RESUMEN
This Letter details our efforts to develop novel tricyclic M4 PAM scaffolds with improved pharmacological properties. This endeavor involved a "tie-back" strategy to replace the 3-amino-4,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide core which lead to the discovery of two novel tricyclic cores: a 7,9-dimethylpyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine core and 2,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-b:5,4-c']dipyridine core. Both tricyclic cores displayed low nanomolar potency against the human M4 receptor.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Receptor Muscarínico M4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/química , Receptor Muscarínico M4/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
This Letter describes the synthesis and optimization of a series of heteroaryl-pyrrolidinone positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (mAChR M1). Through the continued optimization of M1 PAM tool compound VU0453595, with a focus on replacement of the 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one with a wide variety of alternative 4,5-dihydropyrrolo-fused heteroaromatics, the generation of M1 PAMs with structurally novel chemotypes is disclosed. Two compounds from these subseries, 8b (VU6005610) and 20a (VU6005852), show robust selectivity for the M1 mAChR, and no M1 agonism. Both compounds have favorable preliminary PK profiles in vitro;8b additionally demonstrates high brain exposure in a rodent IV cassette model.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Pirrolidinonas/farmacología , Receptor Muscarínico M1/agonistas , Regulación Alostérica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Pirrolidinonas/síntesis química , Pirrolidinonas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A High-Throughput Screening (HTS) campaign identified a fundamentally new mGlu7 NAM chemotype, based on an ethyl-8-methoxy-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolone carboxylate core. The initial hit, VU0226390, was a potent mGlu7 NAM (IC50 = 647 nM, 6% L-AP4 min) with selectivity versus the other group III mGlu receptors (>30 µM vs. mGlu4 and mGlu8). A multi-dimensional optimization effort surveyed all regions of this new chemotype, and found very steep SAR, reminiscent of allosteric modulators, and unexpected piperazine mimetics (whereas classical bioisosteres failed). While mGlu7 NAM potency could be improved (IC50s ~ 350 nM), the necessity of the ethyl ester moiety and poor physiochemical and DMPK properties precluded optimization towards in vivo tool compounds or clinical candidates. Still, this hit-to-lead campaign afforded key medicinal chemistry insights and new opportunities.
Asunto(s)
Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Regulación Alostérica/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Herein, we report the structure-activity relationships within a series of mGlu7 NAMs based on an N-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzamide core with excellent CNS penetration (Kp 1.9-5.8 and Kp,uu 0.4-1.4). Analogues in this series displayed steep SAR. Of these, VU6010608 (11a) emerged with robust efficacy in blocking high frequency stimulated long-term potentiation in electrophysiology studies.
RESUMEN
This Letter details the discovery and subsequent optimization of a novel M4 PAM scaffold based on an 6-fluoro-4-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbonitrile core, which represents a distinct departure from the classical M4 PAM chemotypes. Optimized compounds in this series demonstrated improved M4 PAM potency on both human and rat M4 (4 to 5-fold relative to HTS hit), and displayed attractive physicochemical and DMPK profiles, including good CNS penetration (rat brain:plasma Kp=5.3, Kp,uu=2.4; MDCK-MDR1 (P-gp) ER=1.1).
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Piperidinas/farmacología , Quinolinas/farmacología , Receptor Muscarínico M4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/química , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Modulation of gastrointestinal nutrient sensing pathways provides a promising a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. The calcium-sensing receptor has been identified as a key receptor involved in mineral and amino acid nutrient sensing and thus is an attractive target for modulation in the intestine. Herein we describe the optimization of gastrointestinally restricted calcium-sensing receptor agonists starting from a 3-aminopyrrolidine-containing template leading to the identification of GI-restricted agonist 19 (GSK3004774).
Asunto(s)
Receptores Sensibles al Calcio/agonistas , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Receptores Sensibles al Calcio/genética , Receptores Sensibles al Calcio/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
To further explore the optimum placement of the acid moiety in conformationally constrained analogs of GW 4064 1a, a series of stilbene replacements were prepared. The benzothiophene 1f and the indole 1g display the optimal orientation of the carboxylate for enhanced FXR agonist potency.
Asunto(s)
Isoxazoles/química , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/agonistas , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Línea Celular , Humanos , Conformación Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismoRESUMEN
To improve on the drug properties of GSK8062 1b, a series of heteroaryl bicyclic naphthalene replacements were prepared. The quinoline 1c was an equipotent FXR agonist with improved drug developability parameters relative to 1b. In addition, analog 1c lowered body weight gain and serum glucose in a DIO mouse model of diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Isoxazoles/química , Naftalenos/química , Quinolinas/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/agonistas , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Glucemia/metabolismo , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Perros , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Humanos , Isoxazoles/síntesis química , Isoxazoles/farmacocinética , Ligandos , Ratones , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Tertiary sulfonamides were identified in a HTS as dual liver X receptor (LXR, NR1H2, and NR1H3) ligands, and the binding affinity of the series was increased through iterative analogue synthesis. A ligand-bound cocrystal structure was determined which elucidated key interactions for high binding affinity. Further characterization of the tertiary sulfonamide series led to the identification of high affinity LXR antagonists. GSK2033 (17) is the first potent cell-active LXR antagonist described to date. 17 may be a useful chemical probe to explore the cell biology of this orphan nuclear receptor.
Asunto(s)
Receptores Nucleares Huérfanos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonamidas/síntesis química , Animales , Línea Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Receptores X del Hígado , Modelos Moleculares , Receptores Nucleares Huérfanos/genética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Two series of conformationally constrained analogs of the FXR agonist GW 4064 1 were prepared. Replacement of the metabolically labile stilbene with either benzothiophene or naphthalene rings led to the identification of potent full agonists 2a and 2g.
Asunto(s)
Isoxazoles/química , Naftalenos/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/agonistas , Tiofenos/química , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Simulación por Computador , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Naftalenos/farmacocinética , Ratas , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Starting from the known FXR agonist GW 4064 1a, a series of stilbene replacements were prepared. The 6-substituted 1-naphthoic acid 1b was an equipotent FXR agonist with improved developability parameters relative to 1a. Analog 1b also reduced the severity of cholestasis in the ANIT acute cholestatic rat model.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntesis química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacología , Colestasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/agonistas , Isoxazoles/síntesis química , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Naftalenos/síntesis química , Naftalenos/farmacología , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/agonistas , Factores de Transcripción/agonistas , Administración Oral , Animales , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Colestasis/metabolismo , Colestasis/patología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Haplorrinos , Isoxazoles/química , Ratones , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Naftalenos/química , Ratas , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/química , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factores de Transcripción/químicaRESUMEN
A series of 1,3,5-triazine-based estrogen receptor (ER) modulators that are modestly selective for the ERbeta subtype are reported. Compound 1, which displayed modest potency and selectivity for ERbeta vs ERalpha, was identified via high-throughput screening utilizing an ERbeta SPA-based binding assay. Subsequent analogue preparation resulted in the identification of compounds such as 21 and 43 that display 25- to 30-fold selectivity for ERbeta with potencies in the 10-30 nM range. These compounds profile as full antagonists at ERbeta and weak partial agonists at ERalpha in a cell-based reporter gene assay. In addition, the X-ray crystal structure of compound 15 complexed with the ligand binding domain of ERbeta has been solved and was utilized in the design of more conformationally restrained analogues such as 31 in an attempt to increase selectivity for the ERbeta subtype.