[Home treatment of dental hyperesthesia symptoms]. / Simptomaticheskoe lechenie giperestezii zubov v domashnikh usloviyakh.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the efficacy of Sensodyne toothpast for the improvement of dental hypersensitivity of various origin and the duration of the achieved effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 142 patients of which 95 people had tooth sensitivity. Of these, 4 groups were formed homogeneous by age and sex. Group 1 comprised 27 people (average age 34±3 years) with I grade dental abrasion. Group 2 comprised 23 people (average age 33±5 years) with II grade dental abrasion. Group 3 consisted of 23 people (average age 37±4 years) with grade 3 abrasion with gingival recession of varying severity. Group 4 (comparison) comprised 22 people (mean age 36±4 years) with tooth hypersensitivity who were offered a different toothpaste. The severity of hyperesthesia was assessed using the Schiff method. RESULTS: The study revealed statistically significant decrease in dental sensitivity in all studied groups. The first positive results were noted by day 3. The maximum effect was achieved by day 30 regardless of the etiology of the primary pathology. The hypersensitivity decreased in group 1 from 1.69±0.59 to 0.48±0.20 (by 71.5%), in group 2 from 1.78±0.88 to 0.3±0.22 (by 83.1%), in group 3 from 1.94±0.6 to 0.35±0.17 (by 82%). The duration of the effect obtained was 60 days. In the comparison group, the symptom of hyperesthesia decreased by 51% after 30 days with gingival recession and increased abrasion of hard tissues when using another toothpaste. The achieved effect of reducing hyperesthesia was less stable. At day 60 it decreased by 30% from the maximum value. CONCLUSION: The study proved the high efficiency of the Sensodyne toothpaste as a home remedy for symptomatic treatment of hyperesthesia.

[The new antitumor drug cycloplatam: cytotoxicity and DNA interstrand cross-linking]. / Novyi protivoopukholevyi preparat tsikoplatam: tsitotoksichnost' i mezhnitevye sshivki DNK.

Cytotoxicity genetic mechanisms such as induction of SOS-repair, excision repair and interstrand coupling induced by cycloplatam or ammine (cyclopentyl amine)-S(-) malatoplatinum (II), a new antitumor drug, were for the first time studied in comparison to those of the known drug cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) in a model system of Escherichia coli. In the cells of E. coli the cycloplatam cytotoxicity was much lower than that of DDP. Both the drugs induced SOS-repair in E. coli PQ37. In a concentration of 25 microM DDP was 20 times as active as cycloplatam. In concentrations of 40 to 100 microM the difference leveled. Both the drugs induced interstrand coupling in specimens of pure DNA from calf thymus and E. coli. When the cells of the wild type E. coli AB1157 were incubated in the presence of the drugs only DDP induced the DNA interstrand coupling. No correlation between the DNA interstrand coupling induced by cycloplatam or DDP and cytotoxicity of the drugs was observed.

[Modulation of the antitumor activity of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoure a by O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine--a new inhibitor of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase]. / Moduliatsiia protivoopukholevoi aktivnosti 1-(4-amino-2-metil-5-pirimidinil)metil-3-(2-khlorétil)-3-nitrozomochev iny O(6)-metil-2'-dezoksiguanozinom--novym ingibitorom O(6)-alkilguanin-DNK-alkiltransferazy.

O6-Methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-MedG), a novel inhibitor of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (O6-AGT), has been synthesized. The ability of O6-MedG to deplete the O6-AGT activity in leukemia L1210 and melanoma B16 cells in vivo has been studied. After intraperitoneal administration of O6-MedG to mice bearing leukemia L1210 or melanoma B16, the activity of O6-AGT in tumour cells decreased by 50%. Pretreatment of leukemia L1210 bearing mice with O6-MedG (200 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to ACNU (15 mg/kg) administration resulted in six out of seven 60-day survivors. Treatment of mice with ACNU (15 mg/kg) alone increased the life span by 200%. Treatment of melanoma B16 bearing mice with O6-MedG and 3 hours thereafter with ACNU resulted in a 50% inhibition of tumour growth, whereas the inhibiting effect of ACNU alone was 16%. There was no difference in leukemia growth when L1210/BCNU bearing mice were treated with O6-MedG followed by ACNU treatment. In vivo ACNU (15 mg/kg) produced a deep and prolonged inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells. The DNA synthesis in leukemia L1210/BCNU cells was shown to recover more rapidly than in L1210 cells. The activities of DNA-polymerases alpha and beta and, especially, of O6-AGT were elevated in ACNU-resistant leukemia cells as compared with ACNU-sensitive cells. The activation of some repairing enzymes, such as O6-AGT, DNA-polymerases alpha and beta as well as increased levels of GSH may play a role in the development of drug resistance to ACNU.

