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Oxygen therapy is widely used in clinical practice; however, prolonged hyperoxia exposure may result in hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI). In this study, we investigated the role of FAM134B in hyperoxia-induced apoptosis, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) using RLE-6TN cells and rat lungs. We also studied the effect of CeO2-NPs on RLE-6TN cells and lungs following hyperoxia exposure. FAM134B was inhibited in RLE-6TN cells and rat lungs following hyperoxia exposure. Overexpressing FAM134B promoted cell proliferation, and reduced EMT and apoptosis following hyperoxia exposure. FAM134B activation increased ER-phagy, decreased apoptosis, improved lung structure damage, and decreased collagen fiber deposition to limit lung injury. These effects could be reversed by PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002. Additionally, CeO2-NPs protected RLE-6TN cells and lung damage following hyperoxia exposure by ameliorating impaired ER-phagy. Therefore, FAM134B restoration is a potential therapeutic target for the HALI. Moreover, CeO2-NPs can be used for the treatment of HALI.
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BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well-known to trigger a disruption of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare lipid profile changes in T1DM patients after achieving glucose control and explore the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we seek to identify novel lipid biomarkers associated with T1DM under conditions of glycemic control. METHODS: A total of 27 adults with T1DM (age: 34.3 ± 11.2 yrs) who had maintained glucose control for over a year, and 24 healthy controls (age: 35.1 + 5.56 yrs) were recruited. Clinical characteristics of all participants were analyzed and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We identified 594 lipid species from 13 major classes. Differential analysis of plasma lipid profiles revealed a general decline in lipid levels in T1DM patients with controlled glycemic levels, including a notable decrease in triglycerides (TAGs) and diglycerides (DAGs). Moreover, these T1DM patients exhibited lower levels of six phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and three phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). Random forest analysis determined DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) to be the most prominent plasma markers of T1DM under glycemic control (AUC = 0.966). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of all metabolites from the 13 lipid classes were changed in T1DM patients under glycemic control, with TAGs, DAGs, PCs, PEs, and FFAs demonstrating the most significant decrease. This research identified DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) as effective plasma biomarkers in T1DM patients with controled glycemic levels.
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Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Control Glucémico , Lípidos , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Biomarcadores/sangre , Adulto , Lípidos/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lipidómica/métodos , PronósticoRESUMEN
Objectives: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges in glycaemic control due to the complexity and uniqueness of the dietary structure in China, especially in terms of postprandial glycaemic response (PPGR). This study aimed to establish a personalized model for predicting PPGR in patients with T1D. Materials and methods: Data provided by the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 13 patients with T1D, were recruited and provided with an intervention for at least two weeks. All patients were asked to wear a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device under free-living conditions during the study period. To tackle the challenge of incomplete data from wearable devices for CGM measurements, the GAIN method was used in this paper to achieve a more rational interpolation process. In this study, patients' PPGRs were calculated, and a LightGBM prediction model was constructed based on a Bayesian hyperparameter optimisation algorithm and a random search algorithm, which integrated glucose measurement, insulin dose, dietary nutrient content, blood measurement and anthropometry as inputs. Results: The experimental outcomes revealed that the PPGR prediction model presented in this paper demonstrated superior accuracy (R=0.63) compared to both the carbohydrate content only model (R=0.14) and the baseline model emulating the standard of care for insulin administration (R=0.43). In addition, the interpretation of the model using the SHAP method showed that blood glucose levels at meals and blood glucose trends 30 minutes before meals were the most important features of the model. Conclusion: The proposed model offers a heightened precision in predicting PPGR in patients with T1D, so it can better guide the diet plan and insulin intake dose of patients with T1D.
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Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Periodo Posprandial , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Periodo Posprandial/fisiología , Adulto , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea/métodos , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Adulto Joven , Insulina/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Control Glucémico/métodos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Teorema de Bayes , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Brain network provides an essential perspective for studying normal and pathological brain activities. Reconstructing the brain network in the source space becomes more needed, for example, as a target in non-invasive neuromodulation. Precise estimating source activities from the scalp EEG is still challenging because it is an ill-posed question and because of the volume conduction effect. There is no consensus on how to reconstruct the EEG source network. This study uses simultaneous scalp EEG and stereo-EEG to investigate the effect of inverse solutions, connectivity measures, and node sizes on the reconstruction of the source network. We evaluated the performance of different methods on both source activity and network. Numerical simulation was also carried out for comparison. The weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) method achieved significantly better performance on the reconstructed networks in source space than five other connectivity measures (directed transfer function (DTF), partial directed coherence (PDC), efficient effective connectivity (EEC), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and amplitude envelope correlation (AEC)). There is no significant difference between the inverse solutions (standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), weighted minimum norm estimate (wMNE), and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming) on the reconstructed source networks. The source network based on signal phases can fit intracranial activities better than signal waveform properties or causality. Our study provides a basis for reconstructing source space networks from scalp EEG, especially for future neuromodulation research.
