RESUMEN
Drainage of pancreatic abscesses is required for effective control of sepsis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided endoscopic drainage is less invasive than surgery and prevents local complications related to percutaneous drainage. Endoscopic drainage with stent placement in the uncinate process of the pancreas is a technically difficult procedure. We report a case of pancreatic abscess treated by repeated EUS-guided aspiration and intravenous antibiotics without an indwelling drainage catheter or surgical intervention.
RESUMEN
Cisplatin is used in the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors, but its use is limited by its serious adverse effects, including ototoxicity. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase that regulates a variety of cellular functions by phosphorylating its substrates. However, the otoprotective effect of GSK-3 inhibitors is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether GSK-3 is involved in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells and organs of Corti (OCs). GSK-3 inhibitors suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis determined by decreased p53 activity, and also decreased expression of PARP and p53 target genes such as p21 and PUMA. The effect of GSK-3 inhibitors was mediated by markedly increased nuclear ß-catenin that in turn blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB. siRNA-mediated ß-catenin knockdown markedly increased the expression of NF-κB target genes, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Our data suggest that the GSK-3/ß-catenin pathway may play a central role in cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells and hair cells of OCs in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Citocinas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Ratones , FN-kappa B/genética , Órgano Espiral/efectos de los fármacos , Órgano Espiral/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMEN
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, is an anti-hyperlipidemic agent that has been widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. In this study, we examined the effect of fenofibrate on liver damage caused by refeeding a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice after 24h fasting. Here, we showed that refeeding HFD after fasting causes liver damage in mice determined by liver morphology and liver cell death. A detailed analysis revealed that hepatic lipid droplet formation is enhanced and triglyceride levels in liver are increased by refeeding HFD after starvation for 24h. Also, NF-κB is activated and consequently induces the expression of TNF-α, IL1-ß, COX-2, and NOS2. However, treating with fenofibrate attenuates the liver damage and triglyceride accumulation caused by the fasting-refeeding HFD process. Fenofibrate reduces the expression of NF-κB target genes but induces genes for peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome biogenesis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. These results strongly suggest that the treatment of fenofibrate ameliorates the liver damage induced by fasting-refeeding HFD, possibly through the activation of fatty acid oxidation.