[Changes in the rate of protein biosynthesis in the organs of mice under the action of the delta sleep-inducing peptide and psychoemotional stress]. / Izmeneniia skorosti biosinteza belkov v organakh myshei pri deistvii del'ta-son-indutsiruiushchego peptida i psikhoémotsional'nogo stressa.

The effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and its analogs (ID-6 and ID-12) on the protein synthesis rate in the mouse brain, liver, and spleen were studied with special reference to mechanisms underlying the adaptogenic action of DSIP. Time-related changes of the protein synthesis rate were estimated in the mouse organs after a single intraperitoneal injection of the peptide (120 mg/kg body weight) and the psycho-emotional stress with or without preliminary (1 h before) injection of the peptide. After DSIP administration, the protein biosynthesis was activated and the dynamics of stress-induced changes of biosynthesis were modified. The data obtained suggest that the mechanisms underlying the DSIP adaptogenic action involve its modulatory effect on the regulatory system of protein biosynthesis.

[Formation of superoxide radicals in membranes of subcellular organelles in regenerating liver]. / Obrazovanie superoksidnykh radikalov v membranakh subkletochnykh organell regeneriruiushchei pecheni.

A correlation between the changes in the rates of superoxide radical generation, upsilon, in microsomes, mitochondria, and nuclei and the Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD activities in rat liver during the first 5 days after partial hepatectomy, has been studied. Level of upsilon in microsomal and mitochondrial membranes in the regeneration process was reduced. The Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD activities changed in an extreme and antibate manner: the former was characterized by a minimum, whereas the latter-by a maximum with an extreme on the 3rd day after surgery. Analysis of the correlation between the values of upsilon in the nuclear membranes and cell cycle stages (on a literary basis) revealed that the upsilon was decreased 2 times on the stage of DNA synthesis. When mitosis was at maximum, upsilon showed a 4-5-fold increase in comparison with the control, the Cu, Zn-SOD activity being essentially unchanged. A role of SOD and O2-. in cell division is postulated. O2-. is assumed to play a role in gene expression, disassembly, and regeneration of the nuclear membrane; that of SOD is thought to consist in regulation of the proliferative activity.

[Changes in the replication apparatus and phosphorus-containing metabolite pool in experimental tumors in animals during development]. / Izmeneniia v apparate replikatsii i sostoianii pula fosforsoderzhashchikh metabolitov éksperimental'nykh opukholei zhivotnykh v protsesse razvitiia.

Activity of replicase complex enzymes involving thymidine kinase (TK), ribonucleotide reductase (RR), DNA-polymerases alpha and beta as well as DNA synthesis and single breaks in DNA were studied during growth of P388 ascites tumor. Under these conditions the rate of DNA synthesis was distinctly decreased via salvage pathway and de novo. Single breaks were not detected in the preexistent DNA within various periods after transplantation of P338 leukemic cells. Retardation of DNA synthesis during tumor growth correlated with a decrease in TK, RR and DNA-polymerase alpha activities, while DNA-polymerase beta activity was markedly increased. Growth of melanoma B16 was accompanied by a decrease in content of ATP, ADP, NAD, phosphocreatine and phosphosaccharides as well as by an increase in the level of inorganic phosphates.

[14Co-dimetinur distribution in mice in relation to the stage of the development of tumor process]. / Raspredelenie 14Co-dimetinura v organizme myshei v zavisimosti ot stadii razvitiia opukholevogo protsessa.

Pharmacokinetics of the antitumour agent 14CO-dimetinur (100 mg/kg) after oral administration to the intact mice and those with solid leukemia P 388 is characterized by its rapid delivery to organs and tumours with the achievement of maximum radioactivity 5 hours later and the further gradually decline during 4 days. The increased accumulation of the 14CO-products in kidneys and their retarded output from the brain and lungs against a background of the relatively equal distribution of radioactivity between other tested organs have been established. The same level of carbamoylated products in large tumours (the 16th day after leukemia transplantation) as well as in small tumours (the 9th day after inoculation) is in agreement with the conservation of the initial marked inhibitory effect of the drug against advanced tumours.

[The mechanisms of a decrease in the toxic action of cisplatin when administered jointly with preparation K-2-9 to mice with melanoma B16]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh snizheniia toksicheskogo deistviia tsisplatina pri sovmestnom vvedenii s preparatom K-2-9 mysham s melanomoi B-16.

The K-2-9 preparation was determined to change cis-platinum pharmacokinetics, that resulted in its pharmacodynamics alterations. The higher Pt concentrations in the blood of animals which were given the K-2-9 preparation provided selectivity of cytostatic accumulation in the tumour tissue, that was accompanied by more prolonged inhibition of the DNA synthesis. A decrease in the toxicity of cis-platinum is associated with a change in the elimination pathway and acceleration of its removal from the organism.

