[Experiment in infecting the green monkey Cercopithecus aethiops with a leukocyte virus isolated in hepatitis A]. / Opyt zarazheniia zelenykh martyshek Cercopithecus aethiops leikotsitarnym virusom, vydelennym pri gepatite A.

The virus isolated in hepatitis A had been previously shown to passage in primary phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte cultures. The virus designated as leukocyte hepatitis virus (LHV) causes chromosome aberrations in the infected cultures. Some physico-chemical properties of LHV and its capacity for reproduction in other cell systems were studied. In serological surveys of patients and in studies of cellular immunity reactions of them LHV was found in cases of hepatitis. The possibility of producing a laboratory model of hepatitis in green monkeys, morphological reaction to inoculation with LHV, as well as the presence of specific antigen in the inoculated animals by immunofluorescence test using rabbit immune serum to LHV and FITC-labelled gamma globulins from hepatitis A convalescents were investigated. LHV antigen was found in the lymph nodes, spleen and liver. Active morphological reaction of lymph nodes and spleen was observed 30 days after inoculation of monkeys. The results indicate that in green monkeys LHV possesses marked reticulotropic properties without producing clinical hepatitis, therefore African grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), apparently, cannot be used as experimental models for LHV studies in vivo.

[Isolation of herpes simplex virus in chronic meningoencephalitis]. / Vydelenie virusa prostogo gerpesa pri khronicheskom meningoéntsefalite.

Virological examination of a patient suffering from chronic meningoencephalitis was carried out using serological and morphological methods. Strains of herpes simplex virus were isolated from the saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of the patient simultaneously in white mice and tissue culture. A rise in antibody titers to the isolate, its high neuropathogenicity in animal inoculation experiments, and the results of pathomorphological studies confirm the herpetic nature of the neuroinfection in this patient. Serological identification and investigation of biological properties of the virus showed it to belong to the 2nd antigenic type of herpes simplex virus.

[Experimental study of viremia in immune host in tick-borne encephalitis]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie virusemii pri kleshchevom entsefalite v immunnom organizme.

Experimental studies of viremia in immune hosts with tick-borne encephalitis showed that triple vaccination alone, providing antibody accumulation in the blood sera of mice with a neutralization index up to 2.0 led to the survival of not more than 60% of the animals after subcutaneous inoculation of 100 LD50 of virus with the average survival time of 8.5 days. The use of vaccine in combination with exogenous mouse interferon or interferon inducer (RFf2) increased the survival rate to 75% and 80%, respectively, with an increase in the average survival time up to 9 and 9.5 days. The infected animals examined both 1--4 days after infection and at more remote intervals showed no viremia either in the blood serum or in formed elements examined by immunofluorescence. The use of interferon alone or interferon inducer alone without preliminary vaccination increased the survival rate to 55%--60% but did not result in complete elimination of the virus from the blood in the first day after inoculation.

[Comparative results from the use of the direct immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods to diagnose chronic herpetic infection]. / Sravnitel'nye dannye pri ispol'zovanii priamogo immunoperoksidaznogo i immunofliuorestsentnogo metodov issledovaniia v diagnostike khronicheskoi gerpeticheskoi infektsii.

Comparative data are presented on application of varying methods for viremia detection in hamsters with chronic herpesvirus infection (CHVI). The specificity of the immunofluorescent method was shown in a comparative diagnosis of CHVI when virologic and immunomorphologic methods was used. At the same time the immunoperoxidatic method proved more advantageous because it is specific, simple and realizable in common laboratory conditions, and the preparations can be preserved for a long time.

[Etiological role of the herpes simplex virus in causing cervical cancer]. / Izuchenie étiologicheskoi roli virusa obychnogo gerpesa v vozniknoveniia raka sheiki matki.

The results of the composite virological and immunological examinations of 46 patients with cervical carcinoma (CC) attest to the association of herpes simplex virus (HSV) with neoplastic processes. HSV strains were isolated from the tumour tissue as well as from the cervical canal secretions and blood of 4 patients. A higher level of virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies to HSV was found in sera from CC patients as compared with the control group of normal women. Antibody to HSV type 2 was found in 38.8% of sera from the patients and 12.6% in the control group. Lymphocytes from CC patients induced blasttransformation reaction to HSV twice as frequently as those from healthy subjects. The virus-specific antigen was found in tumour cells of 36% CC patients in immunofluorescent examinations of smears from the cervix. The presented results are related to the determination of the etiological role of HSV in cervical carcinoma.

[Comparative experimental studies of the combined use of vaccines, interferon and interferon inducers in neurovirus infections]. / Sravnitel'nye issledovaniia po éksperimental'nomu izucheniiu sochetannogo primeneniia vaktsin, interferona i induktorov interferona pri nekotorykh neirovirusnykh infektsiiakh.

