophagy-to-ferroptosis, thereby inhibiting KRAS (KRASproto-oncogene, GTPase) mutant LUAD, suggesting the therapeuticpromise of combining autophagy and ferroptosis in the KRAS-mutantLUAD.

Feasibility, reliability and validity of self-measurement of knee range-of-motion using an accelerometer-based smartphone application by patients with total knee arthroplasty.

AIMS: Limited knee range-of-motion (ROM) is common following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is associated with functional limitations and patient dissatisfaction. Regular knee ROM assessment is important but accurate testing traditionally requires timely access to trained healthcare professionals. Although accelerometer-based smartphone goniometry has shown to provide reliable and valid joint angles, current evidence of its use still positions healthcare providers as end users instead of patients themselves. Therefore, to maximize the impact of smartphone goniometry on post-TKA care, our study aimed to examine the feasibility, reliability, and validity of patients' self-measurement of knee ROM using an accelerometer-based smartphone goniometry application. METHODS: Patients were given standard instructions with a practice trial before the actual measurements. Passive knee flexion and extension ROM was measured on 2 sessions in 30 patients with TKA using 4 block-randomized methods: (i) smartphone self-assessment, (ii) long-arm goniometry by physiotherapist, (iii) smartphone assessment by physiotherapist, and (iv) extendable-arm goniometry by physiotherapist with placement adjudication. Feasibility was assessed by the number of participants who could independently perform the self-measurement. To assess intra- and inter-session reliability, we computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) from random-effects models. To assess intra- and inter-session agreement, we computed mean absolute differences (MADs) and minimum detectable change (MDC). To assess concurrent validity, we designated extendable-arm goniometry as the "gold standard" and compared other methods against it using ICCs and MADs. RESULTS: All patients were able to comprehend and execute the assessment. 87% (n = 26) found the application easy to administer. Smartphone goniometry by patients showed excellent intra- and inter-session reliability (ICCs>0.97) and minimum variability (MAD = 0.9°-3.9°; MDC95 = 3.1°-9.0°). Smartphone or long-arm goniometry by physiotherapists did not outperform patients' self-assessment (ICC = 0.96-0.99, MAD = 0.7°-3.1°; MDC95 = 2.2°-8.0°). Compared against extendable-arm goniometry, smartphone goniometry by patients measured knee flexion and extension ROM with a MAD of 4.5° (ICC, 0.97) and 2.2° (ICC = 0.98), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that smartphone goniometry is feasible, reliable and accurate, and can be used with confidence in the self-assessment of knee ROM post-TKA. Future studies should further explore its utility in telemonitored rehabilitation, and its possible integration into mobile health applications to enhance accessibility to care following TKA.

Construction of oxygen-rich vacancies and heterojunctions coupled with different morphologies of CeO2/mesoporous TiO2 framework structures for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance.

The coupling of efficient adsorption and effective charge separation with photocatalysts enables the use of sunlight for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value-added products. In this work, we used a straightforward solid-phase hydrothermal technique to build an oxygen-vacancy-rich, heterogeneous interface-coupled CeO2/mesoporous TiO2 framework structural system. The heterogeneous structure was constructed by introducing oxygen-vacancy-rich CeO2 into mesoporous TiO2, which may encourage the transfer of charges and increase the number of active sites and CO2 adsorption by utilizing the coupled synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces, and it can also regulate the pathway of the photocatalytic reaction and the selectivity of the products. The composite of CeO2 with different morphologies and oxygen-rich vacancies regulated the system's active sites and degree of exposure and enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The highest CO yield of 6.25 mmol gcat-1 was obtained by use of the rod CeO2/mesoporous TiO2 composite photocatalyst (R-CeO2/TiO2), and this yield was 1.6 times higher than that of pure mesoporous TiO2 and 1.84 times higher than that of pure R-CeO2. Also, the product selectivity increased by 4.3% compared to a single sample. Combining the Mott-Schottky plot results and the energy-barrier perspective to further explore the photocatalytic reduction of the CO2 reaction mechanism as well as the product selectivity, it appears that the construction of the composite system of oxygen-rich vacancies and heterogeneous boundary-coupled photocatalysis provides a practical pathway for the photocatalytic reaction, which may contribute to the photocatalytic reaction's high efficiency and yield selectivity.

Unraveling the NLRP family: Structure, function, activation, critical influence on tumor progression, and potential as targets for cancer therapy.

