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1.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 12: 805720, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35402314

RESUMEN

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is produced during Leishmania infection, but the components of the parasite that induce its production are unknown. An important multivirulence factor of Leishmania spp. protozoa is the lipophosphoglycan (LPG), which plays a crucial role in the host-parasite interaction. Here, the ability of LPGs from two dermotropic Leishmania species to induce IL-32 production was evaluated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, the potential receptors involved in this activation were assessed. PBMCs from healthy individuals were stimulated with LPGs from L. amazonensis (La) or L. braziliensis (Lb), live promastigotes of La or Lb and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 agonist) as control. Blockers of TLR4 (Bartonella quintana LPS or monoclonal antibody) and Ponatinib (RIPK2 inhibitor, NOD2 pathway) were used to evaluate the receptors. ELISA was performed for IL-32 expression and cytokine (IL-1ß and IL-6) production in cell lysates and in supernatants, respectively. Expression of TLR4 (2 h, 24 h) was assessed by flow cytometry. IL-32γ mRNA transcript was analyzed by qPCR. It was observed that LPG from Leishmania, like whole parasites, induced the production of IL-32, IL-1ß and IL-6. Both LPGs induced the expression of IL32γ mRNA. The production of IL-32 was earlier detected (6 h) and positively associated with the production of IL-1ß and IL-6. The induction of cytokines (IL-32, IL-1ß and IL-6) was dependent on TLR4 and NOD2. The TLR4 was internalized after interaction with LPG. Therefore, our data suggest that LPGs from La and Lb are components of Leishmania able to upregulate IL-32 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in a TLR4- and NOD2-dependent manner. In addition, LPG-induced IL-32 seems to be necessary for IL-1ß and IL-6 production. To identify the parasite factors and host receptors involved in IL-32 induction is crucial to reveal potential targets for novel strategies to control leishmaniasis.


Asunto(s)
Leishmania , Leishmaniasis , Citocinas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Glicoesfingolípidos , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Proteína Adaptadora de Señalización NOD2/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo
2.
Acta Trop ; 224: 106146, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34562423

RESUMEN

Coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Leishmania impairs immune responses, increases treatment failure and relapse rates in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), as well as visceral leishmaniasis (VL). There is insufficient data on the treatment, relapse, and secondary prophylaxis in patients coinfected with HIV/Leishmania in Brazil. This study investigated patients with HIV/ATL and HIV/VL to describe the outcome of leishmaniasis in patients assisted at a referral hospital of Brazilian midwestern region. Patients with HIV/ATL (n = 21) mainly presented cutaneous diseases (76.2%) with an overall relapse rate of 28.57% after treatment, whereas HIV/VL (n = 28) patients accounted for 17.5% of the cases. The counts of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios at diagnosis or relapses were not significantly different between relapsing and non-relapsing patients. Patients with HIV/ATL or HIV/VL showed high levels of activation markers in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The regular use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and viral load at the time of diagnosis did not influence the relapse rates. Relapses occurred in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients with HIV/VL receiving secondary prophylaxis and in 5.9% (1/17) of the patients who did not receive secondary prophylaxis (p = 0.06). These data are relevant for the therapeutic management of the patients coinfected with HIV/Leishmania.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Infecciones por VIH , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Leishmaniasis , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Recurrencia
3.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 52(1): 58-63, 20200330. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104474

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de anemia e presença de enteroparasitos relacionados a condições socioeconômicas e demográficas em idosos atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com idosos atendidos na ESF do município de Aparecida de Goiânia. Foram coletadas fezes frescas e recém-eliminadas, as quais foram processadas pela técnica de Hoffman, Pons e Janer de 24 horas e coletadas amostras de sangue analisadas no aparelho automatizado Pentra 60®. Realizou-se análise estatística pelo programa BioEstat® versão 5.1 com medidas de associação odds ratio entre a presença de parasitos com a anemia, e as variáveis pesquisadas com o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) e nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Foram avaliados os materiais biológicos de 101 idosos, e, destes, 15 (14,8%) apresentaram anemia. O estado civil, sexo, renda familiar, número de pessoas em casa, ocupação, consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes e hábitos comportamentais não apresentaram significância em relação à anemia. As variáveis com associação significativa (p<0,005) foram: nível baixo de escolaridade (p=0,05) e sedentarismo com consumo de álcool e/ou tabaco (p=0,05). Na análise das fezes encontrou-se positividade em uma amostra com presença de ovo de Ascaris lumbricoides. Conclusão: Os dados sobre a ocorrência de anemia podem variar bastante, dependendo da região e população estudada. O presente estudo demonstrou os fatores socioeconômicos e geográficos associados e baixa ocorrência de anemia e associação com parasitoses. A anemia não deve ser uma condição negligenciada durante o envelhecimento, portanto merece atenção e tratamento adequado.


Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of anemia and presence of enteroparasites related to socioeconomic and demographic conditions in the elderly attending the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the municipality of Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted with elderly people attended at the FHS of Aparecida de Goiânia. Fresh, newly disposed stools were collected and processed by the 24-hour Hoffman, Pons, and Janer technique and blood samples were collected on the Pentra 60® automated device. Statistical analysis was performed using the BioEstat® version 5.1 program, with odds ratios, between the presence of parasites with the anemia and variables surveyed with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and level. significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: The biological materials of 101 elderly individuals were evaluated, of which 15 (14.8%) presented anemia. Marital status, gender, family income, number of people at home, occupation, consumption of fruits, vegetables and behavioral habits were not significant in relation to anemia. The variables with significant association (p <0.005) were: low level of education (p = 0.05) and physical inactivity with alcohol and / or tobacco consumption (p = 0.05). In the analysis of feces was found positivity in one sample, presence of egg Ascaris lumbricoides. Conclusion: Data on the occurrence of anemia may vary widely, depending on the region and population studied. We demonstrated the associated socioeconomic and geographic factors and low occurrence of anemia and association with parasites. Anemia should not be a neglected condition during aging, so it deserves proper attention and treatment.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anciano , Salud Pública , Anemia
4.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 51(1): 76-80, 30/03/2019. ilus, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008209

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Validar o uso do teste sorológico para toxoplasmose em papel filtro em amostras de sangue de gestantes do município de Goiânia e região metropolitana. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, onde foram coletadas 1.006 amostras de sangue em gestantes no município de Goiânia e região metropolitana. Todas as gestantes que concordaram participar da pesquisa assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A avaliação do perfil sorológico foi realizada pela técnica de ELISA (ensaio imunoenzimático), com amostras de soro e papel filtro, para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii das classes IgM e IgG, sendo que o kit utilizado não é padronizado para a pesquisa de anticorpos IgM no papel filtro. A análise estatística foi processada no banco de dados do programa EpiInfo® versão 3.2.1, que avaliou a prevalência de soropositividade, frequência de positividade no soro, frequência de positividade no papel filtro, sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e índice kappa. Resultados: Na análise realizada no soro obtiveram-se 421 amostras positivas para anticorpos da classe IgG e três positivas para anticorpos da classe IgM. Em papel filtro obtiveram-se 443 positivas para anticorpos da classe IgG e uma positiva para anticorpos da classe IgM. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu identificar a semelhança de amostras positivas tanto com o uso do soro como no papel filtro para pesquisas de anticorpos da classe IgG, porém, para a pesquisa de anticorpos da classe IgM, o uso do soro apresentou maior sensibilidade quando comparado ao exame realizado com o papel filtro.


Objective: To validate the use of the serological test for toxoplasmosis in filter paper in blood samples from pregnant women from the city of Goiânia and the metropolitan region. Methods: This is a prospective study in which 1,006 blood samples were collected in pregnant women in the city of Goiânia and in the metropolitan region. All pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study signed a Free and Informed Consent Form. Serological profile evaluation was performed using ELISA (immunoenzymatic assay), with serum and filter paper samples, to investigate anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes, and the kit used is not standardized for the research of IgM antibodies on the filter paper. Statistical analysis was performed in the database of the EpiInfo® version 3.2.1 program, which evaluated the prevalence of seropositivity, frequency of serum positivity, filter paper positivity frequency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and index the kappa. Results: In the serum analysis, 421 samples were positive for antibodies of the IgG class and three were positive for antibodies of the IgM class. In the filter paper yielded 443 positive for antibodies of the IgG class and one positive for IgM class antibodies. Conclusion: The study allowed to identify the similarity of positive samples both with the use of serum and in the filter paper for IgG class antibodies. However, for serum IgM antibodies, the use of serum was more sensitive when compared to serum IgG. taken with the filter paper


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Serología , Pruebas Serológicas , Toxoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Mujeres Embarazadas
5.
Rev. patol. trop ; 47(4): 207-216, dez. 2018. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-996624

RESUMEN

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, whose definitive hosts are cats and whose intermediate hosts include humans.This research aims to evaluate aspects related to seroprevalence rates of anti-T. gondii antibodies among elderly users of the Primary Health Care Service in the municipality of Aparecida de Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. A total of 101 elderly people participated in the study, and a questionnaire was applied to examine sociodemographic factors related to risk factors for toxoplasmosis. Five mL of peripheral blood were collected from all the participants for serological tests. IgM and IgG antibody screening was performed using ELISA. The average age of the participants was 69.5 years, the seroprevalence rate was 75.2% (76/101) of reactive IgG, and 24.8% (25/101) were non-reactive. IgM and IgG antibodies were found in 2.9% (3/101) of the participants. An IgG avidity test was performed, which revealed that the antibodies in the three samples were of low avidity, thus indicating that these individuals were in the acute phase of the infection. It was suggested that, in terms of socioeconomic conditions, an income of one to three monthly minimum salaries is the predominant risk factor for toxoplasmosis in this group.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmosis , Factores de Riesgo
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