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Algoritmos , Simulación por Computador , Electroencefalografía , Cuero Cabelludo , Humanos , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiología , Femenino , Modelos Neurológicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this paper, the oxidation-exfoliation process of graphite is studied experimentally by the mixed-solvent method, the oxidation-exfoliation process of graphite is simulated theoretically, and it is found that Graphene Oxide (GO) is a Janus structure with inconsistent oxidation on both surfaces; hydrophilic on one side and hydrophobic on the other side. This layer structure and layer spacing are due to the inconsistent oxidation on both sides which changes with the polarity of different solvent mixtures. We used a two-phase system of benzyl alcohol and water, as well as controlling the polarity of the surface of the substrate, to achieve (using a mixed solution of GO which has a selectivity more inclined to the oil phase when the aqueous phase is present) the preparation of reduced graphene oxide patterns. We also used a complex solution of hydrogen iodide and a sodium-iodide complex solution for secondary reduction to enhance its conductivity to 8653 S/m.
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Efficient charge-carrier injection and transport in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are essential to simultaneously achieving their high efficiency and long-term stability. However, the charge-transporting layers (CTLs) deposited by various vapor or solution processes are usually in amorphous forms, and their low charge-carrier mobilities, defect-induced high trap densities and inhomogeneous thickness with rough surface morphologies have been obstacles towards high-performance devices. Here, organic single-crystalline (SC) films were employed as the hole-transporting layers (HTLs) instead of the conventional amorphous films to fabricate highly efficient and stable OLEDs. The high-mobility and ultrasmooth morphology of the SC-HTLs facilitate superior interfacial characteristics of both HTL/electrode and HTL/emissive layer interfaces, resulting in a high Haacke's figure of merit (FoM) of the ultrathin top electrode and low series-resistance joule-heat loss ratio of the SC-OLEDs. Moreover, the thick and compact SC-HTL can function as a barrier layer against moisture and oxygen permeation. As a result, the SC-OLEDs show much improved efficiency and stability compared to the OLEDs based on amorphous or polycrystalline HTLs, suggesting a new strategy to developing advanced OLEDs with high efficiency and high stability.
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Background: Grade IV circular hemorrhoids are difficult to treat. We aim to describe the modified whitehead hemorrhoidectomy procedure and to assess the effectiveness and safety of this procedure for grade IV circular hemorrhoid patients. Methods: Patients with grade â £ circular hemorrhoids who underwent modified Whitehead hemorrhoidectomy and partial hemorrhoidectomy for fourth-degree circular mixed hemorrhoids were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data were extracted from the database at our institution, and long-term postoperative complications were assessed through repeated outpatient examinations and telephonic communication. Results: A total of 205 patients were included in this study. The mean operative time was 59.2 ± 13.8 min. The average hospital stay was 4.6 ± 1.0 days. For postoperative complications, 66 (32.2%) patients had urinary retention, 10 (4.9%) patients had a sense of incomplete rectal emptying, 5 (2.4%) patients had anal incontinence, and 6 (2.9%) patients had wound infection. For long-term postoperative complications, 3 (1.5%) patients experienced mild to moderate anal stricture, 2 (1%) patients experienced mucosal ectropion, they all had smooth recoveries, and none of them needed secondary surgery. None of these patients had a hemorrhoid recurrence. A total of 205 patients who received modified Whitehead hemorrhoidectomy and 161 who received partial hemorrhoidectomy were included. There were no residual hemorrhoids in patients who received modified Whitehead hemorrhoidectomy, and none had hemorrhoid recurrence. Fifty-eight patients who received partial hemorrhoidectomy had hemorrhoidal residues, and 19 patients experienced hemorrhoid recurrence. After modified Whitehead hemorrhoidectomy, 3 patients developed anal stenosis, and 2 had mucosal ectropion. Four patients developed anal stricture after partial hemorrhoidectomy, and none had mucosal ectropion. They all had smooth recoveries, and none of them needed a secondary surgery. For the mean duration of surgery, postoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, wound infection, sense of incomplete rectal emptying, anal incontinence, and urinary retention, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions: Compared with partial hemorrhoidectomy, modified whitehead hemorrhoidectomy is an effective and safe surgical procedure and does not significantly increase the risk of anal stenosis and mucosal ectropion for grade IV circular hemorrhoid patients. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to verify our results.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia on the circadian rhythms in the patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure. Methods Thirty patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure under elective intravenous anesthesia were included in this study.Paired t-tests were performed to compare the mRNA levels of the genes encoding circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(CLOCK),brain and muscle ARNT-1 like protein-1(BMAL1),cryptochrome 1(CRY1),and period circadian clock 2(PER2),the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire(MCTQ)score,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score before and after anesthesia.