Obsessive-compulsive symptoms relating to psychosocial functioning for people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder.

To assess the psychosocial functioning concerning obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder diagnosed in a large case register database in Southeast London. Data were retrieved from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) register using Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) system, a platform allowing research on full but de-identified electronic health records for secondary and tertiary mental healthcare services. Information of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder diagnosis and OCS/OCD status was ascertained from structural or free-text fields through natural language processing (NLP) algorithms based on artificial intelligence techniques during the observation window of January 2007 to December 2016. Associations between comorbid OCS/OCD and recorded Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) for problems with activities of daily living (ADLs), living conditions, occupational and recreational activities, and relationships were estimated by logistic regression with socio-demographic confounders controlled. Of 15,412 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, 2,358 (15.3%) experienced OCS without OCD, and 2,586 (16.8%) had OCD recorded. The presence of OCS/OCD was associated with more problems with relationships (adj.OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.25-1.44), ADLs (adj.OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.22-1.41), and living conditions (adj.OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.22-1.41). Sensitivity analysis revealed similar outcomes. Comorbid OCS/OCD was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. This finding highlights the importance of identification and treatment of comorbid OCS among this vulnerable patient group.

Physical health challenges faced by elders with severe mental illness: population-based retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Severe mental illness (SMI), which includes schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, has profound health impacts, even in the elderly. AIMS: To evaluate relative risk of hospital admission and length of hospital stay for physical illness in elders with SMI. METHOD: To construct a population-based retrospective cohort observed from April 2007 to March 2016, data from a case registry with full but de-identified electronic health records were retrieved for patients of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, the single secondary mental healthcare service provider in south-east London. We compared participants with SMI aged >60 years old with the general population of the same age and residing in the same areas through data linkage by age-, sex- and fiscal-year-standardised admission ratios (SARs) for primary diagnoses at hospital discharge. Furthermore, we compared the duration of hospital stay with an age-, sex- and cause-of-admission-matched random group by linear regression for major causes of admission. RESULTS: In total, records for 4175 older people with SMI were obtained, relating to 10 342 admission episodes, showing an overall SAR for all physical illnesses of 5.15 (95% CI: 5.05, 5.25). Among the top causes of admission, SARs ranged from 3.87 for circulatory system disorders (ICD-10 codes: I00-I99) to 6.99 for genitourinary system or urinary conditions (N00-N39). Specifically, the diagnostic group of 'symptoms, signs and findings, not elsewhere classified' (R00-R99) had an elevated SAR of 6.56 (95% CI: 6.22, 6.90). Elders with SMI also had significantly longer hospital stays than their counterparts in the general population, especially for digestive system illnesses (K00-K93), after adjusting for confounding. CONCLUSIONS: Poorer overall physical health and specific patterns were identified in elders with SMI.

Paid Employment and Mental Health in 65-74-Year-Olds: Analysis of National Data From 2000, 2007 and 2014.

INTRODUCTION: Employment rates for people aged 65 and over have been changing rapidly in many countries, but little is known about associations of employment status with mental health status and their stability over time. We therefore investigated mental health associations with employment status in 65-74-year-olds in three national samples. METHODS: The data for these analyses were drawn from three national surveys of psychiatric morbidity among adults in England living in private households carried out in 2000, 2007, and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Common mental disorder (CMD) and constituent symptoms were ascertained identically in the three surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Covariates included identical demographic, social and physical health measures. RESULTS: A significant association between non-employment and CMD was present in 2007 (odds ratio 2.66 [95% CI: 1.02-7.83]) but there was no significant association between non-employment and CMD in 2000 or 2014. The largest attenuation in the association between non-employment and CMD was seen when adjusted for physical health related factors. In combined samples, non-employment was most strongly associated with self-reported cognitive difficulties (OR 1.25, 1.01-1.61), depressive ideas (1.30, 1.01-1.67), worry (1.30, 1.01-1.68), and anxiety (1.27, 1.00-1.64) as constituent CMD symptoms. CONCLUSION: Evidence is still unclear whether employment after statutory retirement ages is associated with better mental health, and associations may be symptom-specific. In the light of policies to encourage older workers to remain active in the labour market, more research is needed into the interrelationships between paid work and mental health, as well as other outcomes.