The innate immune system serves as the body's initial defense, swiftly detecting danger via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among these, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing proteins (NLRPs) are pivotal in recognizing pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby triggering immune responses. NLRPs, the most extensively studied subset within the NLR family, form inflammasomes that regulate inflammation, essential for innate immunity activation. Recent research highlights NLRPs' significant impact on various human diseases, including cancer. With differential expression across organs, NLRPs influence cancer progression by modulating immune reactions, cell fate, and proliferation. Their clinical significance in cancer makes them promising therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, activation mechanism of the NLRPs family and its potential role in cancer progression. In addition, we particularly focused on the concept of NLRP as a therapeutic target and its potential value in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

High-risk spatiotemporal patterns of leprosy in the southeastern region of Yunnan province from 2010 to 2022: an analysis at the township level.

BACKGROUND: Despite being preventable and curable, leprosy remains endemic in some undeveloped regions, including China. Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Wenshan prefecture) currently bears the highest leprosy burden in China. In this ecological study, we aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics as well as identify and visualize the high-risk townships of Wenshan prefecture using the most updated leprosy data from 2010 to 2022. METHODS: Geographical information system combined with spatial scan statistics was used for newly detected leprosy cases abstracted from the Leprosy Management Information System in China. Global Moran's I index was used to uncover the spatial pattern of leprosy at the township level. Spatial scan statistics, encompassing purely temporal, purely spatial, spatial variation in temporal trends, and space-time analysis, were implemented for detecting the risk clusters. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2022, Wenshan prefecture detected 532 new leprosy cases, comprising 352 (66.17%) males and 180 (33.83%) females. The aggregated time primarily occurred between October 2010 and March 2014. The distribution pattern of newly detected leprosy cases was spatially clustered. We identified four high-risk spatial clusters encompassing 54.51% of the new cases. Furthermore, spatial variation in temporal trends highlighted one cluster as a potential high-risk area. Finally, two space-time clusters were detected, and the most likely cluster was predominantly located in the central and northwest regions of Wenshan prefecture, spanning from January 2010 to September 2013. CONCLUSIONS: In this ecology study, we characterized the epidemiological features and temporal and spatial patterns of leprosy in Wenshan prefecture using the most recent leprosy data between 2010 and 2022. Our findings offer scientific insights into the epidemiological profiles and spatiotemporal dynamics of leprosy in Wenshan prefecture. Clinicians and policymakers should pay particular attention to the identified clusters for the prevention and control of leprosy.

Application of a single-cell-RNA-based biological-inspired graph neural network in diagnosis of primary liver tumors.

Single-cell technology depicts integrated tumor profiles including both tumor cells and tumor microenvironments, which theoretically enables more robust diagnosis than traditional diagnostic standards based on only pathology. However, the inherent challenges of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, such as high dimensionality, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), sparse and non-Euclidean nature, pose significant obstacles for traditional diagnostic approaches. The diagnostic value of single-cell technology has been largely unexplored despite the potential advantages. Here, we present a graph neural network-based framework tailored for molecular diagnosis of primary liver tumors using scRNA-seq data. Our approach capitalizes on the biological plausibility inherent in the intercellular communication networks within tumor samples. By integrating pathway activation features within cell clusters and modeling unidirectional inter-cellular communication, we achieve robust discrimination between malignant tumors (including hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, iCCA) and benign tumors (focal nodular hyperplasia, FNH) by scRNA data of all tissue cells and immunocytes only. The efficacy to distinguish iCCA from HCC was further validated on public datasets. Through extending the application of high-throughput scRNA-seq data into diagnosis approaches focusing on integrated tumor microenvironment profiles rather than a few tumor markers, this framework also sheds light on minimal-invasive diagnostic methods based on migrating/circulating immunocytes.

Elevated pCO2 may increase the edible safety risk of clams exposed to toxic Alexandrium spp.

Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received increasing attention owing to their threat to the health of aquatic life and seafood consumers. This study evaluated the impacts of elevated atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on the production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in different Alexandrium spp. strains, together with its further effects on the bioaccumulation/elimination dynamics of PSTs in bivalves contaminated with PSTs from toxic dinoflagellates. Our results showed that elevated pCO2 stimulated the growth of the two Alexandrium spp. (A. catenella and A. pacificum) isolated from the northern and southern coastal areas of China, respectively, and affected PST production including content and toxicity of the two strains differently. Further PSTs bioaccumulation/elimination in PSTs-contaminated Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum under high pCO2 also occurred. It is worth noting the biotransformation of neosaxitoxin (NEO) with high toxicity through trophic transfer with effect of elevated pCO2. When in microalgae cultured under the control (410 ppm) and elevated pCO2 conditions (495 and 850 ppm), the proportion of NEO in the PST content produced by A. catenella was reduced from 11.1 to 6.4 and 2.6 %, while the proportion of NEO in A. pacificum was increased from 3.1 to 3.6 and 4.7 %, respectively. NEO accounted for >50 % of total PST contents in clams, which were biotransformed via transfer from dinoflagellates and higher pCO2 enhanced this biotransformation leading to increased NEO accumulation. The negatively affected elimination of PSTs, especially NEO, in clams fed with A. catenella or A. pacificum, indicates that the detoxification of PSTs-contaminated clams may be more difficult under elevated pCO2. This study provides reference for developing models to assess the safety of bivalves under the co-stress of environmental change and toxic HABs, suggesting that ocean acidification may lead to the higher safety risk of Manila clams exposed to toxic HAB dinoflagellates.

Impact of fluoride and aluminum co-exposure on bone growth and quality in juvenile rats: dose and duration effects.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the dosage and duration of fluoride and aluminum(F and Al) co-exposure on the skeletal growth and bone quality of juvenile rats. Forty-eight 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control, low F and Al exposure, and high F and Al exposure groups, with 45-day and 90-day subgroups established for each. We measured body length, tibia length, conducted bone histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibia, performed micro-CT scans and three-point bending tests of the femur. Compared to the age-matched control group, the low F and Al group at 45 days exhibited increased bone formation and stiffness; the low F and Al group at 90 days and the high F and Al group at 45 days showed increases in body length, tibia length, growth plate width, longitudinal bone growth rate, bone turnover, and improved microstructure. Notably, bone elastic stress only elevated in the high F and Al group at 45 days. Conversely, the high F and Al exposure group at 90 days experienced decreases in the aforementioned parameters, with the exception of growth plate width, and displayed abnormal hypertrophic chondrocyte morphology in the growth plate. In summary, long-term exposure to low levels of F and Al and short-term exposure to high levels of F and Al promote bone formation followed by bone resorption in juvenile rats, stimulating bone growth and enhancing bone quality. However, long-term exposure to high levels F and Al results in low bone turnover, slow bone growth, and reduced bone property.

How Does Parental Early Maladaptive Schema Affect Adolescents' Social Adaptation? Based on the Perspective of Intergenerational Transmission.

An individual's social adaptation is affected by their early maladaptive schemas. Previous studies have shown that early maladaptive schemas may be intergenerationally transmitted in families. It is important to explore the intergenerational effect of early maladaptive schemas on adolescents' social adaptation, as they are in a critical period of growth and development. In this study, a cross-sectional design and questionnaire survey were used to collect data to explore the intergenerational influence of early maladaptive schemas in families and their relationship with adolescents' social adaptation. The participants were 201 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their primary caregivers (father or mother), of whom 125 (62.2%) were boys and 76 (37.8%) were girls. There were 70 fathers (34.8%) and 131 mothers (65.2%). Chinese adolescents and their primary caregivers were surveyed using paired questionnaires, and the Young Schema Questionnaire (short form) and Adolescent Social Adaptation Scale were completed. The results show that adolescents' early maladaptive schema plays an intermediary role between parents' early maladaptive schema and adolescents' social adaptation. Parental mistrust/abuse and insufficient self-control schemas affected adolescents' social adaptation through the mediating effect of their corresponding schemas. Our results reveal the negative impact path of parents' early maladaptive schemas on adolescents' social adaptation and provide a new direction for the clinical practice of adolescent family therapy.

