Effect of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. ethanolic extract on breast cancer induced in rats.

Background and Aims: Ambrosia arborescens Mill. (A. arborescens) is an aromatic plant used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-rheumatic, and anti-diarrheal agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. arborescens Mill. on a Rattus norvegicus var. albinus-induced breast cancer model. Materials and Methods: We collected A. arborescens from the province of Julcán, La Libertad Region, Per, and prepared an ethanolic extract using pulverized leaves macerated in 96° ethanol for 72 h with magnetic stirring. In the evaluation of anticancer activity, four experimental groups with 10 female rats each were formed: Group I (Control-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA]), which received DMBA (single dose) and physiological saline solution for 4 months, and Groups II, III, and IV, which received DMBA (single dose) and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day of the ethanolic extract of A. arborescens, respectively, for 4 months. Results: The DMBA control group presented histological characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ with necrotic and inflammatory areas, whereas the A. arborescens extract group showed a decrease in tumor volume and recovery of the ductal duct. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of A. arborescens leaves decreases tumor development in rats with induced breast cancer, and this effect is dose-dependent.

Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav. on diclofenac-induced toxicity in rats.

Background and Aim: Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav. (also known as "Pájaro bobo") is known for its medicinal properties, including antiulcer, antiasthmatic, leishmanicidal, antipyretic, antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects using a rat model of diclofenac-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: We administered three different doses of the methanolic extract of T. integrifolia (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day orally) and compared them with the commercial medicine silymarin (100 mg/kg orally). The rats received the T. integrifolia extracts for 5 days, and on days 3 and 4, 1 h after receiving the extracts, diclofenac was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The animals were euthanized 48 h after the last diclofenac injection, and blood samples were obtained to measure biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney function, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and urea. Kidney and liver tissues were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological analysis. Results: The results show that T. integrifolia has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. These effects are verified by the lower blood levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine compared to the diclofenac group, which exhibited elevated biochemical parameters. In addition, histopathological analysis showed that the groups that received T. integrifolia did not display necrosis or infiltration, which were observed in the diclofenac group. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of T. integrifolia has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, with the highest protective activity observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day.

Effects of Solanum tuberosum L. ointment on second-degree burns in mice.

Background and Aim: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is mainly characterized by its antioxidant and healing properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment based on S. tuberosum L. "papa tumbay" on burns induced in Balb/c mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into four groups (n = 5/group) 48 h before second-degree burns were inducted. After epilating the loin areas of the mice and anesthetizing them with ketamine/xylazine (80 mg/kg/10 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, a round metal rod (0.7 cm in diameter) was placed on the depilated skin at a temperature of 100°C for 5 s. Group I was not given any treatment, Group II was treated with silver sulfadiazine (1%), and the other two groups (III and IV) were treated with the ointment formulated based on S. tuberosum L. "papa tumbay" at 1% and 2%, respectively. After performing the treatment for 21 days, the mice were euthanized using i.p. sodium pentobarbital (185 mg/kg) to obtain skin samples. The samples were preserved in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and subjected to histopathological analysis. Results: We found statistically significant differences in the histopathological sections between the groups (p < 0.05). The abundant collagen and fibroblasts observed in the direction of the dermis in Groups III and IV indicate that the phytoconstituents present in the potato might promote the healing of the second-degree burns until day 21 of treatment. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the ointments based on the ethanolic extracts of S. tuberosum L. "papa tumbay," especially the 2% ointment, might accelerate the healing of second-degree burns induced in Balb/c mice.

Acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on biochemical and histopathological parameters in rats.

Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of various diseases, so their use has become widespread. However, in some cases the population uses plant species regardless of the toxicity they may possess. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of albino Holtzman rats. To do this, the leaves of A. arborescens were collected in the province of Julcan, La Libertad Region-Peru. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guideline 423 was conducted, forming experimental groups of 10 animals each one (5 males and 5 females): Group I (Control), which received 2 mL physiological saline solution (SSF 0.9%), Groups II and III (A. arborescens-300 and A. arborescens-2000), which were given the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens in a single dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively. On the 14th day of exposure, biochemical (creatinine, ALT and AST) and histopathological parameters were measured. The results show that the aqueous extract of A. arborescens at the dose of 2000 mg/kg produces an increase in biochemical parameters which is related to histopathological analysis of liver and renal tissue with mild congestion. The study concludes that the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens has a LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and produces mild congestion in kidneys and liver, but showed no significant toxicological changes in the other albino Holtzman rats organs.