Applying neural network algorithms to ascertain reported experiences of violence in routine mental healthcare records and distributions of reports by diagnosis.

Introduction: Experiences of violence are important risk factors for worse outcome in people with mental health conditions; however, they are not routinely collected be mental health services, so their ascertainment depends on extraction from text fields with natural language processing (NLP) algorithms. Methods: Applying previously developed neural network algorithms to routine mental healthcare records, we sought to describe the distribution of recorded violence victimisation by demographic and diagnostic characteristics. We ascertained recorded violence victimisation from the records of 60,021 patients receiving care from a large south London NHS mental healthcare provider during 2019. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to investigate variation by age, sex, ethnic group, and diagnostic category (ICD-10 F chapter sub-headings plus post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a specific condition). Results: Patients with a mood disorder (adjusted odds ratio 1.63, 1.55-1.72), personality disorder (4.03, 3.65-4.45), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (1.84, 1.74-1.95) or PTSD (2.36, 2.08-2.69) had a significantly increased likelihood of victimisation compared to those with other mental health diagnoses. Additionally, patients from minority ethnic groups (1.10 (1.02-1.20) for Black, 1.40 (1.31-1.49) for Asian compared to White groups) had significantly higher likelihood of recorded violence victimisation. Males were significantly less likely to have reported recorded violence victimisation (0.44, 0.42-0.45) than females. Discussion: We thus demonstrate the successful deployment of machine learning based NLP algorithms to ascertain important entities for outcome prediction in mental healthcare. The observed distributions highlight which sex, ethnicity and diagnostic groups had more records of violence victimisation. Further development of these algorithms could usefully capture broader experiences, such as differentiating more efficiently between witnessed, perpetrated and experienced violence and broader violence experiences like emotional abuse.

Characteristics associated with progression to probable dementia with Lewy bodies in a cohort with very late-onset psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Very late-onset psychosis (VLOP) is associated with higher rates of dementia but the proportion who develop dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is unknown. We aimed to identify individuals with VLOP who develop dementia and DLB and characterize the risk factors for progression. METHODS: Anonymized data were retrieved from electronic records for individuals with VLOP. Patients developing dementia after psychosis were identified, in addition to those with >2 core features of DLB at the time of dementia or DLB identified by a natural language processing application (NLP-DLB). Demographic factors, Health of the National Outcome Scale (HoNOS) and symptoms at index psychosis were explored as predictors of progression to dementia. RESULTS: In 1425 patients with VLOP over 4.29 years (mean) follow up, 197 (13.8%) received a subsequent diagnosis of dementia. Of these, 24.4% (n = 48) had >2 core features of DLB and 6% (n = 12) had NLP-DLB. In cox proportional hazard models, older age and cognitive impairment at the time of psychosis were associated with increased risk of incident dementia. Visual hallucinations and 2+ core features of DLB at index psychosis were associated with increased risk of dementia with 2+ symptoms of DLB but not all-cause dementia. Two or more core features of DLB at index psychosis were associated with 81% specificity and 67% sensitivity for incident NLP-DLB. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with VLOP who develop dementia, core features of DLB are common. Visual hallucinations or two core features of DLB in VLOP should prompt clinicians to consider DLB and support further investigation.

Can biosampling really be "non-invasive"? An examination of the socially invasive nature of physically non-invasive biosampling in urban and rural Malawi.

