Musculoskeletal pain and quality of life in mothers of children with microcephaly, due to congenital Zika virus syndrome.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain and the quality of life in mothers of children with microcephaly and also to compare the scores of the quality of life domains between mothers who had or did not have musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated mothers of children with a clinical diagnosis of microcephaly, due to congenital Zika virus syndrome, in the state of Pernambuco, northeast region, Brazil. To assess musculoskeletal pain, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used, pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale and quality of life by the SF-36 Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 63 mothers evaluated, 59 (93.7%) reported currently experiencing musculoskeletal pain. The lumbar spine was the body region with the highest prevalence of pain (77.8%), followed by the thoracic spine (57.1%) and cervical spine (50.8%). Pain intensity was higher in the lumbar spine (6.00 ± 0.47), thoracic spine (4.44 ± 0.52) and shoulders (3.81 ± 0.51). The domains that presented the lowest scores in the quality of life assessment were general health status (49.0 ± 3.19), emotional aspects (49.7 ± 5.88) and pain (49.7 ± 2.50). Mothers who had musculoskeletal pain had lower scores in all domains of quality of life assessment compared to mothers who did not have pain, demonstrating significant differences for functional capacity (P = 0.035), physical aspects (P = 0.047) and pain (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was observed in mothers of children with microcephaly, with a higher prevalence and intensity in the lumbar spine. The domains related to physical and emotional health presented the worst scores in the quality of life of the evaluated mothers and the presence of musculoskeletal pain reduced the quality of life of the mothers of children with microcephaly in this study.

Conhecimento e atitudes de indivíduos leigos sobre avulsão de dentes permanentes / Knowledge and atitudes of lay individuals about avulsion of permanente teeth / Conocimientos y actitudes de los legos sobre la avulsión de los dientes permanentes

Introdução: A avulsão dentária é caracterizada pelo deslocamento total do elemento dentário para fora do alvéolo em decorrência de um trauma externo e as medidas emergenciais prestadas ainda no local do acidente são imprescindíveis para um bom prognóstico. Objetivo: Investigou-se o nível de conhecimento e atitudes de leigos sobre possíveis condutas frente à avulsão de dentes permanentes. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário contendo perguntas sobre características gerais da lesão e as atitudes que os pacientes tomariam em um caso de avulsão. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Mann Whitney, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: Questionários foram respondidos por 120 pacientes enquanto aguardavam atendimento. A média geral de respostas corretas / atitudes esperadas foi de 3,74. Os participantes que possuíam informação prévia acerca do tema, obtiveram médias significativamente maiores, o mesmo não foi verificado com aqueles que possuíam experiência prévia com trauma. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre avulsão dentária dos pacientes é baixo e que a educação em saúde, através da informação da população pode ser um fator relevante para a melhora da conduta emergencial no local do trauma pela população leiga... (AU)

Introduction: Tooth avulsion is characterized by the total displacement of the tooth out of the socket as a result of an external trauma and emergency measures provided at the accident site are essential for a good prognosis. Objective: We investigated the level of knowledge and attitudes of lay people about possible behaviors in the face of avulsion of permanent teeth. Methods: Data collection was performed using a questionnaire containing questions about general characteristics of the lesion and the attitudes that patients would take in a case of avulsion. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a significance level of 5% (p <0,05). Results: Questionnaires were answered by 120 patients while waiting for care. The overall average of correct answers/expected attitudes was 3.74. Participants who had previous information on the subject had significantly higher averages, the same was not verified with those who had previous experience with trauma. Conclusion: It is concluded that the knowledge about dental avulsion of patients is low and that health education, through population information can be a relevant factor for the improvement of emergency management at the trauma site by the lay population... (AU)

Introducción: La avulsión dentaria se caracteriza por el desplazamiento total del diente fuera del alvéolo como consecuencia de un traumatismo externo y las medidas de urgencia en el lugar del accidente son fundamentales para un buen pronóstico. Objetivo: Indagamos el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes de los legos sobre posibles comportamientos ante la avulsión de dientes permanentes. Métodos: La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario que contenía preguntas sobre las características generales de la lesión y las actitudes que tomarían los pacientes en caso de avulsión. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Los cuestionarios fueron respondidos por 120 pacientes en espera de atención. La media global de aciertos/ actitudes esperadas fue de 3,74. Los participantes que tenían información previa sobre el tema tuvieron promedios significativamente más altos, lo mismo no se verificó con aquellos que tenían experiencia previa con el trauma. Conclusión: Se concluye que el conocimiento sobre la avulsión dentaria de los pacientes es bajo y que la educación en salud, a través de la información poblacional, puede ser un factor relevante para la mejora del manejo de la emergencia en el sitio del trauma por parte de la población no especializada... (AU)

The effects of zoledronic acid on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats: histological and microtomographic analyses.