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed to screen the factors influencing sleep chronotype and PSQI total score one week after surgery. Results The postoperative mRNA level of CLOCK was higher [1.38±1.23 vs.1.90±1.47;MD(95%CI):0.52(0.20-0.84),t=3.327,P=0.002] and the postoperative mRNA levels of CRY1 [1.56±1.50 vs.1.13±0.98;MD(95%CI):-0.43(-0.81--0.05),t=-2.319,P=0.028] and PER2 [0.82±0.63 vs.0.50±0.31;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.53--0.12),t=-3.202,P=0.003] were lower than the preoperative levels.One week after surgery,the patients presented advanced sleep chronotype [3â¶03±0â¶59 vs.2â¶42±0â¶37;MD(95%CI):-21(-40--1),t=-2.172,P=0.038],shortened sleep latency [(67±64)min vs.(37±21)min;MD(95%CI):-30.33(-55.28--5.39),t=-2.487,P=0.019],lengthened sleep duration [(436±83)min vs.(499±83)min;MD(95%CI):62.80(26.93-98.67),t=3.581,P=0.001],increased sleep efficiency [(87.59±10.35)% vs.(92.98±4.27)%;MD(95%CI):5.39(1.21-9.58),t=2.636,P=0.013],decreased sleep quality score [1.13±0.78 vs.0.80±0.71;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.62--0.05),t=-2.408,P=0.023],and declined PSQI total score [6.60±3.17 vs.4.03±2.58;MD(95%CI):-2.57(-3.87--1.27),t=-4.039,P<0.001].Body mass index(BMI)(B=-227.460,SE=95.475,t=-2.382,P=0.025),anesthesia duration(B=-47.079,SE=18.506,t=-2.544,P=0.017),and mRNA level of PER2(B=2815.804,SE=1080.183,t=2.607,P=0.015)collectively influenced the sleep chronotype,and the amount of anesthesia medicine(B=0.067,SE=0.028,t=2.385,P=0.024)independently influenced the PSQI one week after surgery. Conclusions Total intravenous anesthesia can improve sleep habits by advancing sleep chronotype.BMI,anesthesia duration,and mRNA level of PER2 collectively influence sleep chronotype one week after surgery.The amount of anesthesia medicine independently influences the PSQI total score one week after surgery.
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AIMS: To evaluate the status quo of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and characteristics of hospitalised patients with T1D in China through a nationwide multicentre registry study, the China Diabetes Type 1 Study (CD1S). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from the electronic hospital records of all people with T1D were retrospectively collected in 13 tertiary hospitals across 7 regions of China from January 2016 to December 2021. Patients were defined as newly diagnosed who received a diagnosis of diabetes for less than 3 months. RESULTS: Among the 4993 people with T1D, the median age (range) at diagnosis was 23.0 (1.0-87.0) years and the median disease duration was 2.0 years. The median haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 10.7%. The prevalence of obesity, overweight, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were 2.5%, 10.8%, 62.5% and 25.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at disease onset was 41.1%, with the highest in children <10 years of age (50.6%). In patients not newly diagnosed, 60.7% were diagnosed with at least one chronic diabetic complication, with the highest proportion (45.3%) of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Chronic complications were detected in 79.2% of people with T1D duration ≥10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In the most recent years, there were still unsatisfactory metabolic control and high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis as well as chronic diabetic complications among inpatients with T1D in China. The ongoing CD1S prospective study aims to improve the quality of T1D management nationally.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Cetoacidosis Diabética , Niño , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Cetoacidosis Diabética/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , China/epidemiología , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts. Elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: Isoleucine, leucine, valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)) show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies. However, improvement is needed to support its clinical utility. AIM: To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight. METHODS: Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients (< 12 mo) differing in BMI [normal weight (NW), n = 33, BMI = 22.23 ± 1.60; overweight, n = 42, BMI = 25.9 ± 1.07; obesity (OB), n = 22, BMI = 31.23 ± 2.31] from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China, were studied. One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs. RESULTS: Fasting serum AAAs, BCAAs, glutamate, and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower (P < 0.05, each) in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients, especially in male OB-T2DM patients. Arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients. Moreover, histidine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity, body weight and BMI, whereas isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL. CONCLUSION: Heterogeneously elevated amino acids, especially BCAAs/AAAs, across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development. The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals, whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals. This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.