Glucocorticoids are understood to represent useful biomarkers of stress and can be measured in saliva, hair, and breastmilk. The collection of such biosamples is increasingly included in biobank and cohort studies. While collection is considered "non-invasive" by biomedical researchers (compared to sampling blood), community perspectives may differ. This cross-sectional, qualitative study utilising eight focus groups aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of collecting ostensibly "non-invasive" biological samples in Malawi. Breastfeeding women, couples, field workers, and healthcare providers were purposively sampled. Data about prior understandings of, barriers to, and feasibility of "non-invasive" biosampling were analysed. Participants described biomaterials intended for "non-invasive" collection as sometimes highly sensitive, with sampling procedures raising community concerns. Sampling methods framed as physically "non-invasive" within biomedicine can consequently be considered socially "invasive" by prospective sample donors. Biomedical and community framings of "invasiveness' can therefore diverge, and the former must respond to and be informed by the perspectives of the latter. Further, considerations of collection procedures are shaped by therapeutic misconceptions about the immediate health-related utility of biomedical and public health research. When researchers engage with communities about biosampling, they must ensure they are not furthering therapeutic misconceptions and actively seek to dispel these.

Associations of asthma and psychiatric comorbidities on suicide mortality among community adolescents: A 20-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The role of psychiatric comorbidity as a confounder between asthma and subsequent suicide mortality in adolescents remained unclarified. METHODS: This study used a 20-year community-based cohort in Taiwan. Adolescents aged 11 to 16 from 123 schools were classified into three subgroups: current asthma (symptoms present in the past year), previous asthma (history of asthma but no symptoms in the past year), and no asthma. The mortality and medical care utilizations until the end of follow-up in 2015 were obtained. Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models were performed. Different adjustment models that included covariates of demographic status, allergy, cigarette smoking, psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol or substance misuse, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders were compared. RESULTS: During the follow-up, 285 out of 153,526 participants died from suicide. The crude hazard ratio for suicide was 1.95 (95 % CI=1.46∼2.60) in the current asthma subgroup and 2.01 (1.36∼2.97) in the previous asthma subgroup. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) attenuated to 1.67 (1.25∼2.24) and 1.72 (1.16∼2.54) respectively after further adjustment for all mental disorders, ADHD, substance, and alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our adjustment analyses stratified by different models highlight evidence of asthma as an independent risk factor that predicts suicide among adolescents. Depression and mental disorders were potential confounders and identifications of asthma and psychiatric disorders might help decrease suicide risk.

Inferring building height from footprint morphology data.

As cities continue to grow globally, characterizing the built environment is essential to understanding human populations, projecting energy usage, monitoring urban heat island impacts, preventing environmental degradation, and planning for urban development. Buildings are a key component of the built environment and there is currently a lack of data on building height at the global level. Current methodologies for developing building height models that utilize remote sensing are limited in scale due to the high cost of data acquisition. Other approaches that leverage 2D features are restricted based on the volume of ancillary data necessary to infer height. Here, we find, through a series of experiments covering 74.55 million buildings from the United States, France, and Germany, it is possible, with 95% accuracy, to infer building height within 3 m of the true height using footprint morphology data. Our results show that leveraging individual building footprints can lead to accurate building height predictions while not requiring ancillary data, thus making this method applicable wherever building footprints are available. The finding that it is possible to infer building height from footprint data alone provides researchers a new method to leverage in relation to various applications.

Exploring the return-on-investment for scaling screening and psychosocial treatment for women with common perinatal mental health problems in Malawi: Developing a cost-benefit-calculator tool.

This study sought to develop a user-friendly decision-making tool to explore country-specific estimates for costs and economic consequences of different options for scaling screening and psychosocial interventions for women with common perinatal mental health problems in Malawi. We developed a simple simulation model using a structure and parameter estimates that were established iteratively with experts, based on published trials, international databases and resources, statistical data, best practice guidance and intervention manuals. The model projects annual costs and returns to investment from 2022 to 2026. The study perspective is societal, including health expenditure and productivity losses. Outcomes in the form of health-related quality of life are measured in Disability Adjusted Life Years, which were converted into monetary values. Economic consequences include those that occur in the year in which the intervention takes place. Results suggest that the net benefit is relatively small at the beginning but increases over time as learning effects lead to a higher number of women being identified and receiving (cost­)effective treatment. For a scenario in which screening is first provided by health professionals (such as midwives) and a second screening and the intervention are provided by trained and supervised volunteers to equal proportions in group and individual sessions, as well as in clinic versus community setting, total costs in 2022 amount to US$ 0.66 million and health benefits to US$ 0.36 million. Costs increase to US$ 1.03 million and health benefits to US$ 0.93 million in 2026. Net benefits increase from US$ 35,000 in 2022 to US$ 0.52 million in 2026, and return-on-investment ratios from 1.05 to 1.45. Results from sensitivity analysis suggest that positive net benefit results are highly sensitive to an increase in staff salaries. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an economic decision-making tool that can be used by local policy makers and influencers to inform investments in maternal mental health.