PURPOSE: Periodontitis is considered a local risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). However, little is known about the progression of periodontitis in the presence of zoledronic acid (ZOL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the systemic use of ZOL on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats, as ZOL could modulate the progression of periodontitis and concomitantly cause MRONJ in individuals with periodontitis. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 6 groups (n=8 each). To induce EP, ligatures were placed around the right first mandibular molars. Three groups were treated with ZOL (0.15 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneal), and 3 with 0.9% saline solution (controls). In the ZOL/Lig30 and ZOL/Lig 15 groups, after 4 weeks of treatment with ZOL, EP was induced and euthanasia was performed after 30 and 15 days of EP induction, respectively. In both groups, the animals continued to receive ZOL after EP until the end of the experiment. In the Lig/ZOL group, EP was induced first, and 15 days later, ZOL was administered for 8 weeks, with euthanasia 1 week after the last dose. After euthanasia, the mandibles were evaluated using micro-computed microtomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry. Bone loss was measured, and the presence of osteonecrosis was evaluated histologically. The data were evaluated using the Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: In the Lig/ZOL group, micro-CT revealed less alveolar bone resorption in the distal root (P<0.01) than in the control group (Lig/Con). Histomorphometric analysis confirmed less alveolar bone resorption in the Lig/ZOL group (P=0.001). Histologically, osteonecrosis was more common in the ZOL groups. CONCLUSION: ZOL decreased alveolar bone resorption in rats with EP. However, it presented a higher risk for MRONJ.

The use of enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of class II furcation defects: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the regeneration of class II furcation defects, used alone or in conjunction with biomaterials. METHODS: Electronic database searches and hand searches were carried out and double-blind randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of EMD in class II furcation therapy were included, and a meta-analysis comparing the effect of open flap debridement (OFD) + ßTCP/HA with and without EMD was carried out. RESULTS: The initial search resulted in a total of 298 articles, after removing the duplicates and exclusions after analysing the titles, abstracts and full text, five studies were included for the qualitative synthesis and two for the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed no statistical difference when comparing OFD + ßTCP/ HA with or without EMD in the treatment of furcation defects in any of the evaluated parameters. According to GRADE, the certainty of the evidence for the variables evaluated was moderate. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic modalities studied improved the periodontal clinical parameters of class II furcations, but the use of EMD in the treatment of these defects did not contribute to a clinical improvement that justified its use associated with the therapies/biomaterials. It is important to emphasize the need for more studies with larger samples to increase the certainty of the evidence reported in this review.

Low-level laser irradiation induces in vitro proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the proliferation and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Cells were irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAlP laser diode (660 nm, 30 mW, continuous action mode) using two different energy densities (0.5 J/cm2-16 s; 1.0 J/cm2-33 s). Irradiation was performed at 0 and 48 h, with the laser probe fixed at a distance of 0.5 cm from the cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h by the Trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay. Cell cycle and Ki67 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related events were evaluated by expression of annexin V/PI and nuclear morphological changes by staining with DAPI. Differences between groups at each time were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, adopting a level of significance of 5% (p < 0.05). The results showed that an energy density of 1.0 J/cm2 promoted an increase in cell proliferation at 48 and 72 h compared to the control and 0.5 J/cm2 groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed a predominance of cells in the S and G2/M phases in the irradiated groups. This finding was confirmed by the increased expression of Ki67. Low positive staining for annexin V and PI was observed in all groups, and no nuclear changes were detected, indicating that cell viability was not affected by the energy densities tested. It can be concluded that the LLLI parameters used (660 nm, 30 mW, 1.0 J/cm2) promote the proliferation of SHEDs and the maintenance of cell viability.

Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation of cryopreserved adipose-derived stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation and viability of murine adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation. METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from inguinal fat pads of three mice, submitted to cryopreservation in fetal bovine serum with 10% dimethylsulfoxide for 30 days and then thawed and maintained in normal culture conditions. Culture cells were either irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAIP diode laser at zero and 48 hours, using two different energy densities (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2). Cell proliferation was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay at intervals of zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the first laser application. Cell viability and apoptosis of previously cryopreserved cells submitted to laser therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The Irradiated Groups (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2) showed an increased cell proliferation (p<0.05) when compared to the Control Group, however no significant difference between the two energy densities was observed. Flow cytometry revealed a percentage of viable cells higher than 99% in all groups. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser irradiation has stimulatory effects on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation.

Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation of cryopreserved adipose-derived stem cells / Laser de baixa intensidade promove proliferação de células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo criopreservadas

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation and viability of murine adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation. Methods Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from inguinal fat pads of three mice, submitted to cryopreservation in fetal bovine serum with 10% dimethylsulfoxide for 30 days and then thawed and maintained in normal culture conditions. Culture cells were either irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAIP diode laser at zero and 48 hours, using two different energy densities (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2). Cell proliferation was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay at intervals of zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the first laser application. Cell viability and apoptosis of previously cryopreserved cells submitted to laser therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The Irradiated Groups (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2) showed an increased cell proliferation (p<0.05) when compared to the Control Group, however no significant difference between the two energy densities was observed. Flow cytometry revealed a percentage of viable cells higher than 99% in all groups. Conclusion Low-level laser irradiation has stimulatory effects on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do laser de baixa intensidade na proliferação e na viabilidade de células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo murinas previamente submetidas à criopreservação. Métodos Células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo foram isoladas da região inguinal de três camundongos, submetidas à criopreservação em soro fetal bovino com 10% de dimetilsulfóxido por 30 dias e, depois, descongeladas e mantidas em condições normais de cultivo. As células cultivadas foram irradiadas ou não (controle) com um laser de diodo InGaAIP nos intervalos de zero e 48 horas, utilizando duas densidades de energia diferentes (0,5 e 1,0J/cm2). A proliferação celular foi avaliada pelo método de exclusão de azul de tripan e ensaio MTT, nos intervalos de zero, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a primeira aplicação do laser. A viabilidade celular e a apoptose das células previamente criopreservadas submetidas à laserterapia foram avaliadas por citometria de fluxo. Resultados Os Grupos Irradiados (0,5 e 1,0J/cm2) apresentaram aumento da proliferação celular (p<0,05) quando comparados ao Grupos Controle, porém não foi observada diferença significativa entre as duas densidades de energia. A citometria de fluxo revelou percentagem de células viáveis superior a 99% em todos os grupos. Conclusão O laser de baixa intensidade tem efeitos estimuladores sobre a proliferação de células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo previamente submetidas à criopreservação.

Effect of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells from the pulp of three deciduous teeth were isolated and characterized to confirm their stem cell nature. In second passage, part of the cells were submitted to normal conditions of cell culture (Control group), while part of the cells were maintained in 10% DMSO diluted in foetal bovine serum and submitted to the following cryopreservation protocol: 2 h at 4 °C, 18 h at -20 °C and then at -80 °C for two intervals (30 days - Cryopreservation I; and 180 days Cryopreservation II). Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h after plating, and apoptosis-related events were analyzed at 72 h. RESULTS: All groups exhibited an increase in the number of cells, and no significant differences between the cryopreserved and control groups were observed (p > .05). The distribution of cells in the cell cycle phases was consistent with cell proliferation, and the percentage of viable cells was higher than 99% in all groups, indicating that cell viability was not affected by the cryopreservation protocol throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION: The proposed cryopreservation protocol is adequate for the storage of SHED, permitting their use in future experimental studies.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in several in vitro experiments in order to stimulate cell proliferation. Cells such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, lymphocytes, and osteoblasts have shown increased proliferation when submitted to laser irradiation, although little is known about the effects of LLLT on stem cells. This study aims to assess, through a systematic literature review, the effects of LLLT on the in vitro proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Using six different terms, we conducted an electronic search in PubMed/Medline database for articles published in the last twelve years. From 463 references obtained, only 19 papers met the search criteria and were included in this review. The analysis of the papers showed a concentration of experiments using LLLT on stem cells derived from bone marrow, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and adipose tissue. Several protocols were used to irradiate the cells, with variations on wavelength, power density, radiation time, and state of light polarization. Most studies demonstrated an increase in the proliferation rate of the irradiated cells. It can be concluded that the laser therapy positively influences the in vitro proliferation of stem cells studied, being necessary to carry out further experiments on other cell types and to uniform the methodological designs.