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Autoimmune responses are the most important pathogenic mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether EVs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSC-EVs) have treatment effects on nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice as model of T1D. HucMSC-EVs were isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs and characterized. NOD mice (aged 4 weeks) were administered with HucMSC-EVs or the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via caudal vein injection twice per week. After 8 weeks of treatment, blood, spleen, and pancreatic samples were collected. Mouse blood glucose levels and body weights were measured during treatment, and insulin concentration and inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to evaluate pathological changes in mouse islets. T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry, while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were used to detect the expression of transcription factor and inflammatory cytokines. Our data indicated that HucMSC-EVs treatment reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin concentration in NOD mice. Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 were significantly increased and those of IL-1ß and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) significantly decreased in the HucMSC-EVs group. The positive ratio of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets decreased after intravenous injection of HucMSC-EVs, in which the proportion of Th2 cells increased and that of Th1 decreased. GATA-3 and IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels were upregulated in spleen on treatment with HucMSC-EVs, whereas those of T-bet and IFN-γ were downregulated. In addition, more inflammatory cell infiltration was detected in the pancreas of control group mice than those treated with HucMSC-EVs. IHC staining showed that Fas/FasL expression and distribution in control group pancreas were higher than those in the HucMSC-EVs group. Together, our findings indicate that HucMSC-EVs have potential to prevent islet injury via T cell immune responses by adjusting the Th1/Th2 ratio to regulate secretion of inflammatory factors.
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BACKGROUND: Noncontiguous 2-level cervical disc herniation (NCT-CDH) is a common condition that often requires surgical intervention. In this study, we developed a surgical approach for the treatment of NCT-CDH using anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic single incision through the vertebral body. We provide a brief overview of its safety, efficacy, and feasibility, along with a description of our relevant surgical experience. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, involving 30 patients who were followed up for at least 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale, Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, Nurick scores, intervertebral disc height, and modified Macnab criteria were recorded. Patients underwent regular radiological evaluations throughout the follow-up period. RESULTS: Postoperative computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray examinations revealed bone tunnel healing, intact drilled vertebral bodies without collapse, adequate decompression of the spinal canal, and normal cervical mobility. There was a significant improvement in postoperative visual analog scale, Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, Nurick scores, and modified Macnab criteria compared to the preoperative values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic transcorporeal with single-incision treatment for NCT-CDH is a safe and feasible surgical method. Therefore, it can be considered as a viable treatment option for patients with NCT-CDH.
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Vértebras Cervicales , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano , Endoscopía/métodos , Discectomía Percutánea/métodosRESUMEN
The study developed a framework to investigate the impact of multiple spatial and temporal resolutions on urban growth simulation. The research utilized the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) model and three regular models and data from 2009 to 2017 to simulate the urban area of Liangjiang New District in 2018 and determine the optimal spatiotemporal resolution for urban expansion models. The results indicated that the ConvLSTM model has the best simulation result and the ideal temporal resolution for Liangjiang district is to include the previous two years of data, with an optimal spatial resolution of 90 m and a spatiotemporal simulation zone within a two-year time step and 100 × 100 spatial information filter. At this combination, the kappa value of the ConvLSTM is 0.87 which is about 5% higher than others. Our findings revealed that the characteristics of input data can have a significant impact on simulation results and should be carefully considered during the simulation process.