Developing a validated methodology for identifying clozapine treatment periods in electronic health records.

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is the only recommended antipsychotic medication for individuals diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Unfortunately, its wider use is hindered by several possible adverse effects, some of which are rare but potentially life threatening. As such, there is a growing interest in studying clozapine use and safety in routinely collected healthcare data. However, previous attempts to characterise clozapine treatment have had low accuracy. AIM: To develop a methodology for identifying clozapine treatment dates by combining several data sources and implement this on a large clinical database. METHODS: Non-identifiable electronic health records from a large mental health provider in London and a linked database from a national clozapine blood monitoring service were used to obtain information regarding patients' clozapine treatment status, blood tests and pharmacy dispensing records. A rule-based algorithm was developed to determine the dates of starting and stopping treatment based on these data, and more than 10% of the outcomes were validated by manual review of de-identified case note text. RESULTS: A total of 3,212 possible clozapine treatment periods were identified, of which 425 (13.2%) were excluded due to insufficient data to verify clozapine administration. Of the 2,787 treatments remaining, 1,902 (68.2%) had an identified start-date. On evaluation, the algorithm identified treatments with 96.4% accuracy; start dates were 96.2% accurate within 15 days, and end dates were 85.1% accurate within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The algorithm produced a reliable database of clozapine treatment periods. Beyond underpinning future observational clozapine studies, we envisage it will facilitate similar implementations on additional large clinical databases worldwide.

Investigating mental healthcare inequalities associated with forced migration: promise and potential pitfalls of electronic health records.

There is a lack of data on mental health service utilisation and outcomes for people with experience of forced migration living in the UK. Details about migration experiences documented in free-text fields in electronic health records might be harnessed using novel data science methods; however, there are potential limitations and ethical concerns.

Social media users' attitudes toward cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with gender and verification status.

Introduction: Social media platforms such as Twitter and Weibo facilitate both positive and negative communication, including cyberbullying. Empirical evidence has revealed that cyberbullying increases when public crises occur, that such behavior is gendered, and that social media user account verification may deter it. However, the association of gender and verification status with cyberbullying is underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining how Weibo users' gender, verification status, and expression of affect and anger in posts influence cyberbullying attitudes. Specifically, it investigates how these factors differ between posts pro- and anti-cyberbullying of COVID-19 cases during the pandemic. Methods: This study utilized social role theory, the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model, and general strain theory as theoretical frameworks. We applied text classification techniques to identify pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts on Weibo. Subsequently, we used a standardized mean difference method to compare the emotional content of these posts. Our analysis focused on the prevalence of affective and anger-related expressions, particularly examining variations across gender and verification status of the users. Results: Our text classification identified distinct pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts. The standardized mean difference analysis revealed that pro-cyberbullying posts contained significantly more emotional content compared to anti-cyberbullying posts. Further, within the pro-cyberbullying category, posts by verified female users exhibited a higher frequency of anger-related words than those by other users. Discussion: The findings from this study can enhance researchers' algorithms for identifying cyberbullying attitudes, refine the characterization of cyberbullying behavior using real-world social media data through the integration of the mentioned theories, and help government bodies improve their cyberbullying monitoring especially in the context of public health crises.

The role of the master cancer regulator Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer.

