Multilevel regulation and molecular mechanism of poly (rC)-binding protein 1 in cancer.

Poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), an RNA- or DNA-binding protein with a relative molecular weight of 38 kDa, which is characterized by downregulation in many cancer types. Numerous cases have indicated that PCBP1 could be considered as a tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. In the current review, we described the multilevel regulatory roles of PCBP1, including gene transcription, alternative splicing, and translation of many cancer-related genes. Additionally, we also provided a brief overview about the inhibitory effect of PCBP1 on most common tumors. More importantly, we summarized the current research status about PCBP1 in hypoxic microenvironment, autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy of cancer cells, aiming to clarify the molecular mechanisms of PCBP1 in cancer. Taken together, in-depth study of PCBP1 in cancer may provide new ideas for cancer therapy.

Unilateral zygomatic hypoplasia correction by L-shaped zygomatic osteotomy with natural coral.

PURPOSE: Zygomatic osteotomy is a common method of zygomatic hypoplasia correction. Natural coral is considered to be a good bone substitute. Few studies on unilateral zygomatic hypoplasia correction by zygomatic osteotomy with natural coral have been reported. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical morphological results and surgical outcomes of unilateral zygomatic hypoplasia correction by L-shaped zygomatic osteotomy with natural coral. METHODS: From 1996 to 2012, a total of 42 patients with hypoplastic zygomas treated by L-shaped zygomatic osteotomy with natural coral were included in this study. Based on facial analysis results and x-ray and CT measurements, the degradation of natural coral, new bone formation, and clinical outcomes were observed and recorded. RESULTS: All surgical procedures achieved satisfactory results without complications. During the stabilization period of about 12 to 15 months, all natural coral blocks were completely degraded and replaced by new bone. Good mechanical strength and continuity of the new bone and good zygomatic asymmetry were achieved in each patient. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: L-shaped zygomatic osteotomy with natural coral is an effective method of unilateral zygomatic hypoplasia correction.

Long-term changes in the masseter muscle following reduction gonioplasty.

UNLABELLED: Many plastic surgeons use mandibular osteotomy (reduction gonioplasty) without masseter resection to correct a square face. However, there is not enough long-term observation of the masseter after reduction gonioplasty, although some researches have already confirmed that the volume of masseter muscle does decrease shortly after reduction gonioplasty. METHODS: The Plastic Surgery Hospital database was retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent reduction gonioplasty. Fifty-six patients with both preoperative and 4 years postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) were included. The changes in the volume and morphology of the masseter muscle after reduction gonioplasty were assessed quantitatively. The 3DCT data were analyzed using Mimics 10.01 software. RESULTS: All patients were satisfied with the outcome. No complications happened. There were significant differences between the preoperative and 4 years postoperative volume and morphology. CONCLUSION: After reduction gonioplasty, the masseter muscle atrophied (reduced 20.98% ± 8.75%), especially the lower part of the masseter muscle in the long-term follow-up. Most patients with prominent mandibular angles should be treated with reduction gonioplasty without approaching the masseter muscle.

Midface contour change after reduction malarplasty with a modified L-shaped osteotomy: a surgical outcomes study.

BACKGROUND: The zygomatic bone, which is located on both sides of the midface, significantly contributes to the overall facial form. Asian people usually have a wide midface and prominent zygoma. Reduction malarplasty is one of the most frequently performed facial contouring surgeries in Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of reduction malarplasty with a modified L-shaped osteotomy. METHODS: This study evaluated surgical outcomes of 30 patients (3 men and 27 women) who had undergone reduction malarplasty with a modified L-shaped osteotomy. Photogrammetric analysis using graphics software was performed, and the prominence and height of the malar eminence were measured in the presurgical and postsurgical photographs. Attractiveness quotients were rated based on visual assessment of the presurgical and postsurgical groups. RESULTS: The malar eminence showed a significant decrease in prominence between the presurgical and postsurgical groups (P < 0.001) without a significant change in height. Facial attractiveness increased significantly after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We devised a simple and intuitive method for the photographic measurement of the malar prominence. Reduction malarplasty with a modified L-shaped osteotomy resulted in a notably reduced malar prominence without obvious downward displacement of the malar eminence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

[Long-term follow-up of microgenia treatment with natural coral].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of microgenia treatment with natural coral, and the volume relationship between the implant and the new bone. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 12 patients with microgenia treated by horizontal genioplasty with natural coral implantation between October 1998 and September 2004. There were 7 males and 5 females with the average age of 18.5 years (range, 15-28 years). The cephalometric data on the photo and X-ray films were collected at pre-operation, immediate after operation, and last follow-up. The vertical distance between lower lip point and inferior mental point, the vertical distance between inferior alveolar point and inferior mental point, the vertical distance of the osteotomic gap, and the distance between pogonion and the line between nasion and inferior alveolar point were measured, and the recurrence rates were caculated. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication occurred. All patients were followed up 8-12 years (mean, 9.2 years). X-ray films showed that the natural coral was replaced by new bone formation in the mental osteotomic gap; the new bone had good strength and firmly attached to the mentalis and periosteum. At last follow-up, the vertical distance between lower lip point and inferior mental point, the vertical distance between inferior alveolar point and inferior mental point, and the vertical distance of the osteotomic gap were decreased when compared with the ones at immediate after operation, and the mean recurrence rates were 6.1%, 22.9%, and 31.7%, respectively; and no obvious change was observed in the vertical distance between pogonion and the line between nasion and inferior alveolar point. Nine patients were satisfied with operation effectiveness; chin morphology was adjusted again in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Natural coral is a safe and effective bone substitute with enough stable new bone and good long-term effectiveness.