Effects of laser therapy on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) stimulates the proliferation of a variety of cell types. However, very little is known about the effect of laser therapy on dental stem cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of LLLI (660 nm, 30 mW) on the proliferation rate of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC), obtained from two healthy permanent third molars extracted due to surgical indication. Culture cells were either irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAIP diode laser at 0 and 48 h, using two different energy densities (0.5 J/cm², 16 s and 1.0 J/cm², 33 s). Cell proliferation was evaluated by the Trypan blue exclusion method and by measuring mitochondrial activity using the MTT-based cytotoxicity assay at intervals of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after the first laser application. An energy density of 1.0 J/cm² improved the cell proliferation in comparison to the other groups (control and laser 0.5 J/cm²) at 48 and 72 h. The group irradiated with 1.0 J/cm² presented significantly higher MTT activity at 48 and 72 h when compared to the energy density of 0.5 J/cm². It can be concluded that LLLI using infrared light and an energy density of 1.0 J/cm² has a positive stimulatory effect on the proliferation of hPDLSC.

Avaliação estética e condutas terapêuticas relacionadas aos principais perfis faciais / Aesthetic evaluation and therapeutic procedures related to main facial profiles

Introdução: A cirurgia ortognática para correções de deformidades dentofaciais proporciona uma face mais harmoniosa, funcional e estética. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção dos cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais quanto à estética dos perfis faciais padrões I, II e III, relacionada ao sexo, etnia e às principais condutas terapêuticas. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 18 cirurgiões especialistas ou em formação em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, utilizando uma ficha clínica padronizada para avaliação estética e condutas terapêuticas de 12 imagens manipuladas simulando os perfis faciais, sexo e raças. Resultados: Quanto à estética, destacaram-se os perfis faciais tipo I, que apresentaram as melhores médias, enquanto os perfis faciais tipo III as menores; entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre as médias obtidas nos diferentes perfis faciais em relação ao sexo e à raça. As condutas terapêuticas foram homogêneas nos perfis II e III, com maiores percentuais para condutas clássicas no tratamento ortocirúrgico destas deformidades dentofaciais. Conclusão: O perfil facial I foi o considerado mais estético; então, houve influência do sexo e do tipo racial na estética para a amostra estudada. Os perfis faciais I foram os mais difíceis de avaliar quanto às condutas terapêuticas, o que resultou em grande variedade de opções em relação aos perfis II e III.

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery for correction of dentofacial deformities provides a more-symmetrical face, and functional and aesthetic benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of buccomaxillofacial surgeons regarding the aesthetics of facial profiles patterns I, II, and III in related to sex, ethnicity, and the main therapeutic procedures. Methods: We interviewed 18 specialist surgeons or surgeons in training in buccomaxillofacial surgery by using a standardized clinical report form for aesthetic evaluation and therapeutic procedures of 12 manipulated images simulating facial profiles, sex, and race. Results: As for aesthetics, the highlights were that facial profile type I had the highest mean values, whereas facial profile type III had the lowest mean values. However, no significant differences were found between the mean values obtained in different facial profiles in relation to sex and race. The therapeutic procedures were homogeneous in profiles II and III, with higher percentages for classical procedures in the orthosurgical treatment of these dentofacial deformities. Conclusion: Facial profile I was considered more aesthetic. Furthermore, sex and racial type effects on aesthetics for the studied sample. Facial profiles I were the most difficult to assess as to therapeutic procedures, which resulted in a wide range of options in relation to profiles II and III.

Long-term periodontal tissue outcome in regenerated infrabony and furcation defects: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the long-term results of periodontal tissues in regenerated infrabony and furcation defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search of the Medline database was performed (1960 to 2012), complimented by an additional hand search. For inclusion in the review, clinical trials had to include the long-term evaluation of infrabony and furcation defects submitted to periodontal regeneration for up to 3 years of follow-up. Changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) from pre-surgery, at the first post-surgical, and final evaluations were used to analyze the effects of regenerative treatments over time. RESULTS: A total of 866 articles were found using the descriptors employed. Of these, 216 papers were selected for abstract reading by two evaluators. One hundred and eighty-nine were excluded for not fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Twenty-seven papers were selected for the analysis of the full texts, and 13 were excluded. Two studies were included after a manual search. Finally, 16 papers were selected for the present review. CONCLUSIONS: Regenerative techniques for the treatment of infrabony and furcation defects resulted in improved CAL during long-term follow-up periods, even when attachment losses occurred during this period. This improvement should be carefully evaluated with regard to its clinical relevance for dental longevity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The improvement in clinical attachment level achieved by regenerative techniques with biomaterials demonstrated satisfactory results over the long-term. However, regenerative techniques still present different success rates with regard to gain in clinical attachment level.