[Mechanisms of the antitumor action of spirobromine in mice with leukemia P-388]. / Izuchgenie mekhanizma protivoopukholevogo deistviia spirobromina u myshei s leikozom P-388.

The influence of new antitumor drug, spirobromine, a derivative of dispirotripiperazine, on DNA synthesis in tumor cells and organs at different times after its injection into mice with P388 leukemia has been studied. The duration of DNA synthesis inhibition in tumor cells was found to correlate with spirobromine antitumor activity. A certain selectivity of action of the studied compound on DNA synthesis in P 388 leukemia cells as compared to the action on DNA synthesis in bone marrow, small intestine, spleen and liver of tumor animals was observed.

[The effect of 3,4-disuccinyldianhydrogalactitol, N-nitrosourea and their combination on DNA synthesis in normal and mouse P388 tumor cells]. / Vliianie 3,4-disuktsinildiangidrogalaktitola, N-nitrozomochevin i ikh kombinatsii na sintez DNK v normal'nykh i opukholevykh kletkakh myshei s leikozom P388.

The rates of incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of leukemia P388, bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa and spleen cells at various time after administration of 3,4-disuccinyldianhydrogalactitol (DisuDAG), 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (HECNU) and their combinations at different doses to mice with leukemia P388 (solid form) were studied. DisuDAG (80 mg/kg) induced the deep and the stable inhibition in DNA synthesis of leukemia P388, bone marrow and spleen cells. The combination of DisuDAG and HECNU at small doses induced the deep and the stable suppression of DNA synthesis in tumor cells, however DNA synthesis in normal dividing cells was shown to recover more rapidly than in leukemia P388 cells. Administration of the combination of DisuDAG with MNU to tumor-bearing mice induced more stable inhibition of DNA synthesis in tumor cells in comparison with MNU and DisuDAG. In vivo inhibition of DNA synthesis in leukemia P388 cells with DisuDAG and HECNU was not due to damage in pool of precursors (TCA soluble fraction).

[Contrast and quantitative characteristics of biological tissues in experimental neoplastic processes based on biexponential relaxation analysis of NMR tomograms]. / Kontrastirovanie i kolichestvennaia kharakteristika biologicheskikh tkanei pri éksperimental'nykh opukholevykh protsessakh na osnove biéksponential'nogo relaksatsionnogo analiza IaMR-tomogramm.

A method of contrast enhancement and quantification of experimental tumors in vivo by estimation of tissue proton transverse magnetic relaxation nonexponentiality is proposed. Relaxation time and percentage of a rapidly descending magnetization component due to intracellular water protons are followed for tumor and uninvolved tissues in a course of subcutaneously transplanted solid mouse melanoma B16 development. The exponential approximation of a relaxation curve within the 6-90 ms time range is shown to fit melanoma B16 tissue characterization. Contrast-enhanced calculated MR-images are presented.

[Effect of 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-diacetylgalactitol on DNA synthesis in the cells of melanoma B16, bone marrow, small intestine epithelium, spleen and liver of mice]. / Vliianie 1,2:5,6-diangidrogalaktitola i 1,2:5,6-diangidro-3,4-diatsetilgalaktitola na sintez DNK v kletkakh melanomy B16, kostnogo mozga, épiteliia tonkogo kishechnika. selezenki i pecheni myshei.

Alterations in DNA synthesis induced by 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-diacetyldianhydrocalactitol (Diac-DAG) were studied in host normal cells and tumor cells. After administration of these antitumor drugs to melanoma B16-bearing mice, DNA synthesis in host tissues (bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa, spleen, liver) got recovered more rapidly than DNA synthesis in melanoma B16. Diac-DAG differed from DAG from the standpoint of damage to DNA synthesis in normal cells. Only DAG inhibited the DNA synthesis in liver cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow and spleen with Diac-DAG was less remarkable than with DAG.

Damages of DNA synthesis in normal and tumor cells with sugar alcohol derivatives.

The rates of incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of melanoma B16, bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa, spleen and liver at various time after administration of dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), 3,4-diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DiacDAG) and 3,4-disuccinyldianhydrogalactitol (DisuDAG) at maxima nonlethal single doses to tumor-bearing mice were studied. The sugar alcohol derivatives induced the stable inhibition in DNA synthesis of tumor cells. DNA synthesis in normal dividing cells was shown to recover more rapidly than in melanoma B16 cells after administration of all drugs. DisuDAG is characterized by stronger inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells at the half of the single maxima nonlethal dose compared with DAG and DiacDAG. Differing from DAG, DiacDAG and DisuDAG did not effect the incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of liver cells. In vivo inhibition of DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells with DiacDAG was not due to damage of the TCA soluble fraction.