Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVES: To know the clinical presentation and outcome of children with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV- 2 (PIMS-TS) at a pediatric tertiary care center in Chennai. METHODS: Clinical and biochemical parameters of 65 children with PIMS-TS treated between July and October 2020 were studied. All children had their COVID RT-PCR and IgG COVID antibodies tests done. RESULTS: Mean age of the study group was 5.65 ± 3.68 y. Fever with red eyes, rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, and shock were common presenting features. Sixty percent of the study group had Kawasaki/incomplete Kawasaki features. Sixty-seven percent of the study group had coronary dilatation, 41% presented with shock, and 25% had left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary aneurysms were documented in 58% of the study group (z score more than 2.5). Respiratory presentation with pneumonia was seen in 10%. Four children presented with acute abdomen. Acute kidney injury, acute liver failure, hemolysis, pancytopenia, macrophage activation syndrome, encephalopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were other features. Forty-three percent required noninvasive oxygen support and 15.4% required mechanical ventilation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (73.8%) and methylprednisolone (49.8%) were used for therapy. Mortality in the study was 6%, which was due to MODS. CONCLUSIONS: Acute febrile illness with mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations should have PIMS-TS as a possible differential diagnosis and needs evaluation with inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Adiponectin levels in south Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic children and its correlation with anthropometry and glycemic control.

Studies have reported high adiponectin levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Adiponectin has been found to have anti-atherogenic action and other protective functions. We wanted to estimate adiponectin level in south Indian T1DM children and compare it with that of non-diabetic children and study its correlation with anthropometry and glycemic status. Sixty children with T1DM and forty non-diabetic children of age less than 15 years were analysed. Mean adiponectin level was higher in T1DM group than in non diabetic group (p < 0.001) irrespective of the age group or sex. Negative correlation was observed between SFT- triceps and adiponectin in diabetic and control group. Multiple regression coefficient analysis of various parameters showed SFT- triceps as a statistically significant predictor of adiponectin level (p = 0.001). We conclude that, children with T1DM had higher adiponectin level than non-diabetic children. Low SFT- triceps measuremet may be a predictor of higher adiponectin level.