RESUMEN
The aim was to evaluate the chemical composition, carbohydrates, protein fractionation and in vitro gas production of silages composed of spineless cactus and tropical forages and their effect on sheep performance. Treatments consisted of silages: corn silage (CS), spineless cactus silage (SCS), spineless cactus + gliricidia (SCG), spineless cactus + buffel grass silage (SCBG) and spineless cactus + pornunça (SCP). Silos were opened 60 days after ensiling, and analyses were carried out. The digestibility test lasted for 36 days, with eight animals per treatment. A completely randomized design was adopted. Considering carbohydrate fractionation, CS, SCS and SCBG silages had higher total carbohydrate content (p = 0.001). The SCS silage presented a higher A + B1 fraction (p = 0.001). The SCBG and SCG silages showed a higher B2 fraction (p < 0.0001) compared to the CS and SCS silages. The SCBG and SCP silages presented a higher C fraction (p = 0.001). For protein fractionation, the SCP and SCG silages showed higher crude protein contents (p = 0.001). The CS and SCS silages showed a higher A fraction (p = 0.001). The SCBG silage presented a higher B1 + B2 fraction (p = 0.001). The SCG silage showed a higher B3 fraction (p = 0.006) compared to SCBG silage. The SCS and SCP silages showed a higher C fraction (p = 0.001). Exclusive SCS silage showed higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (p = 0.001), dry matter degradability (p = 0.001) and total gas production (p = 0.001). The use of the SCBG, SCP and SCG silages to feed sheep increased the dry matter intake (p < 0.001). Sheep fed the SCG silage showed greater dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared to the sheep fed the CS, SCS and SCP silages (p = 0.002). There was a higher water intake (p < 0.001) with the use of the SCS and SCG silages to feed the sheep. The SCP and SCG silages provided a greater intake (p < 0.001) and excretion (p < 0.001) of nitrogen by the animals. Although there were no differences between the treatments for daily gains, lambs that received the spineless cactus-based silage associated with tropical forages showed higher gains (160-190 g/day) than lambs that received CS silage (130 g/day). Thus, the use of spineless cactus associated with buffelgrass, pornunça and gliricidia to prepare mixed silages (60:40) to feed sheep has potential use to feed sheep, with positive effects on nutrient degradation and increases in dry matter intake. Under experimental conditions, we recommend the exclusive use of spineless cactus silage associated with buffel grass, pornunça and gliricidia in feeding sheep in semi-arid regions, as it provides nutrients, water and greater daily gains compared to corn silage.
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico de 442 pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Ilhéus entre os anos de 2007 a 2012. A coleta de dados foi realizada na vigilância epidemiológica do município Ilhéus, utilizando como banco de dados os casos notificados e digitados no sistema nacional de notificação de agravos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Foram analisadas informações sobre, sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, critério de confirmação, tipo da leishmaniose, medicação utilizada, conclusão do caso. No município de Ilhéus a letalidade em leishmaniose tegumentar americana foi nula durante o período de estudo e a partir do ano de maior ocorrência houve um decréscimo dos casos positivos. Os indivíduos mais propícios à doença são do sexo masculino, entre 20 a 49 anos, residente em áreas rurais, pardos, autóctone. A forma mais incidente é a cutânea e a droga mais utilizada para o tratamento é a antimonial pentavalente. Não foi confirmada a sazonalidade da doença entre os meses e anos observados e nenhum surto da doença durante o período estudado no município de Ilhéus Bahia. As informações deste estudo servirão para auxiliar o planejamento de ações epidemiológicas de saúde pública, visando medidas particulares de proteção conforme caracterização local. A partir destes resultados, espera-se mostrar a importância da notificação de investigação, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento eficaz para reduzir sequelas, bem como contribuir para a prevenção e controle da doença na cidade.
The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of 442 patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Ilhéus between 2007 and 2012. Data collection was performed in the epidemiological surveillance of Ilhéus municipality, using as a database the cases reported and typed in the national system for notifying American tegumentary leishmaniasis We analyzed information on sex, age, schooling, confirmation criteria, type of leishmaniasis, medication used, conclusion of the case. In the municipality of Ilhéus, lethality in American tegumentary leishmaniasis was zero during the study period and from the year of greatest occurrence there was a decrease in positive cases. The most susceptible individuals are male, between 20 and 49 years old, living in rural, brown, autochthonous areas. The most incident form is cutaneous and the most commonly used drug for treatment is pentavalent antimonial. It was not confirmed the seasonality of the disease between the months and years observed and no outbreak of the disease during the period studied in the municipality of Ilhéus - Bahia. The information in this study will serve to assist the planning of epidemiological actions of public health, aiming at specific measures of protection according to local characterization. From these results, it is expected to show the importance of reporting research, early diagnosis and effective treatment to reduce sequelae, as well as contribute to the prevention and control of disease in the city.