Wound healing activity of Tropaeolum tuberosum-based topical formulations in mice.

Background and Aim: Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz and Pavón, a tuber native to South America, is characterized by its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the healing effect of the topical T. tuberosum formulations (gel and cream) on induced wounds in mice. Materials and Methods: Here, an acidic ethanolic extract (1.5 N hydrochloric acid and 96% ethanol at the ratio of 15:85, v/v) was prepared with the tubers of T. tuberosum ecotype black and incorporated into topical cream and gel formulations at 1%. Thirty-twoBalb/c mice were divided into four experimental groups receiving daily topical treatments for 14 days: Group I (control; no treatment), Group II (a commercial ointment of neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin), Group III (1% T. tuberosum gel), and Group IV (1% T. tuberosum cream). The wound closure in the mice was determined during the treatment; then, they were euthanized to obtain skin samples for histopathological analysis. Results: Groups III and IV showed a higher percentage of wound closure from the 6th day of the treatment. From the 8th day, the effect was greater in Group III. The healing effect was confirmed by the histopathological changes. Conclusion: This study concludes that the topical formulations of T. tuberosum demonstrate wound-healing activity in mice, and the most effective treatment is the 1% gel formulation.

Wound healing by topical application of Momordica charantia L. formulations on mice.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Momordica charantia is mainly characterized by its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the healing activity of gel and cream formulations based on M. charantia on induced wounds in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acetonic extract of M. charantia was prepared and incorporated into gel and cream formulations. Mus musculus Balb/c (n=30) with induced injury were distributed into five groups: Group I (control - day 7), Group II (control - day 14), Group III (1% gel - day 7), and Group IV (1% gel - day 14) to which 1% M. charantia gel was dermally applied daily for 7 and 14 days, respectively, Group V (1% cream - day 7) and Group VI (1% cream - day 14) to which of M. charantia 1% cream were dermally applied daily for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Time of wound closure was determined during the experimentation; rats were euthanized with sodium pentobarbital 60 mg/kg/pc v.ip. for obtaining skin samples for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Groups IV and VI showed a higher percentage of wound closure on day 14, and in histopathological analysis, effect was greater in Group VI with the presence of fibroblasts and abundant collagen and elastic fibers. CONCLUSION: M. charantia gel and cream showed wound healing activity on induced wounded mice; the most effective treatment was M. charantia 1% cream formulation.

[Identification and structural determination of a sesquiterpene of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. leaves and evaluation of its leishmanicidal activity]. / Identificación y determinación estructural de un sesquiterpeno de las hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. y evaluación de su actividad leishmanicida.

OBJECTIVE.: To identify and determine the phytoconstituent structure of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. leaves with leishmanicidal activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Fluid extract of leaves was prepared, concentrated to soft extract, and used to evaluate leishmanicidal activity in Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis, at the dose of 250 mg/kg of soft extract by intramuscular route for 15 days. Extract was fractionated in 45 cm column chromatography with a 2.5 cm diameter, containing G-60 silica gel, and 70-230 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich®). Nine fractions were obtained and assessed on macrophages infected with Leishmania sp to determine the active fraction and isolate the active compound, by separation, purification, and crystallization, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 1H, 13C, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC/ MS). RESULTS.: Fluid extract from the leaves of T. integrifolia presents leishmanicidal activity in M. auratus. Fraction F8 is active on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 µg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene ((4aS, 5R, 6R, 8aR) -6-hydroxy-5, 8a-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethylidene) octahydronaphthalen-2 (1H) -one) was identified, by RMN 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS analysis. CONCLUSIONS.: Fluid extract of leaves of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presents leishmanicidal activity on Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis. Fraction F8 presents leishmanicidal activity on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 µg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene was identified, according to 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS NMR analysis.