Low-level laser irradiation induces in vitro proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on the proliferation and possible nuclear morphological changes of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue were submitted to two applications (T0 and T48 hours) of low-level laser irradiation (660 nm; doses of 0.5 and 1.0 J/cm2). The trypan blue assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and growth curves were used to analyze proliferation at zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Nuclear alterations were evaluated by staining with DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) at 72 hours. RESULTS: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells responded to laser therapy in a dose-dependent manner. Higher cell growth was observed when the cells were irradiated with a dose of 1.0 J/cm2, especially after 24 hours (p<0.01). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells responded better to a dose of 1.0 J/cm2, but higher cell proliferation was observed after 48 hours (p<0.05) and 72 hours (p<0.01). Neither nuclear alterations nor a significant change in cell viability was detected in the studied groups. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser irradiation stimulated the proliferation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells without causing nuclear alterations. The biostimulation of mesenchymal stem cells using laser therapy might be an important tool for regenerative therapy and tissue engineering.

Low-level laser irradiation induces in vitro proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells / Laser de baixa intensidade induz à proliferação in vitro de células-tronco mesenquimais

Objective : To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on the proliferation and possible nuclear morphological changes of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Methods : Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue were submitted to two applications (T0 and T48 hours) of low-level laser irradiation (660nm; doses of 0.5 and 1.0J/cm2). The trypan blue assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and growth curves were used to analyze proliferation at zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Nuclear alterations were evaluated by staining with DAPI (4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) at 72 hours. Results : Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells responded to laser therapy in a dose-dependent manner. Higher cell growth was observed when the cells were irradiated with a dose of 1.0J/cm2, especially after 24 hours (p<0.01). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells responded better to a dose of 1.0J/cm2, but higher cell proliferation was observed after 48 hours (p<0.05) and 72 hours (p<0.01). Neither nuclear alterations nor a significant change in cell viability was detected in the studied groups. Conclusion : Low-level laser irradiation stimulated the proliferation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells without causing nuclear alterations. The biostimulation of mesenchymal stem cells using laser therapy might be an important tool for regenerative therapy and tissue engineering. .

Objetivo : Avaliar o efeito da terapia com laser de baixa intensidade sobre a proliferação e as possíveis alterações morfológicas nucleares em células-tronco mesenquimais de camundongos. Métodos : Células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da medula óssea e do tecido adiposo foram submetidas a duas aplicações (T0 e T48 horas) de laser de baixa intensidade (660nm; doses de 0,5 e 1,0J/cm2). O ensaio de azul de tripan foi utilizado para a avaliação da viabilidade celular, e curvas de crescimento foram usadas para avaliar a proliferação das células em zero, 24, 48, e 72 horas. Alterações nucleares foram avaliadas por coloração com DAPI (4-6-diamidino-2-fenilindolo) em 72 horas. Resultados : As células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da medula óssea responderam a terapia com laser de forma dose-dependente. Um maior crescimento celular foi observado quando as células foram irradiadas com dose de 1,0J/cm2, especialmente depois de 24 horas (p<0,01). As células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo responderam melhor à dose de 1,0J/cm2, com maior proliferação após 48 (p<0,05) e 72 horas (p<0,01). Nem alterações nucleares nem a mudança significativa na viabilidade celular foi detectada nos grupos estudados. Conclusão : Laser de baixa intensidade estimulou a proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais sem causar alterações nucleares. A bioestimulação de células-tronco mesenquimais por laserterapia pode ser uma ferramenta importante para a terapia regenerativa e a engenharia tecidual. .

Cell adhesion in bone grafts associated to nanotechnology: a systematic review

Introduction: Tissue engineering aims at the development of biological substitutes that can restore, maintain, or improve the functionality of damaged tissue or organs. To this end, molecular and cellular interactions may influence the tissue reactions to biomaterials. In order to be effective and integrated to the receiving area, the bone graft is required to allow a strong cell adhesion, interacting with several molecules to induce migration, differentiation, and thus the mineralization of the new bone on the graft. These cell adhesion molecules (CAM) will mediate the contact between two cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix, an essential process to the success of the implant. Objective: This paper is a systematic review of the literature on the mechanisms of cell adhesion to bone grafts associated to nanotechnology, describing the importance and the role of those molecules in the adhesion and thus in tissue regeneration. Literature review: After the use of search strategies, 18 articles that describe processes of cell adhesion to bone grafts were selected. Results: The main reported mechanisms involve cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix components. Conclusion: Several molecules are involved in the process of cell adhesion to bone grafts, highlighting the role of integrins, the focal adhesion mechanism, the influence of the collagen matrix, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in bone matrix formation. Accurate identification of these mechanisms of cell adhesion is essential for further advancement in tissue engineering, such as the production of biological bone substitutes that achieve a better clinical outcome.

