RESUMEN
Nine soluble ligands [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), and interleukin-31] share the ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein-glycoprotein-130 beta-subunit (gp130) and thus form IL-6 family cytokines. Proteins that may be important for cancerogenesis, CT-1, IL-11, IL-27, LIF, OSM, and CNTF, belong to the superfamily of IL-6. Cytokines such as IL-6, IL-11, and IL-27 are better investigated in comparison with other members of the same family of cytokines, eg, CT-1. Gp130 is one of the main receptors through which these cytokines exert their effects. The clinical implication of understanding the pathways of these cytokines in oncology is that targeted therapy to inhibit or potentiate cytokine activity may lead to remission in some cases.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-27 , Neoplasias , Humanos , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-11 , Receptor gp130 de Citocinas , Factor Neurotrófico Ciliar , Receptores de Citocinas , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
We tested the association between the palliative patient's attachment style and the patient-doctor relationship, by means of Revised Adult Attachment Scale and a self-designed, patient-doctor relationship questionnaire. The study included 110 (52 M, 58 F) cancer, hospice patients, aged 36-80 years. We observed 54 percent of secure, 18 percent of dismissive, 9 percent of preoccupied, and 19 percent of fearful styles. Securely attached patients developed significantly ( p < .05) better relationships with doctors than insecure patients. There was no difference in the quality of the patient-doctor relationship among dismissive versus preoccupied versus fearful patients. We argue that attachment theory should be applied in palliative care to improve patients' quality of life and dying.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Paliativos al Final de la Vida/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos al Final de la Vida/psicología , Neoplasias/psicología , Apego a Objetos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/terapia , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Bone metastases are the most frequent cause of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). Although palliative radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy conducted according to World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder are the treatment of choice for CIBP reduction, these methods are not always successful, especially with regard to alleviation of incidental pain. Antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates) are able to inhibit bone destruction (loss), proliferation of cancer cells and angiogenesis, but their prolonged use may lead to a spectrum of adverse effects. In this paper, types of bone metastases, their complications, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic implications are presented. Moreover, the paper discusses presently used CIBP treatment methods and research directions for future methods, with special focus on bone metastases.