Protective effect of intravenous amino acid on kidney function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill and cardiac surgery patients. Intravenous amino acids can increase renal perfusion and replenish renal functional reserves. However, the exact therapeutic efficacy of intravenous amino acids in reducing the incidence of AKI remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively review the existing evidence to assess the potential of intravenous amino acids in kidney protection. METHODS: EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials published on or before July 2, 2024, that examined the relationship between Intravenous amino acids and renal function. We extracted population characteristics and outcome variables related to renal function from randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous amino acid supplementation with no supplementation. We assessed this evidence using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool for randomized controlled trials. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model. RESULTS: This review included 7 randomized controlled trials with a total of 505 patients. The results showed that compared with the control group, intravenous amino acid administration significantly reduced the incidence of AKI (RR: 0.81, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.97, P = 0.02) and increased urine output (MD: 308.87, 95 % CI: 168.68-449.06, P < 0.0001). However, intravenous amino acids did not reduce mortality or the incidence of kidney replacement therapy, with no statistical difference in 30-day mortality (RR: 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.65-1.34, P = 0.71), 90-day mortality (RR:1.00, 95 % CI: 0.77-1.29, P = 0.98), or need for kidney replacement therapy (RR: 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.41-2.06, P = 0.83). Subgroup analysis suggested that, regardless of sample size, intravenous amino acid administration reduced the incidence of AKI and was particularly significant in patients undergoing cardiac and major vascular surgery. Furthermore, intraoperative intravenous amino acid therapy demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of AKI compared to postoperative administration. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous amino acids protect renal function in patients at high risk of AKI, particularly after cardiac surgery. It reduces the incidence of AKI and increases urine output, but has no significant effect on KRT and mortality.

Effects of functional groups on ESIPT and antioxidant activity of apigenin: A non-existent enol* state fluorescein.

The development and enhancement of antioxidant drugs, which are aimed at mitigating DNA damage, mutations, and cancer, are of paramount significance in the biomedical sphere. In recent years, antioxidant drug molecules with photoluminescence have sprung up like mushrooms. Apigenin (AP), characterized by its distinctive property of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), plays a pivotal role in mediating antioxidant and anticancer activities. Despite being a representative molecule of the non-existent enol form (E*) state with ESIPT nature, there is a notable lack of theoretical investigations into its antioxidant properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methodologies were utilized to explore the effects of various functional groups on AP molecules in a methanol solvent. Studies have demonstrated that for the non-existent E* state fluorescence molecule AP, the ESIPT process can significantly enhance the antioxidant potency of AP and its derivatives. However, the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups significantly accelerated the ESIPT process while simultaneously suppressing the antioxidant activity of AP-CN. Conversely, the incorporation of electron-donating groups effectively inhibited the ESIPT process, yet markedly enhanced the antioxidant activity of AP-NH2. This investigation furnishes vital perspectives and sources of reference for the conception and advancement of groundbreaking antioxidant medications that aim to tackle non-existent E* state molecules.

Rapid on-site detection of echinococcosis and schistosomiasis based on RPA.

BACKGROUND: Echinococcosis and schistosomiasis, caused by parasitic worms, pose significant threats to millions of people in the world. Rapid and effective pathogen detection and epidemic control by public health authorities are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to develop rapid on-site detection method to detect echinococcosis and schistosomiasis. METHODS: Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was utilised to examine its efficacy of detection of echinococcosis and schistosomiasis. FINDINGS: The detection probes for RPA were created through comparing parasitic genomes from international genomic data and the sequences generated by our group. We established an optimised RPA on-site testing platform, which significantly reduces the detection time (less than 30 min) and simplifies the operation (free of expensive equipment) as compared to traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This RPA detection platform in our study for identifying echinococcosis or schistosomiasis pathogens would be greatly applicable for epidemic investigation, border screening, and early clinical diagnosis.

TIPE2 aggravates experimental colitis and disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier integrity by activating JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signal pathway.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing and progressive inflammatory disease of the colon. TIPE2 is a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity that maintains immune homeostasis. We found that TIPE2 was highly expressed in mucosa of mice with colitis. However, the role of TIPE2 in colitis remains unclear. We induced colitis in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated them with TIPE2, and investigated the inflammatory activity of the colon in vivo by cytokines detection and histopathological analyses. We also measured inflammatory alteration and tight junctions induced by DSS in vitro. The results demonstrated that administration of TIPE2 promoted the severity of colitis in mice and human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, TIPE2 aggravated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by decreasing the expression of the tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1. In addition, TIPE2 exacerbated intestinal inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of SOCS3, remarkably activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and increasing the translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus. Silencing of TIPE2 attenuated the DSS-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3, thereby rescuing epithelial inflammatory injury and restoring barrier dysfunction. These results indicate that TIPE2 augments experimental colitis and disrupted the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier by activating the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway.