Improving handoff with the implementation of I-PASS at a tertiary oncology hospital.

BACKGROUND: Lack of consistent and standardised handoffs is a leading cause of patient harm. With increased census in our hospital medicine (HM) service, failure to handoff using a standardised method has the potential to cause significant patient harm. We used a quality improvement methodology to standardise an existing and validated handoff tool within our HM team to improve handoff communication among providers and improve patient safety. METHODS: A quality improvement team was charged with studying handoff communication among HM teams and between day and night shift providers at a tertiary oncology hospital. Multiple plan-do-study-act cycles were conducted, and process flow maps, root cause analysis and an affinity diagram were developed based on feedback from the HM team. The quality improvement team developed a plan to implement I-PASS (Illness severity, Patient summary, Action list, Situation awareness and contingency plan, and Synthesis by receiver) as the standardised handoff tool to be used among the providers in HM at the end of shift and for handoff to the nocturnal covering service. Rates of I-PASS use were collected before and after several educational interventions to encourage use of I-PASS and were displayed in a control chart. After the I-PASS interventions, HM providers were surveyed twice to evaluate the secondary outcomes: the tool's impact on workflow, perceptions of patient safety, ease of use and satisfaction with I-PASS. Survey results were compared using Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: The HM team's rate of use of I-PASS handoffs increased from 23% to 72%, an improvement of 68%. By the end of the quality improvement project, I-PASS use had increased to 90%. No significant differences were detected in the reported duration of handoffs after I-PASS implementation (on average <5 min per patient, p=0.205). Provider perceptions of handoff quality, efficiency, communication errors and the I-PASS tool's effectiveness were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: We used a quality improvement methodology to encourage the HM team's adoption of a validated handoff tool. Adherence to the standardised handoff tool significantly improved workflows and facilitated communication between the day and night shift teams.

Patient education in glaucoma: what do patients know about glaucoma?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge glaucoma patients have about their disease and its treatment. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three patients were interviewed at the Glaucoma Service of Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, USA, Group 1) and 100 at the Glaucoma Service of University of Campinas (Campinas, Brazil, Group 2). An informal, relaxed atmosphere was created by the interviewer before asking a list of 18 open-ended questions. RESULTS: In Group 1, 44 percent of the 183 patients did not have an acceptable idea about what glaucoma is, 30 percent did not know the purpose of the medications they were taking, 47 percent were not aware of what was an average intraocular pressure, and 45 percent did not understand why visual fields were examined. In Group 2, 54 percent gave unsatisfactory answers to the question "What is glaucoma?", 54 percent did not know the purpose of the medications they were taking, 80 percent were not aware of what was an average intraocular pressure, and 94 percent did not understand why visual fields were examined (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that level of education was positively correlated to knowledge about glaucoma in both groups (r=0.65, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that patients' knowledge about glaucoma varies greatly, and that in an urban, American setting, around one third of the patients have minimal understanding, whereas in an urban setting in Brazil around two thirds of patients were lacking basic information about glaucoma. Innovative and effective methods are needed to correct this situation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes glaucomatosos sobre sua doença e tratamento. MÉTODOS: 183 pacientes foram entrevistados no Serviço de Glaucoma do Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, EUA, Grupo 1) e 100 pacientes foram entrevistados no Setor de Glaucoma da UNICAMP (Grupo 2). Dezoito perguntas abertas foram feitas aos pacientes num ambiente informal. RESULTADOS: No Grupo 1, 44 por cento dos 183 pacientes não tinham conceito adequado sobre o que é glaucoma, 30 por cento desconheciam porque usavam medicações, 47 por cento não sabiam valores de pressão intra-ocular considerados normais e 45 por cento não sabiam porque campos visuais eram testados. No Grupo 2, 54 por cento responderam inadequadamente à pergunta "O que é glaucoma?", 54 por cento desconheciam porque usavam medicações, 80 por cento não sabiam valores de pressão intra-ocular considerados normais e 94 por cento não sabiam porque campos visuais eram testados (p<0,001). Análise de regressão linear demonstrou que o nível de educação estava positivamente correlacionado ao conhecimento de glaucoma em ambos os grupos (r=0,65, p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que o conhecimento sobre glaucoma varia muito e que, num hospital norte-americano, cerca de um terço dos pacientes tem compreensão mínima sobre a doença, enquanto no Serviço brasileiro, dois terços dos pacientes desconheciam conceitos básicos sobre o glaucoma. Métodos efetivos e inovadores devem ser desenvolvidos para melhorar essa situação.

