[Possibilities of using recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in otorhinolaryngology]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniya rekombinantnoi dezoksiribonukleazy I cheloveka v otorinolaringologii.

ANNOTATION: Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme, Tigerase) is a purified solution of recombinant human DNase, clinically developed for the treatment of pulmonary diseases in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The action of the drug is aimed at destroying the viscous secretion, rich in DNA strands of neutrophils, through their fragmentation, the density of the secretion decreases, and the aeration of the lower respiratory tract improves. The similarity of pathological processes with the formation of viscous exudate on the surface of the mucous membrane in diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear initiated studies on the use of Dornase alpha in otorhinolaryngology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of materials of domestic and foreign authors on the effectiveness of the use of the drug Dornase alfa in otorhinolaryngology was carried out. RESULTS: The review included 132 patients (10 studies) in whom Dornase alfa was used to treat CF-associated nasal and paranasal sinus diseases. Analysis of the literature revealed only 3 studies, one of which consisted of two parts, examining the effect of Dornase alpha on middle ear exudate: two studies were demonstrated in an animal model; one - in vitro on samples of middle ear effusion which were aspirated through a myringotomy incision from patients with recurrent acute otitis media; and one in clinical 40 patients (40 ears) for hydrolysis of exudate in the tympanostomy tubes. CONCLUSION: Analysis of studies on the use of Dornase alfa demonstrates an improvement in clinical symptoms in all patients with CF and chronic rhinosinusitis. In experimental studies on an animal model, as well as in vitro research on exudate from the middle ear, Dornase alfa has demonstrated high efficacy and safety. Dornase alfa is a drug with high potential, further research is needed for wider use in ENT practice, especially in otiatrics.

[The results of a comparative randomized study of the effectiveness of various methods for the correction of the nasal valve: the objective evaluation].

The present comparative randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the most widely used methods for the surgical treatment of nasal valve dysfunction including sutural extension of the valve, stretching the lateral nasal wall in combination with the application of strengthening transplants, and the introduction of tissue expanders. The objective studies were carried out with the use of anterior active rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry performed within 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery. It was shown that the correction of dysfunction of the nasal valve with the application of expanding transplants is the most effective method for the normalization of the parameters of nasal breathing during the mid- and long-term follow up. Plastic surgery with the use of local tissues produces a less pronounced but stable beneficial effect whereas the sutural extension of the valve yields only short-term positive results. On the whole, the effectiveness of the latter approach is inferior to that of the former two methods.

[The results of a comparative randomized study on the effectiveness of various methods for the correction of the nasal valve: the subjective evaluation].

The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of several extensively used techniques for the correction of the nasal valve in terms of the main clinical manifestations with the application of various scales for subjective evaluation of the outcomes of the treatment. It was demonstrated in the course of this prospective study that the patients described the elimination of nasal valve dysfunction with the help of expanding transplants as the most effective method in terms of the improvement of nasal breathing and the achievement of the acceptable aesthetic results. The plastic correction with the use of local tissues was reported to be less efficacious even if ensuring the stable result. This method did not worsen the shape of the nose but failed to remove its existing cosmetic defect. As far as the aesthetic outcome of the treatment is concerned, the suture correction technique was recognized to be the least efficacious approach because it resulted in the deterioration of the nose shape in more than half of the cases.

[The nasal valve. Part II. The modern methods for the conservative and surgical treatment of its pathology].

This literature review is focused on the methods for surgical correction of the nasal valve. Various surgical techniques are critically examined with reference to their application depending on the peculiar anatomical features of the nasal valve and mechanisms underlying its disorders. Conflicting opinions about the approaches to the correction of nasal valve insufficiency dictate the necessity of further search for the new methods for this purpose taking account of the peculiarities of the patients' clinical conditions and topographic level of the disorder.

[The nasal valve. Part I. Anatomical and physiological nature, clinical manifestations of dysfunction and methods for its diagnostics].

In this article, the critical analysis of the available publications concerning anatomical and physiological nature of the nasal valve, clinical manifestations of its dysfunction, and diagnostic methods is presented. Various diagnostic tools are considered with special reference to the anatomical features of the nasal valve and mechanisms of its disorders. The study revealed contradictory opinions as regards the causes underlying valvular insufficiency and the necessity of the objective evaluation of nasal breathing in the patients with this pathology. The need of the search for the new methods of topical diagnostics of nasal valve dysfunction is substantiated.

[Sensitivity to antibiotics of the microflora isolated from endometritis after infected abortion]. / Chustvitelnost k antibiotikam mikroflory, vydelennoi pri endometritakh posle infitsirovannovo aborta.

PIP: Microflora from the endometrium of 63 women, taken after infected abortion, was studied. The material was cultured in various mediums and was subjected to the antibiotics penicillin, streptomycin, enythomycin, neomycin, levomycin, monomycin, and tetracycline. The cultures of a staphlococci were most sensitive to neomycin, monomycin, and erythromycin. They were less sensitive to levomycin, and tetracycline. The cultures also possessed an expressed sensitivity to penicillin and streptomycin. The prevailing microflora taken from these patients was staphlococci.^ieng