[Evaluation of the effectiveness of differentiated therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

AIM: Study of the effectiveness of differentiated therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease taking into account the clinical and pathogenetic features of its course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 168 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were examined, 108 of them were women and 60 men aged from 30 to 70 years. For treatment, depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease, 3 groups of patients were formed. The first group included patients (n=47) with liver steatosis with a high content of lipids in the blood and an increased atherogenic coefficient; they received therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid with atorvastatin. The second group consisted of patients (n=65) with liver steatosis with an increased level of glycemia, insulin and insulin resistance, they were prescribed therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and metformin. Patients of the third group (n=56) with steatohepatitis with concomitant bacterial overgrowth received еssentiale forte H therapy with rioflora immuno. Clinical data, blood biochemical parameters, insulin and HOMA-IR levels, intestinal microbiota status, as well as regression of liver steatosis and steatohepatitis were evaluated in the dynamics of treatment. RESULTS: In the dynamics of treatment, there was a decrease in the clinical manifestations of the disease in all observed groups of patients, an improvement in lipid metabolism and indicators of the functional state of the liver, a decrease in excessive bacterial growth. On the basis of ultrasound, elastography and fibrotest, the reverse development of liver steatosis was found in 20% and steatohepatitis in 66.6% of patients. CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate the feasibility of differentiated treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depending on thecharacteristics of its course and stage.

[Clinical and prognostic value of metabolic disorders in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

AIM: A comprehensive assessment of metabolic parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and based on them the development of prognostic criteria for the development of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 288 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at the stage of steatosis were examined. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the hepatobiliary system using the SONIX OP apparatus (Canada), the FibroMax test, and liver elastography using the AIXPLORER apparatus (France). The parameters of anthropometry, lipid spectrum, protein and pigment metabolism, cytolysis, cholestasis, bilirubin, insulin in the blood serum were evaluated. The methods of statistical forecasting are used. RESULTS: The clinical picture in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at the stage of steatosis was nonspecific and was due to the presence of concomitant diseases of the digestive system and the cardiovascular system. A kettle index of up to 30 was observed in 26.5% of patients, from 30 to 34.9 in 37.5%, from 35 to 39.9 in 29.7% of patients, more than 40 in 6.3% of patients. The results obtained during the biochemical analysis of blood serum indicate the presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia, an increase in the level of total protein, bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase in relation to the control group. Against the background of elevated glucose levels, an increase in basal insulin levels was observed (p=0.001). HOMA-IR insulin resistance was increased in patients (p=0.01). When analyzing the results of the study, the main prognostic criteria (body mass index and atherogenicity coefficient) in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the stage of steatosis with high specificity (97.8%) and sensitivity (96.2%) were determined. In determining the risk of progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease into liver fibrosis, the model of prognostic criteria included insulin and triglycerides with a specificity of 93.8% and a sensitivity of 85.7%. CONCLUSION: Among many variable factors, we have identified the main prognostic criteria that are highly likely to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at an early stage and determine the risk of progression to liver fibrosis.

Comparative analysis of bile acid spectrum in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis.

AIM: Сomparative studying of changes in the spectrum of bile acids in bile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 140 patients were included in the survey: 50 - with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 90 - with cholelithiasis. The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the liver, the elasticity and fibrosis of liver by using the sonoelastography and liver biopsy. The prestone stage of cholelithiasis was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and biochemical examination of bile. The level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were studied using the analyzer "Labsystems" (Finland). The spectrum of bile acids in bile is studied by mass spectrometry on AmazonX apparatus (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). RESULTS: Biochemical blood test revealed increase of cholesterol, triglycerides, cytolysis markers, and cholestasis, the most pronounced in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochemical study of bile showed increase of cholesterol, decrease the total amount of bile acids and cholatecholesterol coefficient in the vesicle and hepatic bile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. Mass spectrometry showed decrease the total amount of free bile acids (choloidal, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic) and increase the content of conjugated bile acids (glycocholic, glycodesoxycholic, taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic), the most pronounced in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CONCLUSION: Unidirectional changes in the spectrum of bile acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis give reason to believe that the trigger mechanism in the disturbance of bile acids metabolism is the liver. Reduction of primary bile acids, imbalance of phospholipids and cholesterol disrupt the stabilization of bile, resulting in unfavorable conditions in the bile ducts to form stones.

[Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease and enteral insufficiency: comorbidity of their development].

The article reflects current literature data on the epidemiology and risk factors of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease. An important aspect is the description of the modern views of combined lesions of the hepatobiliary tract and small intestine. Disorders of the intestinal microbiota play a special role in the development of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease. The value of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in the development of intestinal and liver diseases was shown. It seems relevant to further study the comorbidity of the development of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease and enteropathy for the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.

[Comparative analysis of bile acid spectrum in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis].

AIM: Сomparative studying of changes in the spectrum of bile acids in bile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 140 patients were included in the survey: 50 - with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 90 - with cholelithiasis. The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the liver, the elasticity and fibrosis of liver by using the sonoelastography and liver biopsy. The prestone stage of cholelithiasis was established on the basis of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and biochemical examination of bile. The level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were studied using the analyzer "Labsystems" (Finland). The spectrum of bile acids in bile is studied by mass spectrometry on AmazonX apparatus (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Biochemical blood test revealed increase of cholesterol, triglycerides, cytolysis markers, and cholestasis, the most pronounced in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochemical study of bile showed increase of cholesterol, decrease the total amount of bile acids and cholatecholesterol coefficient in the vesicle and hepatic bile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. Mass spectrometry showed decrease the total amount of free bile acids (choloidal, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic) and increase the content of conjugated bile acids (glycocholic, glycodesoxycholic, taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic), the most pronounced in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CONCLUSION: Unidirectional changes in the spectrum of bile acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis give reason to believe that the trigger mechanism in the disturbance of bile acids metabolism is the liver. Reduction of primary bile acids, imbalance of phospholipids and cholesterol disrupt the stabilization of bile, resulting in unfavorable conditions in the bile ducts to form stones.

[Cholelithiasis as a possible manifestation of systemic digestive diseases].

AIM: To comprehensively study of the function of digestive organs in cholelithiasis (CL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and seventeen patients with the early (prestone) stage of CL were examined. The latter was verified by ultrasonography (USG) and biochemical bile tests. The patients underwent pH metry and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, followed by histological examination of gastroduodenal mucosa (GDM) biopsy specimens. Manometry was used to evaluate duodenal function. The serum levels of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1), pepsinogen-2 (PG-2), cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP), α1-antitrypsin, insulin, and C-peptide were analyzed by an enzyme immunoassay. Small intestinal function was examined using a set of diagnostic tests. RESULTS: Gallbladder USG revealed biliary sludge in 273 (86.1%) patients. Biochemical examination of bile established a lower cholatocholesterol coefficient in its cystic as well as hepatic portions, suggesting enhanced bile lithogenicity. Manometry of the duodenum showed its hypertension, hypotension, and normotension in 57.6, 24.8, and 17.6% of the CL patients, respectively. There were significant increases in basal gastric body pH and PG-1 and PG-2 levels as compared to the control group. Morphological examination of GDM biopsy specimens revealed chronic superficial gastritis in 61.8% of the patients, chronic atrophic gastritis in 17.4%, and moderate diffuse duodenitis in 18.3%. In 148 (46.7%) patients with CL, the latter was burdened by pancreatic comorbidity. Stress tests using water-soluble starch, sucrose, and glucose demonstrated impairments in various stages of digestion; substantially decreased levels of CCK, gastrin and cyclic nucleotides were observed in the patients with CL compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Most patients with CL were detected to have digestive organ structural and functional disorders. Moreover, CL may be regarded as a possible manifestation of systemic digestive diseases.

[Ways to improve efficiency of patient clinical examinations during early stage of cholelithiasis].

