RESUMEN
As a wild ancestor of cultivated rice, Oryza rufipogon is domesticated into cultivated rice Oryza sativa, many agricultural traits are newly created or disappear. In particular, in wild rice, awn protects from predators and is easily blown by the wind and used as a means of propagation. However, awns gradually disappeared as they were breeding from wild rice to cultivated rice. Since awn development is disadvantageous to rice yield, it is important to understand the genetic basis related to awn development. In addition, characterization of the genes associated with awn development is helpful in analyzing the genetic relationships of rice from ancient times to the present for the regulatory mechanisms of awn formation. QTL analysis identified RM14330-RM218 on chromosome 3 using a 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid population. Through screening of genes related to awn development in RM-14330-RM218, it is indicated that OsDRPq3 is a causal gene that can be involved in awn development. OsDRPq3 transcription level is maintained high in long awn and less yield populations during the panicle formation stage, the period during awn development. Moreover, the sequence of OsDRPq3 has high homology with the drooping protein leaf. This study provides a new resource for phylogenetic research of rice and exploration of awn development.
RESUMEN
Internode length and stem diameter are the primary traits affecting the lodging resistance of rice. Traits related to the length of the panicle (LP), uppermost internode (LUI), second internode (LSI), third internode (LTI), fourth internode (LFI), lowest internode (LLI) as well as stem diameter at the uppermost internode (SDUI), second internode (SDSI), third internode (SDTI), fourth internode (SDFI), and lowest internode (SDLI) in 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid population were investigated using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Thirty-four QTL regions affected LP and the length of each internode. Twenty-six QTL regions were associated with the stem diameter of each internode. RM12285-RM212 on chromosome 1 contained 10 QTLs related to the internode length, which have overlapped for over 2 years. Twenty-three candidate genes were screened using mark interval. Among the candidate genes, Os01g0803900, named OsCYPq1, which is in the Cytochrome P450 family, might be involved in gibberellins (GA) synthesis. GA is an essential plant growth regulator that affects plant height. OsCYPq1 catalyzes oxidation steps in the middle part of the GA pathway. OsCYPq1 is expected to provide valuable information to improve the marker assessment for target traits and QTL gene cloning in rice.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The British Thoracic Society guidelines recommend observation for patients with asymptomatic malignant pleural effusion (MPE). However, asymptomatic MPE can become symptomatic. This study examined the clinical course of asymptomatic MPE in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the incidence and timing of symptom development of asymptomatic MPE and the associated factors.Retrospective data of 4822 NSCLC patients between January 2012 and December 2017 were reviewed. Symptom development of asymptomatic MPE was defined as the development of symptoms requiring additional treatment, such as insertion of a chest tube, within 1âyear in patients who lacked MPE symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Clinical information, pathological parameters, and radiological characteristics were reviewed. Patient data up to 1âyear from the initial diagnosis were reviewed.Of 113 patients with asymptomatic MPE, 46 (41%) became symptomatic within 1âyear despite appropriate anticancer treatment. The median time to symptom development was 4âmonths, and 38 patients (83%) developed symptoms within 6âmonths. Multivariate logistic regression showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.256; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.101-0.649; Pâ=â.004) and the depth of pleural effusion on initial computed tomography (CT) (OR, 0.957; 95% CI, 0.932-0.982; Pâ=â.001) were independently associated with symptom development of asymptomatic MPE.A fraction of 41% of patients with asymptomatic MPE became symptomatic within 1âyear. Female sex and larger MPE on initial CT were independently associated with symptom development of asymptomatic MPE.