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OBJECTIVE: Full endoscopic techniques are being gradually introduced from single-segment cervical disc herniation surgery to two-segment cervical disc herniation surgery. However, there is no suitable full endoscopic treatment for mixed-type two-segment cervical disc herniation (MTCDH) in which one segment herniates in front of the spinal cord and the other segment herniates behind the spinal cord. Therefore, we introduce a new full endoscopic technique by combining an anterior transcorporeal approach and a posterior translaminar approach. In addition, we provide a brief description of its safety, efficacy, feasibility, and surgical points. METHODS: Thirty patients with MTCDH were given full endoscopic surgical treatment by a combined transcorporeal and transforaminal approach and were followed up for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Clinical assessment scales showed that the patient's symptoms and pain were significantly reduced postoperatively. Imaging results showed bony repair of the surgically induced bone defect and the cervical Cobb angle was increased. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION: This technique enables minimally invasive surgery to relieve the compression of the spinal cord by MTCDH. It avoids the fusion of the vertebral body for internal fixation, preserves the vertebral motion segments, avoids medical destruction of the cervical disc to the greatest extent possible, and expands the scope of adaptation of full endoscopic technology in cervical surgery.
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Discectomía Percutánea , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/complicaciones , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento , Discectomía , Discectomía Percutánea/métodos , Endoscopía/métodos , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to discuss the characteristics and treatment methods of malignant tumors in the parotid region, as well as the therapeutic effects of immediate free flap reconstruction of soft tissue for postoperative defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 11 cases of soft tissue flap reconstruction for postoperative defects following the resection of malignant tumors in the parotid region. Statistical analysis was performed based on clinical data. RESULTS: Among the 11 cases of malignant tumors in the parotid region, there were 2 cases of secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 2 cases of carcinosarcoma, 1 case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 1 case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), 1 case of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), 1 case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 1 case of osteosarcoma. Among these cases, 4 were initial diagnoses and 7 were recurrent tumors. The defect repairs involved: 8 cases with anterolateral thigh free flap (ALTF), 2 cases with pectoralis major muscle flaps, and 1 case with forearm flap. The size of the flaps ranged from approximately 1 cm × 3 cm to 7 cm × 15 cm. The recipient vessels included: 4 cases with the facial artery, 4 cases with the superior thyroid artery, and 1 case with the external carotid artery. The ratio of recipient vein anastomosis was: 57% for branches of the internal jugular vein, 29% for the facial vein, and 14% for the external jugular vein. Among the 8 cases that underwent neck lymph node dissection, one case showed lymph node metastasis on pathological examination. In the initial diagnosis cases, 2 cases received postoperative radiotherapy, and 1 case received 125I seed implantation therapeutic treatment after experiencing two recurrences. Postoperative follow-up revealed that 2 cases underwent reoperation due to local tumor recurrence, and there were 2 cases lost to follow-up. The survival outcomes after treatment included: one case of distant metastasis and one case of death from non-cancerous diseases. CONCLUSION: Immediate soft tissue flap reconstruction is an important and valuable option to address postoperative defects in patients afflicted with malignant tumors in the parotid region.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Trasplante de Piel , Humanos , Región Parotídea/patología , Región Parotídea/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common disease that endangers the health of elderly women. Cucumber seeds have shown excellent therapeutic effects on PMOP, but the mechanism of cucumber seed peptide (CSP) remains unclear. The expression levels of NF-κB and osteoclast-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and osteoclast formation were detected by immunofluorescence and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of OPG, M-CSF, and RANKL. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and TRAP staining were used to observe the effects of CSP on bone formation. In RAW264.7 cells, CSP (0.4 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 40 mg/L) effectively inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes (Cathepsin-K, MT1-MMP, MMP-9, and TRAP). TRAP-positive multinucleated giant cells gradually decreased. Furthermore, NF-κB pathway activation downstream of RANK was inhibited. In bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), the expression levels of M-CSF and RANKL gradually decreased, and OPG gradually increased with increasing CSP concentrations. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB) prevented the formation of osteoclasts. Treatment with different concentrations of CSP effectively decreased the levels of RANKL and M-CSF in rat serum and increased the expression of OPG in the oophorectomy (OVX) rat model. Furthermore, different concentrations of CSP could ameliorate the loss of bone structure and inhibit the formation of osteoclasts in rats. CSP inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and inhibiting the NF-kB pathway.