Rendimento de células, esenquimais do tecido adiposo submetidas a diferentes protocolos de extração / Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells yield under different cell extraction protocols

Objetivo: Estabelecer um protocolo de extração de células mesenquimais do tecido adiposo, a partir da avaliação do rendimento celular em dois métodos de digestão enzimática do tecido. Material e Métodos: Fragmentos de tecido adiposo foram extraídos da região inguinal de camundongos e processados por dois protocolos distintos: Grupo 1 – digestão enzimática com colagenase I; Grupo 2 – digestão enzimática com colagenas e I e tripsina/EDTA, ambos por 1 hora a 37°C.No terceiro subcultivo (P3) as células dos dois grupos foram submetidas a contagem em Câmara de Neubauer para avaliação da proliferação celular e obtenção da curva decrescimento nos intervalos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Foi realizada a marcação pelo DAPI no intervalo de 72 horas, nos grupos estudados, para avaliar a existência de danos morfológicos nucleares. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os dois grupos exibiram um padrão de crescimento celular ascendente. As médias das contagens celulares demonstraram uma maior proliferação celular no grupo I, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos nos intervalos de 48 e72 horas (p<0,05). Alterações morfológicas nucleares não oram observadas nos grupos. Conclusão: A digestão enzimática do tecido adiposo por colagenase I, sem associação com a tripsina, proporcionou melhor rendimento das células mesenquimais, o que favorece a escolha desse protocolo em experimentos com este tipo celular.

Objective: To establish a protocol for extraction of adipose derivedmesenchymal cells, evaluating the cell yield in twomethods of tissue enzymatic digestion. Material and Methods:Fragments of adipose tissue were removed from the inguinal region of mice and processed by two different protocols:Group 1 - enzymatic digestion with collagenase I; Group 2 -enzymatic digestion with collagenase I and trypsin/EDTA,both for 1 hour at 37°C. In the third passage (P3), cells fromboth groups were counted in a Neubauer chamber forevaluation of cell proliferation, and growth curves were plottedat intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The DAPI nuclear stainingwas performed in both groups in a 72-hour interval to evaluatethe presence of nuclear morphological damage. Data wereanalyzed statistically with a significance level of 5%. Results:The two groups showed an upward pattern of cell growth.The mean cell counts showed a higher cell proliferation ingroup I, with a statistically significant difference betweengroups in intervals of 48 and 72 hours (p<0.05). Nuclearmorphological changes were not observed in the groups.Conclusion: The enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue bycollagenase I, without association with trypsin, improves theyield of mesenchymal cells, what suggests the choice ofthat protocol in experiments with this cell type.

Rendimento de células mesenquimais do ligamento periodontal humano submetidas a diferentes protocolos de criopreservação / Yield of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells under different protocols of cryopreservation

Introdução: A técnica de criopreservação tem como característica cessar reversivelmente todas as funções biológicas dos tecidos vivos em baixas temperaturas e tem sido aplicada a diversas células humanas, visando à sua utilização posterior. Objetivo: Avaliar a proliferação de células mesenquimais do ligamento periodontal humano após a criopreservação por dois diferentes protocolos. Método: As células do ligamento periodontal foram obtidas a partir de dois dentes (terceiros molares) hígidos, com indicação de remoção cirúrgica. Após o processamento, as células foram cultivadas em placas de Petri e mantidas a 37 °C em 5% de CO2, até atingirem 70-90% de confluência, com troca de meio a cada três dias. Na primeira passagem, as células foram divididas em dois grupos e criopreservadas: Grupo -80 °C - criopreservação em ultrafreezer por 45 dias; Grupo -196 °C - criopreservação em nitrogênio líquido por 45 dias. Decorrido esse tempo, as células dos dois grupos foram descongeladas e plaqueadas para o experimento. A curva de crescimento dos grupos estudados foi traçada a partir de contagem em Câmara de Neubauer e pelo método de ensaio do MTT, nos intervalos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: Verificou-se um crescimento ascendente nos dois protocolos utilizados, porém uma maior taxa proliferativa foi verificada no grupo criopreservado em nitrogênio líquido (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os protocolos de criopreservação estudados foram eficazes, porém a criopreservação em nitrogênio líquido (-196 °C) manteve uma maior taxa de proliferação celular em todos os intervalos de tempo.

