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1.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1323: 19-34, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32596750

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Ensuring the microbiological quality of textiles is an important requirement for health care facilities. The present study examines the way transport times and temperatures influence microbial growth in textiles. Therefore, the effectiveness of washing and disinfection processes has also been studied. METHODS: Microbial Challenge Tests were set up through the artificial contamination of different dry and wet textiles which were stored at different temperatures. The bacterial concentration was evaluated in well-defined time phases aimed at simulating the time it took for the textiles to be transported from the hospital facilities to the reconditioning unit. Three times were therefore considered from T = 0 inoculation moment to T = 72 h post inoculation. At the end of each time, the increase in bacterial concentration was assessed by means of microbiological cultures, using selective media for the enumeration of each type of inoculated microorganism. RESULTS: In all the contaminated textiles the bacterial concentration remained unchanged at a temperature of 4 °C, while at 22 °C and 37 °C there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) starting from 8 h of storage. In these textiles, the microorganism that showed the greatest growth capacity was P. aeruginosa with average initial concentration values of 104 CFU/cm2 and a final concentration of 1.5 × 105 CFU/cm2 at 22 °C and 1 × 105 CFU/cm2 at 37 °C 72 h after inoculum. CONCLUSION: The data highlights the fact that the degree of contamination in textiles does not undergo an increase when transport takes place at a controlled temperature. Refrigerated transport of hospital textiles is thus a desirable preventive measure to keep microbiological risk under control.


Asunto(s)
Desinfección , Textiles , Bacterias , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Microbiología de Alimentos , Hospitales , Temperatura
2.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28934070

RESUMEN

Trihalomethanes (THMs) - CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3 - are drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). These compounds can also be absorbed by different types of foods, including ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh vegetables. The potential absorption of THMs during washing of RTE vegetables could pose a potential risk to consumers' health. The concentration of THMs in the water used in the manufacturing process of these products shall not exceed the limit of 100 or 80 µgL-1 according to European Union (EU) and United States legislation, respectively. By contrast, there is little information about the presence of such compounds in the final product. This study evaluated the concentration of THMs in different types of RTE vegetables (carrots, iceberg lettuce, lettuce, mixed salad, parsley, parsley and garlic, rocket salad, valerian) after washing with chlorinated water. In the 115 samples analysed, the average value of total THMs was equal to 76.7 ng g-1. Chloroform was the THM present in the largest percentage in all the RTE vegetables. These results show that the process of washing RTE vegetables should be optimised in order to reduce the risk for consumers associated with the presence of DBPs.


Asunto(s)
Cloro/análisis , Desinfección/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Trihalometanos/análisis , Verduras/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo
3.
J Food Sci ; 81(1): M114-20, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26666835

RESUMEN

Ricotta Salata is a traditional ripened and salted whey cheese made in Sardinia (Italy) from sheep's milk. This product is catalogued as ready-to-eat food (RTE) since it is not submitted to any further treatment before consumption. Thus, foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, can represent a health risk for consumers. In September 2012, the FDA ordered the recall of several batches of Ricotta Salata imported from Italy linked to 22 cases of Listeriosis in the United States. This study was aimed at evaluating the presence and virulence properties of L. monocytogenes in 87 samples of Ricotta Salata produced in Sardinia. The ability of this product to support its growth under foreseen packing and storing conditions was also evaluated in 252 samples. Of the 87 samples 17.2% were positive for the presence of L. monocytogenes with an average concentration of 2.2 log10 cfu/g. All virulence-associated genes (prfA, rrn, hlyA, actA, inlA, inlB, iap, plcA, and plcB) were detected in only one isolated strain. The Ricotta Salata samples were artificially inoculated and growth potential (δ) was assessed over a period of 3 mo. The value of the growth potential was always >0.5 log10 cfu/g under foreseen packing and storing conditions. This study indicates that Ricotta Salata supports the L. monocytogenes growth to levels that may present a serious risk to public health, even while stored at refrigeration temperatures.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Queso/microbiología , Listeria monocytogenes/genética , Listeriosis/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Animales , Queso/economía , Humanos , Italia , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Leche/economía , Leche/microbiología , Ovinos , Estados Unidos
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