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Cucumis sativus , FN-kappa B , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratas , Diferenciación Celular , Cucumis sativus/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteogénesis , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , RatonesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To explore the mechanism of insulin secretion dysfunction in pancreatic beta cells induced by N-glycosylation mediated by an infection from the hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: Min6 cell models infected with HCV and stimulated with glucose were constructed. Meanwhile, an HCV-infected animal model and a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model were constructed. Glucose uptake in the Min6 cells was detected, and insulin secretion was detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and lectin blotting were used to detect the expression levels of related proteins and mRNA, as well as the level of N-glycosylation. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the pancreatic tissue, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to evaluate the glucose tolerance of the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the NC group, the expression levels of GnT-IVa, GLUT2, galectin-9, and voltage-dependent calcium channel 1.2 (Cav1.2) were significantly downregulated in the HCV-infected group. The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) component proteins SUR1 and Kir6.2 were significantly upregulated, while intracellular glucose intake and insulin secretion decreased, N-glycosylation levels and ATP levels significantly decreased, and the overexpression of GnT-IVa reversed the effect of the HCV infection. However, treatment with the glycosylation inhibitor kifunensine (KIF) or the KATP channel activator diazine (Dia) reversed the effects of the overexpression of GnT-IVa. In the animal experiments, HE staining revealed serious pathological injuries in the pancreatic tissue of the HCV-infected rats, with decreased glucose tolerance and glycosylation levels, decreased insulin secretion, downregulated expression of GnT-IVa, GLUT2, and Cav1.2, and upregulated expression of SUR1 and Kir6.2. The overexpression treatment of GnT-IVa or the KATP channel antagonist miglinide reversed the effects of HCV. CONCLUSION: HCV infection inhibits GLUT2 N-glycosylation on the pancreatic ß cell surface by downregulating the expression of GnT-IVa and then activates the KATP pathway, which ultimately leads to disturbances in insulin secretion.
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Rabies continues to be a huge threat to public health. The rabies virus envelope glycoprotein (RABV G) is a major rabies virus antigen and contains neutralizing epitopes, which are primary candidates for subunit vaccines and diagnostic antigens. However, the production and purification of rRABV G while retaining its antigenic and immunogenic remains to be a challenge. Here, we aimed to establish a platform for rRABV G production and purification, and determine the immunogenicity and antigenicity of rRABV G. The cDNA fragment encoding the soluble form of RABV G was synthesized and cloned into a lentiviral expressing vector. Recombinant lentiviral vector LV-CMV-RABV G-eGFP was packaged, titered, and then transduced into HEK 293T cells. The cell culture supernatant was purified using nickel affinity chromatography and subsequently confirmed through Western Blot analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA utilized human sera obtained from individuals who had been vaccinated with the human commercial Purified Vero Cells Rabies Vaccine (PVRV). Notably, we observed a neutralizing antibody response in immunized pigs rather than in mice. This discrepancy could potentially be attributed to factors such as the instability of the rRABV G protein, variations in host responses, and variances in the adjuvant used. Taking all these findings into account, the rRABV G protein generated in this study exhibits promise as a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of rabies.
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Vacunas Antirrábicas , Virus de la Rabia , Rabia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Porcinos , Virus de la Rabia/genética , Rabia/prevención & control , Células HEK293 , Células Vero , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Glicoproteínas/genética , Vacunas Antirrábicas/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The optimization of glucose control in type-1 diabetes is challenged by postprandial glycemic variability. This study aimed to compare the postprandial glycemic effects of carbohydrate counting and the modified fat-protein unit (FPU) algorithms following meals with different protein and fat emphases in adults with type-1 diabetes. METHODS: Thirty adults with type-1 diabetes aged 18 to 45 years participated in a randomized crossover trial. In a random order, participants consumed four test meals with equivalent energy and different macronutrient emphases on four separate mornings. The modified FPU algorithms and carbohydrate counting were used to determine the insulin dose for the test meals. A continuous glucose monitoring system was used to measured postprandial glycemia. RESULTS: Compared with carbohydrate counting, the modified FPU algorithm significantly decreased the late postprandial mean glucose levels (p = 0.026) in high protein-fat meals. The number of hypoglycemia episodes was similar between insulin dosing algorithms for the high protein-fat meals; hypoglycemic events were considerably higher for the modified FPU in the normal protein-fat meal (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: The modified FPU algorithm may improve postprandial glycemic control after consuming high protein-fat meals in adults with type-1 diabetes but may result in increased hypoglycemia risk when used with a normal protein-fat meal.