Introduction: Cryopreservation aims to stop reversibly the biological functions of living tissues at low temperatures, and is an important resource for the storage of human cells for later use. Aim: To assess the proliferation of mesenchymal cells from human periodontal ligament cryopreserved by two different protocols. Method: Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from third molars with an indication for surgical removal. After processing, cells were grown and maintained at 37 °C in 5% CO2 until they reached 70-90% confluency, with medium changing every three days. In the first passage cells were divided into two groups, according to the protocol used: Group -80 °C - cryopreserved in ultrafreezer for 45 days, Group -196 °C - cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 45 days. After this time, cells from both groups were thawed and plated for the experiment. The growth curve of the groups was drawn from counting cells in a Neubauer chamber and by the MTT assay method, in the intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. Result: There was an upward cell growth in both protocols used, but a higher proliferative rate was observed in group cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cryopreservation has proven to be an effective technique for the storage and of mesenchymal cells from the periodontal ligament, especially when stored at a temperature of -196 °C.

Avaliação dos principais padrões de perfil facial quanto a estética e atratividade / Avaliação dos prinicpais padrões de perfil facial quanto a estética e atratividade", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: Os parâmetros de beleza e atratividade facial exercem influência considerável na população, pois os padrões estéticos são vistos como importante fator para aceitação social. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os principais padrões do perfil facial em relação aos parâmetros de atratividade estética na opinião de uma população leiga e relacionar os resultados com a raça. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta de 125 pacientes e/ou responsáveis sob os cuidados do serviço de saúde municipal e serviços privados, na cidade de Caruaru, PE, Brasil. A sequência específica de seis fotos foi mostrada para cada indivíduo, que atribuiu pontuação de 0 a 10 para a classificação de estética e beleza. As imagens tinham sido previamente tratadas e manipuladas usando o programa Adobe Photoshop CS3 e representavam os principais padrões do perfil facial (classes I, II e III) e tipos raciais. RESULTADOS: Valores médios de 8,02 ± 1,63 foram obtidos para a classe I branca, 6,60 ± 2,35 para a classe I negra, 4,72 ± 2,71 para a classe II branca, 4,23 ± 2,29 para a classe II negra, 4,54 ± 2,33 para a classe III branca e 3,49 ± 2,10 para a classe III negra. Perfis faciais da raça negra foram estatisticamente considerados menos atraentes que os da raça branca. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão facial de classe I foi considerado o mais atraente e o padrão de classe III o menos atraente, para as raças branca e negra. No entanto, neste estudo a raça negra recebeu notas mais baixas na avaliação de todos os padrões de perfil em relação a estética e atratividade.

BACKGROUND: The parameters of beauty and facial attractiveness have a significant impact on the population because aesthetic standards are important factors of social acceptance. The aim of this study was to assess the major determinants of facial profile aesthetics and attractiveness according to laypeople and correlate the obtained results with ethnicity. METHODS: A cohort of 125 patients (or their guardians) receiving treatment in municipal or private health care services in Caruaru, PE, Brazil, was analyzed. A defined sequence of 6 photos was shown to each individual, who then assigned a score of 0-10 for evaluation of aesthetics and beauty. The images were previously treated and manipulated using Adobe Photoshop CS3 and corresponded to the main criteria of facial profile (classes I, II, and III) and ethnicity. RESULTS: Average values of 8.02 ± 1.63 were obtained for Caucasian class I, 6.60 ± 2.35 for African class I, 4.72 ± 2.71 for Caucasian class II, 4.23 ± 2.29 for African class II, 4.54 ± 2.33 for Caucasian class III, and 3.49 ± 2.10 for African class III. African facial profiles were considered statistically less attractive than Caucasian facial profiles. CONCLUSIONS: The facial criteria of both Caucasian class I and African class I were the most attractive, whereas to the facial criteria of class III were less attractive. However, in this study, the African class received lower scores for aesthetics and attractiveness in all criteria.