OBJETIVOS.: Identificar y determinar la estructura del fitoconstituyente de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav con efecto leishmanicida. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se preparó un extracto fluido de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. que fue concentrado a extracto blando y se utilizó para evaluar la actividad leishmanicida en Mesocricetus auratus con leishmaniasis experimental, administrando vía intramuscular la dosis de 250 mg/kg del extracto blando por 15 días. El extracto fue fraccionado en columna cromatográfica de 45 cm, con un diámetro de 2,5 cm que contiene silicagel G-60, de 70-230 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich®), las nueve fracciones obtenidas fueron evaluadas sobre macrófagos infectados con Leishmania sp para determinar la fracción activa y aislar el compuesto activo, mediante separación, purificación y cristalización, siendo analizado por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de 1H, 13C, y cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectroscopía de masas (LC/MS). RESULTADOS.: El extracto fluido de las hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presenta actividad leishmanicida en Mesocricetus auratus y la fracción F8 es activa sobre macrófagos infectados a dosis de 14 µg/mL. Se elucidó en esa fracción un sesquiterpeno tipo eudesmano ((4aS, 5R,6R,8aR)-6-hidroxi-5,8a-dimetil-3-(1-metiletiliden) octahidronaftalen-2(1H)-ona), según análisis de RMN 1H, 13C, y LC/MS. CONCLUSIONES.: El extracto fluido de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presenta actividad leishmanicida sobre Mesocricetus auratus. La fracción F8 presenta actividad leishmanicida sobre macrófagos infectados a dosis de 14 µg/mL. Se elucidó en la fracción activa un sesquiterpeno tipo eudesmano según los análisis de RMN 1H, 13C, y LC/MS.

Identificación y determinación estructural de un sesquiterpeno de las hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. y evaluación de su actividad leishmanicida / Identification and structural determination of a sesquiterpene of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. leaves and evaluation of its leishmanicidal activity

RESUMEN Objetivos. Identificar y determinar la estructura del fitoconstituyente de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav con efecto leishmanicida. Materiales y métodos. Se preparó un extracto fluido de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. que fue concentrado a extracto blando y se utilizó para evaluar la actividad leishmanicida en Mesocricetus auratus con leishmaniasis experimental, administrando vía intramuscular la dosis de 250 mg/kg del extracto blando por 15 días. El extracto fue fraccionado en columna cromatográfica de 45 cm, con un diámetro de 2,5 cm que contiene silicagel G-60, de 70-230 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich®), las nueve fracciones obtenidas fueron evaluadas sobre macrófagos infectados con Leishmania sp para determinar la fracción activa y aislar el compuesto activo, mediante separación, purificación y cristalización, siendo analizado por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de 1H, 13C, y cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectroscopía de masas (LC/MS). Resultados. El extracto fluido de las hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presenta actividad leishmanicida en Mesocricetus auratus y la fracción F8 es activa sobre macrófagos infectados a dosis de 14 µg/mL. Se elucidó en esa fracción un sesquiterpeno tipo eudesmano ((4aS, 5R,6R,8aR)-6-hidroxi-5,8a-dimetil-3-(1-metiletiliden) octahidronaftalen-2(1H)-ona), según análisis de RMN 1H, 13C, y LC/MS. Conclusiones. El extracto fluido de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presenta actividad leishmanicida sobre Mesocricetus auratus. La fracción F8 presenta actividad leishmanicida sobre macrófagos infectados a dosis de 14 µg/mL. Se elucidó en la fracción activa un sesquiterpeno tipo eudesmano según los análisis de RMN 1H, 13C, y LC/MS.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify and determine the phytoconstituent structure of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. leaves with leishmanicidal activity. Materials and Methods. Fluid extract of leaves was prepared, concentrated to soft extract, and used to evaluate leishmanicidal activity in Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis, at the dose of 250 mg/kg of soft extract by intramuscular route for 15 days. Extract was fractionated in 45 cm column chromatography with a 2.5 cm diameter, containing G-60 silica gel, and 70-230 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich®). Nine fractions were obtained and assessed on macrophages infected with Leishmania sp to determine the active fraction and isolate the active compound, by separation, purification, and crystallization, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 1H, 13C, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC/ MS). Results. Fluid extract from the leaves of T. integrifolia presents leishmanicidal activity in M. auratus. Fraction F8 is active on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 μg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene ((4aS, 5R, 6R, 8aR) -6-hydroxy-5, 8a-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethylidene) octahydronaphthalen-2 (1H) -one) was identified, by RMN 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS analysis. Conclusions. Fluid extract of leaves of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presents leishmanicidal activity on Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis. Fraction F8 presents leishmanicidal activity on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 μg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene was identified, according to 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS NMR analysis.