PURPOSE: The aim of the work was to improve the organization and conduct of clinical examination of patients with gallstone disease (GSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An integrated study of 396 patients with different pathologies of the hepatobiliary system and the medical check-up for three years for 101 patients. RESULTS: Built logistic model to predict the likelihood of developing gallstone disease and developed a predictive scoring table it possible to distinguish patients at risk of developing gall stones. The result of follow-up of the proposed method was prevented economic losses due to the lack of need for a cholecystectomy, which is made up of one patient 6766.22 rubles., The entire group of 1,004,966.63 rubles. CONCLUSION: Obtained to diagnose cholelithiasis at an early stage dokamennoy. Developed a screening questionnaire, predictive scoring table, the scheme of follow-up also improves clinical examination of patients with cholelithiasis dokamennoy stage.

[Medico-statistical characteristics of the cholelithiasis in the Udmurt Republic].

UNLABELLED: THE AIM OF OUR INVESTIGATION: siuay me level or moroiaity or cnolelimiasis and its dynamic in adult and children population of Udmurt Republic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the materials of state statistic registration documentation. We took into account the average population of Udmurt Republic, data of cholrlithiasis morbidity and the quantity of registrated cases of disease. To reveal tendency of cholelithiasis morbidity we spent the regressive analysis with using of trend models. THE RESULTS: We found that during analyzing period (2005-2009) common morbidity of cholelithiasis in Udmurt Republic exceeds the same data in Russian Federation. Morbidity of adult urban population is significantly higher than in rural population. The cholelithiasis morbidity increases at the age of 41-60 years. In children population we marked significant raising of primary cholelithiasis morbidity. CONCLUSION. It was revealed that cholelithiasis morbidity in Udmurt Republic remains high. Due to this information we have possibility to determine medical and prophylactic measures.

[The functional condition of the hepato-biliary system in fatty hepatosis with concomitant diabetes mellitus].

It was made an organized study of the functional condition of hepato-biliary system beside 200 patients with fatty hepatosis and fatty hepatosis with concomitant sugar diabetes. In verification of the diagnosis were used results of the biochemical blood's study, ultrasonography study, computer and MR tomography. All patients were conducted with duodenal tubing with following biochemical bile study. Breach of the functional condition liver was revealled beside majority sick fatty hepatosis, moreover degree of the breaches becomes above under accompanying sugar diabetes. Unidirectional change in biochemical bile characteristic wasn't noted beside patient fatty hepatosis and fatty hepatosis with accompanying sugar diabetes, corresponding to I stage cholelithiasis.

[Use of essentiale and cholagogum in prevention of cholelithiasis in fat hepatosis with concomitant cholecystitis].

AIM: To assess efficacy of essentiale in combination with cholagogum in prevention of cholelithogenesis in patients with fat hepatosis (FH) and concomitant cholecystitis (CC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 patients aged 31-60 years with FH and CC were examined using clinical, device and biochemical tests. The diagnosis was verified by the results of ultrasonography, computed and MR tomography. Fractionated duodenal tubing followed by biochemical examination of bile was conducted in all the patients. RESULTS: Changes in physico-chemical properties of hepatic and vesical bile corresponding to stage I of cholelithiasis occurred in most of the examinees. Treatment with essentiale +cholagogum is clinically effective, improves functional condition of bile ducts and the liver, diminishes bile lithogenicity. CONCLUSION: In fat hepatosis and concomitant cholecystitis, essentiale and cholagogum improve biochemical composition of bile, resulting finally in decreased risk of cholelithogenesis.

[Use of essentiale with cholagogue in fatty liver complicated by cholecystitis for lowering the lithogenic properties of bile]. / Primenenie éssentsiale v sochetanii s kholagogumom pri zhirovom gepatoze s soputstvuiushchim kholetsistitom dlia snizheniia litogennykh svoistv zhelchi.

The group of 50 patients with the fatty hepatosis and an accompanying cholecystitis in the age from 22 till 60 years were examined alongside by clinical and some modern laboratory ultrasonic, biochemical researches. In portions "B" and "C" of the bile the level of cholic acids and cholesterol were investigated with the subsequent account of the cholate-cholesterol coefficient. It was shown that in the most of the patients with fatty hepatosis and an accompanying cholecystitis observes infringement of physical and chemical bile properties what correspond to 1st stage of the disease. The use of Essentiale with Cholagogue in the complex therapy at the pathology of hepato-biliary system renders the expressed therapeutic effect. Thus, alongside with the positive dynamic of clinical disease symptoms the bile lithogenic features are lowering.