Influência de um protocolo de criopreservação no rendimento in vitro de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo / Effect of a cryopreservation protocol on the in vitro yield of adipose-derived stem cells

INTRODUÇÃO: O tecido adiposo obtido por lipoaspiração pode ser uma fonte acessível de células-tronco, para posterior aplicação clínica na regeneração tecidual. O processo de criopreservação mantém essas células vivas por longos períodos, sem prejuízo a suas funções. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de um protocolo de criopreservação na proliferação das células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo. MÉTODO: Fragmentos de tecido adiposo de camundongos foram submetidos a digestão enzimática e as células foram cultivadas em meio α-MEM (do inglês Minimum Essential Medium), suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB), e mantidas a 37ºC em 5% de dióxido de carbono. No primeiro subcultivo, uma alíquota de 1x10(6) células foi criopreservada em SFB com 10% de dimetilsulfóxido por 30 dias, e outro grupo permaneceu em cultura. No terceiro subcultivo, as células dos dois grupos (não-criopreservadas e criopreservadas) foram plaqueadas e a viabilidade celular e as curvas de crescimento foram estabelecidas a partir de contagem em hemocitômetro e pelo ensaio de MTT, nos intervalos de 24 horas, 48 horas e 72 horas. A avaliação da morfologia nuclear foi realizada pela marcação por DAPI. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Observou-se padrão de crescimento celular ascendente em ambos os grupos, sem diferença significante ao longo do experimento (P > 0,05). Não houve alteração considerável da viabilidade celular e danos nucleares também não foram observados nos grupos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: O protocolo de criopreservação avaliado mostrou-se eficaz para manter a integridade das células-tronco de tecido adiposo, permitindo seu armazenamento para uso posterior.

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue obtained by liposuction may be an accessible source of stem cells for future clinical application in tissue regeneration. Cryopreservation maintains stem cells in a live state for long periods of time, without impairing their function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a cryopreservation protocol on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS: Fragments of mouse adipose tissue were subjected to enzymatic digestion in order to isolate cells that were then cultured in minimum essential medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were maintained at 37°C in 5% carbon dioxide (CO2). At the first passage, an aliquot of 1 × 10(6) cells was cryopreserved in FBS with 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 30 days, whereas the remaining cells were seeded and maintained in culture. When these cells reached the third passage, the 2 groups of cells (cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved) were seeded for experiments. Cell viability and proliferation curves were established at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours by counting cells with a hemocytometer and MTT assay. Nuclear morphology was assessed by DAPI staining. The data were statistically analyzed, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Increasing cellular proliferation was observed in both groups, with no significant difference throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). There was no significant change in cell viability and signs of nuclear damage were not detected in both the groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: The cryopreservation protocol analyzed was effective for maintaining the integrity of adipose-derived stem cells, allowing their storage for later use.

Utilização de matriz óssea desmineralizada para reparo de falhas ósseas / Use of demineralized bone matrix in the repair of bone defects

Introdução: Diversos biomateriais têm sido propostos como substituto do osso autógeno em procedimentos cirúrgicos, destacando-se a Matriz Óssea Desmineralizada (MOD). Objetivo: O presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a utilização da MOD aplicada à regeneração óssea. Material e método: Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct, limitada a artigos publicados em inglês, utilizando-se quatro descritores relacionados ao tema. Resultado: A literatura mostra que a MOD é um tipo de aloenxerto constituído principalmente por colágenos e diversos fatores de crescimento, e que apresenta um melhor desempenho quando comparado com o autoenxerto, pois proporciona uma boa capacidade osteoindutiva e não exige outro sítio cirúrgico para a sua obtenção. A MOD é considerada menos imunogênica do que o osso homólogo mineralizado e sua preparação promove a eliminação efetiva de vírus, como o HIV. Tem sido utilizada no reparo de falhas ósseas estáveis, como cavidades císticas, e no tratamento de fraturas maxilares, dentre outras. Note-se que seu desempenho depende de um bom estado geral de saúde do paciente. Conclusão: A MOD tem um amplo espectro de utilização clínica por suas características biológicas favoráveis; todavia, o entendimento de suas propriedades é necessário para determinar a escolha da MOD nos procedimentos cirúrgicos reparadores.

Introduction: Several biomaterials have been proposed as a substitute for autogenous bone in surgical procedures, highlighting the demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Objective: The paper consists of a systematic review of the literature on the use of DBM in the repair of bone defects. Material and method: The literature search was performed on PubMed and Science Direct databases, limited to papers published in English, using four search terms. Result: The literature shows that DBM is a type of allograft consisting of collagen and various growth factors, and it presents a better performance when compared to autograft - once it provides a good osteoinductive capacity and does not require another surgical site. DBM is considered less immunogenic than the mineralized bone and the preparation process promotes the effective elimination of viruses such as HIV. It has been used to repair stable bone defects as cystic cavities and for the treatment of jaw fractures, among others, and their performance depends on the patient?s general state of health. Conclusion: Due to its favorable biological characteristics, DBM has a broad spectrum of clinical use; however, the understanding of its properties is required to base their choice on surgical repair.