RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the multi-phasic use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) as an adjuvant treatment to accelerate the osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Initially, twelve titanium mini-screws were inserted in femur bones of six New Zealand rabbits in three groups; the one-time treated group, the three-time treated group, and the control group (without ESWT). Then, 1800 focused shockwaves with an energy flux density of 0.3 mJ/mm2 in every phase were used. Fourteen days after the last phase of ESWT, the animals were sacrificed to assess the osseointegration of screws via micro-computed tomography scan (micro-CT scan), biomechanical pull-out test, and histopathological analysis. Pull-out and histopathology analysis showed that the ESWT significantly increased bone regeneration and osseointegration around the implants compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the pull-out test confirmed that the three-time treated screws needed more force to pull the bone out compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). The mean bone volume fraction between the control group, the one-time treated group, and the three-time treatment group were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) according to the micro-CT scan results. Based on our results, ESWT can be suggested as a non-invasive and cost-effective adjuvant for osseointegration of dental implants. However, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed for validation of this finding.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Labor pain is one of the most severe pains experienced by a woman during her life. Interferential current (IFC) is a type of transcutaneous electrical stimulation that can reduce pain, especially deep ones. OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) aimed to study the effects of quadripolar IFC on pain and the duration of the active phase of labor in primiparous women. METHOD: In this RCT, 60 primiparous women were randomized into two groups of IFC and sham IFC. The IFC group received IFC in two periods. The sham group received sham IFC. Primary outcomes were labor pain in different times of active phase and duration of active phase, and secondary outcomes were delivery satisfaction; the number of infants transferred to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), fetal heart rate (FHR) disorders, Apgar score, partograph variables, and adverse side effects were recorded. RESULT: Between-group changes showed a significant decrease in labor pain during the active phase in the IFC group compared to the sham IFC group (mean difference (MD) = -0.95; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = -1.35 to -0.55; P < .001). The mean of active phase duration was significantly shorter in the IFC group than in the sham IFC group (MD = -38.25; 95% CI = -62.84 to -13.67; P = .003). CONCLUSION: This study showed the effectiveness of interferential electrical stimulation during labor to reduce pain and duration of the active phase, which can be valuable in improving the quality of care and encouraging natural childbirth.