This review examines the complex role of Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer. Pin1 is the only peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) that can recognize and isomerize phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds. Pin1 catalyzes a structural change in phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs that can modulate protein function and thereby impact cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms by which Pin1 contributes to oncogenesis are reviewed, including Pin1 overexpression and its correlation with poor cancer prognosis, and the contribution of Pin1 to aggressive tumor phenotypes involved in therapeutic resistance is discussed, with an emphasis on cancer stem cells, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immunosuppression. The therapeutic potential of Pin1 inhibition in cancer is discussed, along with the promise and the difficulties in identifying potent, drug-like, small-molecule Pin1 inhibitors. The available evidence supports the efficacy of targeting Pin1 as a novel cancer therapeutic by analyzing the role of Pin1 in a complex network of cancer-driving pathways and illustrating the potential of synergistic drug combinations with Pin1 inhibitors for treating aggressive and drug-resistant tumors.

Experiences of participant and public involvement in an international randomized controlled trial for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers.

BACKGROUND: This study was initiated and co-designed by a Participant and Public Involvement (PPI) group attached to HOMESIDE, a randomized controlled trial that investigated music and reading interventions for people living with dementia and their family caregivers across five countries: Australia, Germany, Norway, Poland, and the UK. The aim was to capture experiences of PPI across the five countries, explore the benefits and challenges of PPI in dementia research, and identify contributions made to the study. METHODS: We surveyed PPI members and academic researchers who collaborated on the HOMESIDE study. The survey was co-designed through consultation with PPI members and academics, alongside a small scoping literature review. Survey questions covered four topics: (1) expectations for PPI, (2) perceived contributions of PPI to the research study, (3) benefits and challenges of PPI, and (4) recommendations for future PPI in dementia research. RESULTS: There were 23 responses, representing 50% of the PPI members (n = 16) and 29% of academics (n = 7). PPI was found to be beneficial to the research and individuals involved. Contributions to the research included supporting recruitment and publicity, advising on the design of participant-facing materials, guiding the design and delivery of the interventions, and identifying cultural differences affecting research delivery. PPI members benefited from building connections, sharing experiences and receiving support, learning about dementia and research, and gaining new unexpected experiences. Academics learned about the realities of living with dementia, which they felt informed and grounded their work. Several challenges were identified, including the need for clear expectations and objectives, inconsistency of PPI members across research stages, limitations of meeting online versus in-person, scheduling difficulties, and language barriers. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies important considerations for implementing PPI within dementia studies and international healthcare research more broadly. Our findings guided the development of five recommendations: (1) involve PPI members as early as possible and throughout the research process; (2) create a space for constructive criticism and feedback; (3) have clear tasks, roles, and expectations for PPI members; (4) involve PPI members with a diverse range of experiences and backgrounds; and (5) embed infrastructure and planning to support PPI.

Participant and Public Involvement (PPI) brings the knowledge of those with lived experience into research to improve research relevance and delivery. Our international study, called HOMESIDE, explored the benefits of music and reading activities for people with dementia and their family caregivers across five countries: Australia, Germany, Norway, Poland, and the UK. The study's PPI members included people with dementia, family carers, and healthcare professionals, who met regularly with the research team throughout the 3-year study. The current article reports the findings of a co-designed survey about PPI within HOMESIDE. Initiated by the HOMESIDE PPI members, we carried out a survey of PPI members and academics who worked on the study to learn about the unique experiences, perspectives, and contributions of PPI across the international research team.Our findings show that PPI helped to publicize the study, improved recruitment of research participants, and informed delivery of the interventions. Another important outcome was learning from each other; PPI members learned about dementia research and academics learned about the realities of living with dementia. However, the survey also highlighted challenges, including managing expectations, scheduling difficulties, and language barriers.To support PPI in future dementia research, we highlight five recommendations: (1) involve PPI members as early as possible and throughout the research process; (2) create a space for constructive criticism and feedback; (3) have clear tasks, roles, and expectations for PPI members; (4) involve PPI members with a diverse range of experiences and backgrounds; and (5) embed infrastructure and planning to support PPI.