Patient education in glaucoma: what do patients know about glaucoma?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge glaucoma patients have about their disease and its treatment. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three patients were interviewed at the Glaucoma Service of Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, USA, Group 1) and 100 at the Glaucoma Service of University of Campinas (Campinas, Brazil, Group 2). An informal, relaxed atmosphere was created by the interviewer before asking a list of 18 open-ended questions. RESULTS: In Group 1, 44% of the 183 patients did not have an acceptable idea about what glaucoma is, 30% did not know the purpose of the medications they were taking, 47% were not aware of what was an average intraocular pressure, and 45% did not understand why visual fields were examined. In Group 2, 54% gave unsatisfactory answers to the question "What is glaucoma?", 54% did not know the purpose of the medications they were taking, 80% were not aware of what was an average intraocular pressure, and 94% did not understand why visual fields were examined (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that level of education was positively correlated to knowledge about glaucoma in both groups (r=0.65, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that patients' knowledge about glaucoma varies greatly, and that in an urban, American setting, around one third of the patients have minimal understanding, whereas in an urban setting in Brazil around two thirds of patients were lacking basic information about glaucoma. Innovative and effective methods are needed to correct this situation.

O uso intraoperatório de mitomicina C em glaucomas refratários / Topical intraoperative mitomycin C in refractory glaucomas

Foram revistos os prontuários de 42 pacientes portadores de glaucoma refratário submetidos a trabeculectomia associada ao uso intra-operatório de mitomicina C (0.4 mg/ml) entre outubro de 1991 e maio de 1992 no Serviço de Glaucoma do Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, EUA). Dos 42 olhos, 34 puderam ser seguidos por pelo menos 6 meses. Dentre estes 34, 29 (83,5 por cento) apresentaram controle pressórico adequado ao final de um período de seguimento médio de 7,2 +ou- 1,4 meses. As principais complicaçöes pós-operatórias, entre as quais, descolamento da coróide (16,6 por cento), câmara anterior rasa (9,5 por cento) e maculopatia por hipotonia (4,8 por cento) estäo relacionadas ao excesso de filtraçäo observado no pós-operatório. Este estudo sugere que a mitomicina C é um potente inibidor do processo de cicatrizaçäo, altamente eficaz em prevenir a falência da cirurgia filtrante em olhos com glaucomas refratários. A reduçäo da dosagem e do tempo de exposiçäo à mitomicina C podem resultar em um menor número de complicaçöes secundárias ao excesso de filtraçäo. Estudos prospectivos e randomizados estäo sendo realizados para investigar esta possibilidade

O efeito da iridectomia periférica em pacientes com glaucoma pigmentar / The effects of peripheral iridectomy on pigmentary glaucoma

Os autores analisaram o efeito da iridectomia periférica em olhos com glaucoma pigmentar. Realizaram-se dois estudos com este objetivo: o primeiro, retrospectivo, comparava olhos de pacientes com glaucoma pigmentar bilateral que haviam sido submetidos à iridectomia periférica em apenas um dos olhos. O segundo, prospectivo e randomizado, comparava olhos submetidos ou näo à iridectomia periférica. O estudo retrospectivo mostrou que os olhos submetidos à iridectomia apresentaram uma mudança significativa da configuraçäo da íris periférica, além de reduçäo da pigmentaçäo da malha trabecular e do fuso de Krukenberg. O estudo prospectivo demonstrou um estreitamento do ângulo dos olhos submetidos à iridectomia, o que foi constatado através de uso de instrumento de análise computadorizada do segmento anterior. Demonstramos pela primeira vez que a iridectomia periférica em pacientes com glaucoma pigmentar pode promover uma alteraçäo da configuraçäo angular e pode reduzir a dispersäo pigmentar. Um maior período de seguimento será necessário para avaliar os efeitos sobre a pressäo intra-ocular e a progressäo do dano glaucomatoso ao nervo ótico.