Undescribed Lignanamide and Flavone C-Glucoside Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Piper Samentosum with NO Production Inhibitory Activity in LPS Activated RAW 264.7†Cells.

In this study, two undescribed compounds (1 and 2), together with eight known compounds (3-10) were isolated from the aerial parts of Piper samentosum by various chromatography methods. Their chemical structures were determined to be 7'''-oxolyciumamide N (1), vitexin 2''-O-ß-D-(6'''-feruloyl)-glucopyranoside (2), 1,2-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N1,N2-bis-[2-(-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,3-napthalene dicarboamide (3), vitexin 6''-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), vitexin 2''-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate-2-O-ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), ficuside G (7), methyl 2-O-ß-D-glucopyranosylbenzoate (8), methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate-5-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (9), and 3,7-dimethyloct-1-ene-3,6,7-triol 6-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (10) by spectroscopic data analysis including HR-ESI-MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectra. Compounds 1-5 inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC50 values of 27.62, 74.03, 38.54, 70.39, and 44.95 µM, respectively. The NMR data of 9 were firstly reported herein.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention for People With Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Nurses' primary role in clinical settings for persons living with dementia is to lessen the strain of dementia on daily life, monitor comorbidities, and manage medications. However, no comprehensive literature review has investigated the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for persons living with dementia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of nurse-led dementia interventions and provide an extended range of outcomes related to cognitive function, depression, and quality of life. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of six databases was conducted from database inception to August 10, 2022. Methodologies were evaluated, followed by a pooled analysis using random effects models to explain the effects of nurse-led dementia interventions on patients. RESULTS: Nurse-led interventions were more effective than standard care in alleviating depression and improving quality of life. However, they did not enhance cognitive performance. DISCUSSION: Nurse-led interventions for dementia alleviate depression and improve quality of life. However, because of lack of randomized controlled trials, the analysis found less effectiveness in improving cognitive function. Therefore, further trials are needed to corroborate these findings.

Information Needs of Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Treatment in Vietnam and Related Determinants.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer who are not well informed often experience dissatisfaction with care, difficulty coping with their disease, and feelings of helplessness. PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the information needs of women with breast cancer undergoing treatment in Vietnam and the determinants of these needs. METHODS: One hundred thirty women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer in the National Cancer Hospital in Vietnam enrolled as volunteers in this cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. Self-perceived information needs, body functions, and disease symptoms were surveyed using the Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire and the 23-item Breast Cancer Module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire, which consists of two (functional and symptom) subscales. Descriptive statistical analyses included t test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The results revealed participants had high information needs and a negative future perspective. The highest information needs related to potential for recurrence, interpretation of blood test results, treatment side effects, and diet. Future perspective, income level, and educational level were identified as determinants of information needs, explaining 28.2% of the variance in the need for breast cancer information. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study was the first to use a validated questionnaire to assess information needs in women with breast cancer in Vietnam. Healthcare professionals may refer to the findings of this study when designing and delivering health education programs designed to meet the self-perceived information needs of women with breast cancer in Vietnam.

Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce pain in people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions designed to reduce pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: Pain is prevalent among patients with dementia but frequently remains untreated. Although non-pharmacological interventions have been used to reduce pain in people with dementia, the efficacy of these interventions for pain management in people with dementia has not been thoroughly synthesised. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane criteria for systematic reviews. A comprehensive search was performed using the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID and Web of Science databases, from databases inception to 13 March 2022. The modified Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included study. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesised using a random-effects model to assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing pain in people with dementia (using Stata 16.0). RESULTS: The final analysis assessed 12 studies, including 989 persons with dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions were found to reduce pain in 4-8 weeks after the interventions (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.02). However, the effects of intervention frequency and patient age remain unknown. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological interventions are effective for reducing pain in people with dementia. Further investigations remain necessary to explore the effectiveness of specific non-pharmacological therapies for pain reduction in people with dementia (e.g. aromatherapy, play activity, singing or robotic care). RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings of this study can guide healthcare practitioners when considering the use of non-pharmacological pain management methods for people with dementia and may improve the implementation of these methods in clinical practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: The study suggests non-pharmacological interventions to reduce pain and underlines the relevance of health provider's viewpoints. The types, duration and length of follow-up of non-pharmacological interventions can be offered based on patient's conditions and the standard of clinical practice.

Linear quadratic regulator problem governed by granular neutrosophic fractional differential equations.

Quadratic cost functions estimation in the linear optimal control systems governed by differential equations (DEs) or partial differential equations (PDEs) has a well-established discipline in mathematics with many interfaces to science and engineering. During its development, the impact of uncertain phenomena to objective function and the complexity of the systems to be controlled have also increased significantly. Many engineering problems like magnetohydromechanical, electromagnetical and signal analysis for the transmission and propagation of electrical signals under uncertain environment can be dealt with. In this paper, we study the optimal control problem with operating a fractional DEs and PDEs at minimum quadratic objective function in the framework of neutrosophic environment and granular computing. However, there has been no studies appeared on the neutrosophic calculus of fractional order. Hence, we will introduce some derivatives of fractional order, including the neutrosophic Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and neutrosophic Caputo fractional derivatives. Next, we propose a new setting of two important problems in engineering. In the first problem, we investigate the numerical and exact solutions of some neutrosophic fractional DEs and neutrosophic telegraph PDEs. In the second problem, we study the optimality conditions together with the simulation of states of a linear quadratic optimal control problem governed by neutrosophic fractional DEs and PDEs. Some key applications to DC motor model and one-link robot manipulator model are investigated to prove the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.

Using the Stage-Based Approaches to Predict Breast Self-Examination Among Rural Vietnamese Women.

A stages-of-change approach would be helpful to understand cancer screening behaviors. This study aimed to identify the compliance and determinants of breast self-examination (BSE) based on transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 296 rural Vietnamese women using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of Champion's HBM scales, breast cancer knowledge (BCK), integrated connection to neighborhood storytelling networks (ICSN), and TTM stages of BSE. A generalized ordered logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with TTM stages of BSE. About 61% of women did not currently perform BSE. Perceived benefit was significant in all stages changes. When changing to the action stage, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and BCK were significant. When changing to the maintenance stage, perceived susceptibility, benefits, self-efficacy, and ICSN were significant. Determinants influencing BSE behavior were different in each TTM stage, indicating that educational programs should be introduced with stage-matched strategies to increase BSE.