Comparative investigations of the combined use of vaccines and interferon in tick-borne encephalitis, herpes, and acute encephalomyelitis of man showed that up to 78% of animal protection against 10--50 LD50 of intraperitoneally inoculated viruses could be achieved. Vaccination alone provided up to 56% survival of the infected mice, while administration of interferon subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in a dose of 800 units (53,300 units per 1 kilo body weight) 18--20 hours before virus gave a survival rate of 36%. The use of vaccine in combination with an interferon inducer, phage of f2 RNA, in tick-borne encephalitis gave up to 75% survival of the infected mice. Four hours after administration, interferon could be detected in mouse sera in a concentration up to 640 units/ml which in immune mice accumulated more rapidly and remained at a higher level 18 hours after inoculation of the inducer.

[Antigenic relations of the rabies group viruses studied in the blast transformation and immunofluorescence tests]. / Izuchenie antigennykh sviazei virusov gruppy beshenstva v testakh blasttranformatsii i immunofliuorestsentsii.

The blast transformation test with lymphocytes of mice sensitized with commercial rabies vaccine, and the direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests with hyperimmune serum to human acute encephalomyelitis virus and rabies immunoglobulins demonstrated antigenic relationships of rabies, Lagos Bat, Mokola, human acute encephalomyelitis and rabieslike virus isolated from rodents in Central Europe. At the same time, the time of appearance and the degree of intensity of specific blast transformation reaction as well as its duration indicate some differences in the antigenic structure of the Lissaviruses under study.

[Further study of the leukocyte virus isolated in hepatitis A]. / Dal'neishee izuchenie leikotsitarnogo virusa, vydelennogo pri gepatite A.

Two strains of leukocyte hepatitis virus (LHV) which had undergone 13 and 16 passages, respectively, in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of leukocytes from normal donors were studied in experiments with labelled precursors (3H-uridine and 14C-amino acids). The buoyant density of the virus (1,26 g/ml) and sedimentation constant of RNA (46 S) were determined. LHV was shown to be capable of reproduction in human kidney cell culture. The immunofluorescence test could be used with labeled convalescent sera for examinations of blood smears from patients for diagnosis of hepatitis A in foci of infection. In these tests, fluorescence was detected in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and granulocytes but not in the nucleus. The immunofluorescence test with convalescent sera was successfully used for the examinations of smears of cultures of PHA-stimulated leukocytes of normal donors infected with LHV in order to prove the specificity of this virus in hepatitis A.

[Pathomorphological characteristics of the experimental infection in animals infected with viruses of the rabies antigenic group]. / Patomorfologicheskie osobennosti éksperimental'noi infektsii u zhivotnykh, zarazhennykh virusami antigennoi gruppy beshenstva.

Comparison of pathomorphological lesions in the brains of white mice inoculated with viruses isolated in Africa from shrews, in America from bats, in Czechoslovakia from rodents (6 strains) and classified into the rabies group, with those observed in the same animal species infected with street rabies virus and virus of human acute encephalomyelitis (HAE) established the peculiar features of the reactive processes distinguishing these infections from each other. In contrast to the reactions after inoculation with street rabies virus and HAE, 24 hours after inoculation of white mice with Lagos bat, Ib An 27 377, 297 BF, 548 BF, 808 BF, 482 SG, 598 SG, and 638 SG strains hemorrhagic foci were observed; within 48 hours multiple perivascular cuffs were formed in the brain, and degeneration of the Ammon horn down to its disappearance and formation of multiple voids in the brain tissue were observed. Cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons of the cerebrum cortex and Ammon horn in the form of small paired formations with a pinpoint basophilic granule inside could be detected 24 hours postinfection. Later in the disease, the number of inclusions found diminished sharply.

[Morphological and immunofluorescent studies of the leukocytes in blood smears in hepatitis A and B and chronic liver diseases]. / Morfologicheskoe i immunofliuorestsentnoe issledovaniia leikotsitov v mazkakh krovi pri virusnykh gepatitakh A i B i khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh pecheni.

Morphological examination of leukocytes in blood smears from patients with viral hepatitis A and B revealed up to 34% of atypical lymphocytes (AL) in the form of cells of irregular shape with the wide basophilic cytoplasm. Their number reached maximum by the 9th--14th day of the disease and decreased to 8% by 40--50 days. The number of AL was significantly higher during the high activity of the process both in acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis A and B. In normal subjects as well as in patients with chronic hepatitis of alcoholic etiology the amount of AL did not exceed 6%. Immunofluorescent studies with gammaglobulin from convalescents after viral hepatitis A demonstrated fluorescence of the leukocyte cytoplasm in 86.3% of blood smears from patients with viral hepatitis both early in the disease and at 14--20 days in infectious hepatitis A (in controls no more than 6%). Fluorescence was demonstrated in 70.1% of cases in examinations of blood smears from patients with chronic liver diseases of viral etiology.

[Possibilities of viral hepatitis diagnosis by immunofluorescent examination of patient blood smears]. / O vozmozhnosti diagnostiki virusnogo gepatita pri obsledovanii mazkov krovi bol'nykh s pomoshch'iu metoda immunofliuorestsentsii.