An investigation of neuropsychiatric symptoms, contextual factors, and antidepressant treatment as risk factors for dementia development in people with mild cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: While some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia, many others show no progression. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with risk of dementia development in this population. METHOD: A large naturalistic retrospective cohort study was assembled from mental healthcare records in a south London catchment. Patients were selected at first recorded diagnosis of MCI and subsequent dementia diagnosis was ascertained from case notes or death certificate, excluding those with dementia diagnoses and deaths within 6 months of MCI diagnosis. A range of demographic and clinical characteristics were ascertained around MCI diagnosis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate independent predictors of dementia, focussing on neuropsychiatric symptoms, contextual factors, and antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: Of 2250 patients with MCI, 236 (10.5%) developed dementia at least 6 months after MCI diagnosis. Aside from older age, lower cognitive function, and activities of daily living impairment, impaired social relationships and recorded loneliness were associated with a higher risk of developing dementia. Patients of Black (compared to White) ethnicity were at a lower risk. For depression and antidepressant receipt, only tricyclic use compared to no antidepressant use was associated with an increased dementia risk. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found for co-morbid affective disorders or different antidepressant classes as risk factors for dementia development following MCI diagnosis, but loneliness and social impairment were independent predictors and would be worth evaluating as targets for interventions to delay progression.

Piloting a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression, the Thinking Healthy Programme-Peer delivered (THPP), in a primary care setting in Lilongwe District, Malawi.

Despite the evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression, their uptake is low in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Reasons for this include the lack of contextually adapted interventions and mental health specialists to deliver them. This study aimed to test the acceptability and feasibility of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression, the Thinking Healthy Programme-Peer Delivered, adapted for use in rural Malawi. A multi-method evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was conducted using a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and an exploratory qualitative study. Pre-post intervention change in depression scores (paired t-test) and recruitment, retention and session adherence rates were calculated. Qualitative data were collected through 29 in-depth interviews (22 mothers and 7 peer volunteers) and 1 Focus Group Discussion (18 mothers). Thematic analysis approach was used to analyse qualitative data. Seven (7) out of 8 peer volunteers were successfully trained to deliver the intervention. A total of 31 pregnant women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥12 were offered intervention, of whom 24 were enrolled (recruitment rate 77.4%). Out of these 24 women, 22 completed the intervention (retention rate 91.6%). Mean difference between pre- and post-test EPDS scores one week after 8th session was 7.59 (95% CI 4.98 to 10.19), p<0.001. Qualitative evaluation showed that the intervention was acceptable despite some challenges including stigma and issues around incentivization of peer volunteers. The Thinking Healthy Programme-Peer Delivered, adapted for use in Malawi, was feasible to deliver and acceptable to its target population. The intervention may be useful in management of perinatal depression in primary care settings in Malawi. However, definitive trials are needed to evaluate its effectiveness.

3D VSP Imaging Using DAS Recording of P- and S-Waves in Vertical and Lateral Well Sections in West Texas.

A 3D vertical seismic profiling (VSP) survey was acquired using a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system in the Permian Basin, West Texas. In total, 682 shot points from a pair of vibroseis units were recorded using optical fibers installed in a 9000 ft (2743 m) vertical part and 5000 ft (1524 m) horizontal reach of a well. Transmitted and reflected P, S, and converted waves were evident in the DAS data. From first-break P and S arrivals, we found average P-wave velocities of approximately 14,000 ft/s (4570 m/s) and S-wave velocities of 8800 ft/s (3000 m/s) in the deep section. We modified the conventional geophone VSP processing workflow and produced P-P reflection and P-S volumes derived from the well's vertical section. The Wolfcamp formation can be seen in two 3D volumes (P-P and P-S) from the vertical section of the well. They cover an area of 3000 ft (914 m) in the north-south direction and 1500 ft (460 m) in the west-east direction. Time slices showed coherent reflections, especially at 1.7 s (~11,000 ft), which was interpreted as the bottom of the Wolfcamp formation. Vp/Vs values from 2300 ft (701 m) -8800 ft (2682 m) interval range were between 1.7 and 2.0. These first data provide baseline images to compare to follow-up surveys after hydraulic fracturing as well as potential usefulness in extracting elastic properties and providing further indications of fractured volumes.