QoL during KTd or KRd induction followed by K maintenance or observation in transplant noneligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the randomized AGMT 02 study.

Understanding the impact of induction and maintenance therapy on patients' quality of life (QoL) is important for treatment selection. This study aims to compare patient-reported QoL between patients treated with KTd or KRd induction therapy and K maintenance therapy or observation. QoL was assessed using the EORTC QOL-C 30 and QOL-MY20 questionnaires in the AGMT-02 study, in which 123 patients with newly diagnosed transplant ineligible multiple myeloma were randomized to nine cycles of either KTd or KRd induction therapy, followed by 12 cycles of K maintenance therapy, or observation. Longitudinal assessments showed statistically significant improvements in global health-related QoL, various disease symptoms and pain for both treatment regimens. KTd improved insomnia and fatigue, and KRd improved physical functioning. Cross-sectional comparisons indicated a "slight" superiority of KTd over KRd in several scales, with the exception of higher neuropathy scores with KTd. During maintenance, longitudinal comparisons showed no statistically significant changes. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed a "slight" improvement in cognitive functioning during carfilzomib therapy, but a worsening in most other QoL scales. Induction therapy led to improvements in most QoL items, while maintenance therapy with K maintenance was associated with "slight" or "moderate" impairments in several QoL scales compared with the observation group.

Randomized comparison between KTd and KRd induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy with K or observation in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Randomized comparison between KTd and KRd induction followed by second randomization to carfilzomib in transplant-ineligable patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Attrition Rates in Multiple Myeloma Treatment under Real World Conditions-An Analysis from the Austrian Myeloma Registry (AMR).

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by serial relapses, necessitating the application of sequential lines of therapy (LoT). Reports on attrition rates (ARs) vary widely. The present study analysed ARs from the Austrian Myeloma Registry. Attrition was defined as being either deceased, progressive without having received another LoT, or lack of follow-up for ≥5 years. A total of 571 patients diagnosed between January 2009 and August 2021 were included (median age: 72 years; median follow-up: 50.8 months). Some 507 patients received at least one LoT. Of the total, 43.6% underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT, transplant eligible = TE)) with primarily VRd (Bortezomib/Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone) given as induction (26.5%), followed by lenalidomide maintenance in 55.7% of cases. Transplant-ineligible (NTE) patients were predominantly treated with Vd (Bortezomib/Dexamethasone, 21.6%), receiving maintenance in 27.1%. A total of 37.5% received a second LoT. ARs across one to five LoTs were 16.7-27%. Frontline induction/ SCT followed by maintenance reduced ARs associated with age and achievement of deep remission in the frontline. Deep remission prolongs follow-up and time-to-next-treatment (TTNT), while high-risk-cyctogenetics negatively affected these outcomes. Our results demonstrate considerably lower ARs for MM patients within the AMR data versus other healthcare systems. Young age and the achievement of significant remissions after optimal frontline therapy resulted in particularly low ARs. These promising results support a key role for the ease of drug access and reimbursement policies in governing long-term MM patient outcomes.

Impact of platelets on major thrombosis in patients with a normal white blood cell count in essential thrombocythemia.

OBJECTIVES: Cell counts have a significant impact on the complex mechanism of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We recently demonstrated a considerable impact of white blood cell (WBC) counts on thrombotic risk in patients with optimized platelet counts by analysing a large anagrelide registry. In contrast, the current analysis of the registry aimed to estimate the influence of platelet counts on thrombotic risk in patients with optimized WBC counts. METHODS: Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier plot were applied on all patients in the registry with optimized WBC counts. RESULTS: By using the calculated cut-off of 593 G/L for platelets, Cox regression analysis revealed a clear influence of elevated platelet counts on the occurrence of a major thrombotic event (P < .001). A Kaplan-Meier plot revealed a markedly shorter time to a major thrombotic event for patients with platelet counts above the cut-off (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The data show clear impact of platelet lowering on the thrombotic risk in ET patients with normal WBC counts. Therefore, selective platelet lowering with anagrelide appears sufficient for thrombotic risk reduction in WHO-diagnosed ET patients lacking leukocytosis.

Impact of white blood cells on thrombotic risk in patients with optimized platelet count in essential thrombocythemia.

OBJECTIVES: Risk of thrombosis is significantly enhanced by both elevated platelet (PLT) and white blood cell (WBC) counts according to a retrospective analysis of a large anagrelide registry in thrombocythemic MPN patients. We were interested in the impact of elevated WBC counts on thrombosis risk in patients where PLT counts were reduced below the calculated cutoff of 574.5 G/L by treatment with anagrelide. METHODS: Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier plot were applied on all patients in the registry with optimized PLT counts. RESULTS: Using the calculated cutoff of 9.66 G/L for WBC, Cox regression analysis revealed a clear influence of elevated WBC counts on the occurrence of a major thrombotic event (P = .012). A Kaplan-Meier plot revealed a markedly shorter time to a major thrombotic event for patients with WBC counts above the cutoff (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that additional correction of elevated WBC counts is mandatory in patients with optimally managed PLT counts to reduce thrombotic risk. This study is the first investigation in a prospectively observed large patient cohort which was treated homogenously allowing for evaluation of single parameters for an effect on thrombophilia.

Influence of platelet and white blood cell counts on major thrombosis - analysis from a patient registry in essential thrombocythemia.

OBJECTIVES: Although guidelines recommend normalization of platelet counts as an appropriate endpoint for treatment in high-risk essential thrombocythemia (ET), retrospective studies could not prove a correlation of diagnostic platelet counts with an increased thrombotic rate. There is, however, an increasing evidence that leukocytosis is an important risk factor for arterial thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. METHODS: This study considers the Austrian cohort of a European registry regarding the platelet-lowering therapeutic anagrelide. Influence of platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts on thrombotic risk was assessed. RESULTS: Using the calculated cutoffs of 574.5 G/L for platelets and 8.48 G/L for WBC counts, respectively, the Cox regression analysis revealed a clear influence of elevated platelets (P = 0.008) and WBC counts (P = 0.011) on the occurrence of major thrombotic events. The time to a major thrombotic event was shortest (P < 0.001) and the frequency related to 100 patient-years was highest (P = <0.001) when both platelet and WBC counts ranged above the calculated cutoffs. CONCLUSION: Our data add evidence to the impact of platelet and WBC counts on thrombosis in ET. We suspect a particular interaction between platelets and WBC which might be based on a biological interplay depending on particular cell counts.

[Primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults: diagnostics and treatment consensus statement of the Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology (ÖGHO)]. / Primäre Immunthrombozytopenie des Erwachsenen - Diagnostik und Therapie, Konsensus-Statement der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie (ÖGHO).

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare and - in most patients - mild disease, but might be associated with severe or even life-threatening bleeding complications. The treatment of ITP has partly changed in recent years, due to new therapeutic options. International guidelines changed accordingly. This consensus statement by the Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology (OEGHO) is not a new evaluation of the current evidence, but rather tries to discuss the available international guidelines and adapt them to the situation in Austria. The subject is primary ITP in adults only. Classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnostics of ITP, and especially the management of this disease, are discussed in detail. This includes current aspects of first, second, and third line therapies, splenectomy with its indications and contraindications, and the use of new therapeutic options like thrombopoetin receptor agonists (TRA).