The authors demonstrate possibilities of viral hepatitis diagnosis by means of fluorescent antisera labeled phiiTts. The antisera were obtained from the blood of convalescents after infectious hepatitis (with an uncomplicated course) on the 25th--30th day of the disease, and also from the placental gamma-globulin of persons who had had viral hepatitis (in the anamnesis). Both diagnostic preparations proved to be highly specific, although the first of them was somewhat more sensitive. Blood smears were stained with fluorescent antisera. The fluoresence was revealed in the cytoplasm of the white blood formed elements--lymphocytes and neutrophils; the nucleus was dark. Materials of this investigation permit experimental substantiation of a possibility of prolonged antigenemia in the blood leukocytes of patients suffering from viral hepatitis.

[Mechanism of specific vaccine therapy in ocular herpes simplex]. / O mekhanizme spetsificheskoi vaktsinoterapii pri gerpeticheskoi bolezni glaz.

The mechanism of specific vaccine therapy in herpetic eye disease was studied. The effectiveness of the therapy in the observation period of 3 to 8 years was established. In 71 (62%) of 114 patients relapses of the disease disappeared completely, in 32 (26%) became less frequent and in 11 (10%) their frequency did not change. The clinical course of relapses in all cases became milder. The vaccination courses given were shown not to influence the level of virusneutralizing antibody but to induce the appearance in the lacrimal fluid of immunoglobulins G and M and to increase considerably the level of IgA. The vaccint therapy enhanced the reactions of cell-mediated immunity which was manifested in increased specific blasttransformation of lymphocytes (up to 18%) and reduced the migrational capacity of leucocytes to inactivated antigen of herpesvirus. The effect of the vaccine persisted only for a few months. The immunological and clinical analyses showed that it was expedient to give vaccine in courses at 6--12-month intervals after an attack of herpes.

[Specificity of the human "leukocytic virus of leukemia"]. / Izuchenie spetsifichnosti "leikotsitarnogo virusa leikoza" cheloveka.

The evidence has been obtained indicating the presence of the antigen of leukocyte leukosis virus (LLV) in specimens from patients with leukosis. Immunofluorescence tests with rabbit immune serum to LLV revealed specific fluorescence of the cytoplasm of cells in 19 out of 32 bone marrow punctates and leukocytes in 10 out of 12 blood smears from patients with acute leukosis and chronic myeloleukosis. In these tests, the difference from analogous control materials (from donors, patients with polyarthritis, reticulosclerodermia, mveloma, etc. is highly statistically significant. By the CFT, antibody to LLV-infected cells were detected in 60.8% of patients with leukosis and 18.5% of donors. When examined by the gel precipitation test with the appropriate test-systems LLV antigen was found to contain no group-specific antigen of murine leukosis virus or antigen of oncornaviris D from HEp-2 continuous cell line.

[Study of viremia in chronic human herpetic infection]. / Izuchenie virusemii pri khronicheskoi gerpeticheskoi infektsii cheloveka.

Attempts at virus isolation were made on the blood specimens from patients with relapsing herpesvirus infection. Examinations of over 100 blood specimens from patients with various localizations of herpetic lesions yielded II strains of herpesvirus. In all the cases the virus was isolated from a mixture of leukocytes with erythrocytes of the blood of patients. The method of cocultivation of blood leukocytes with cell cultures was most sensitive and yielded 7 herpesvirus isolates. The herpesvirus isolates vary in their biological and antigenic properties.

[Study of the antigenic properties of herpesvirus strains isolated from herpetic lesions at different sites]. / Izuchenie antigennykh svoistv shtammov virusa gerpesa, vydelennykh iz gerpeticheskikh porazhenii razlichnoi lokalizatsii.

The antigenic properties of 15 strains of hepesvirus isolated from herpetic lesions of different localization were studied. The serotype of each strain was established by the neutralization tests with hyperimmune sera to the reference type 1 and 2 strains: the cross-neutralization tests revealed antigenic relationships between the strains of 1 and 2 serotypes. Most strains isolated from lesions of the genitalia belonged to type 2, although one strain isolated in herpes genitalis belonged to type 1, and 2 strains isolated from facial lesions also belonged to type 2. These results confirm the necessity of using inactivated polyvaccine prepared from herpesvirus strains of antigenic types 1 and 2 for relapse control therapy instead of using monovalent type 1 and type 2 vaccines as reported by foreign authors.

[Mutual stimulation of oncornavirus and herpetic infections in experiments in vivo and in vitro]. / O vzaimnoi stimuliatsii onkornavirusnoi i gerpeticheskoi infektsii v opytakh in vivo i in vitro

The evidence of mutual stimulation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and oncornaviruses (OV) reproduction was obtained. HSV titers in mice pre-infected with Rauscher leukosis virus (RLV) were 2.25-3.0 lg LD50 higher than in mice of the same batch but without RLV infection. The continuous HEp-2 culture chronically infected with oncornaviruses was found to be more sensitive to the cytopathic effect of HSV strains, types 1 and 2, and in the culture fluid HSV accumulated to a greater titer than in primarily trypsinized culture of chick embryo fibroblasts. Electron microscope examinations of the continuous J-96 cell culture chronically infected with OV and HSV simultaneously revealed an 8.3-fold increase in the number of oncornavirus particles as compared to the control culture, infected with OV alone.